高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句AttributiveClause課件必修二.ppt

,Attributive Clause,The clause used as the attribute in a sentence is called,structure:,antecedent + (先行詞),relative pron. (as sub. or obj.),relative adv. (as adverbial),(that / which / who(m) / whose),(when / where / why),Language study,Relative pronouns,Talking about people,Do you know the man who / that came to see Xiao Yang this morning.,Talking about things,I couldnt find the book which / that I bought yesterday.,whose,Do you know the boy whose parents are on holiday?,He is a man who / whom / that we should all learn from.,The table which / that you just saw is made of plastics.,Ive never been to the room whose windows are broken.,Language study,who/ whom/ that,這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。 E.g. Is he the man who/that wants to see you? （who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. （whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）,whose,用來(lái)指人或物，（只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，它還可以同of which the互換） They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose （of which the） cover is green.,關(guān)系代詞that 的用法,a） 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí) e.g. The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. （wrong） b） 介詞后不能用 e.g. We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.,1）關(guān)系代詞不用that的情況,先行詞為all, anything, nothing, something, little, few, much等不定代詞時(shí) 我能用的（東西）極其少 There is little that I can use. 先行詞被all, each, few, much, every, no ,some, any等不定代詞修飾時(shí) 你需要的書都在這兒 All the books that you need are here. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí) 這是他用英語(yǔ)寫的第一篇作文 This is the first composition that he has written in English.,2）. 關(guān)系代詞只能用that的情況,先行詞既有人又有物時(shí) 。 他談到了他曾拜訪過(guò)的老師和學(xué)校。 He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 主句是以who或which開頭的疑問(wèn)句 在那里說(shuō)話的人是誰(shuí)? Who is the man that is speaking over there? 先行詞被the only, the very, the last等修飾時(shí) 這正是我在找的槍。 This is the very gun that I am looking for.,先行詞在從句中做表語(yǔ)時(shí) 他已經(jīng)不是三十年前的那個(gè)年輕人了。 He is not the young man that he was thirty years ago. 在there be 句型中，如先行詞指物，用that,而不用which. There are many books that were written by him in my home. There is a house that has beautiful windows.,關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。 e.g. July and August are the months when the weather is hot. (時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)) Shes going home where she can rest.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)） Do you know the reason why I left early? (原因狀語(yǔ)),判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞,把先行詞放回從句，看它在從句中所作的成分。 1. 如果不需要添詞句子仍然完整，那先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)（表所屬關(guān)系），選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose)。 2. 如果需要添介詞才能使從句完整，那么先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 （ where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ)）。,判斷改錯(cuò)：,This is the mountain village where I visited last year. I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year. Ill never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside. 習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。,判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞,方法： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分（主、賓、定、狀），就能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。 例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one,判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞,例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 在句1中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。 例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。,1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl whom I met is Lucy. 3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. 4.I like the book which you bought yesterday. 5. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor. 6. I like the person to whom you just talked. 7. We shall never forget the days that we spent together. 8. We shall never forget the days when we lived together.,確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分,介詞+關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,1）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)等狀語(yǔ)的“介詞+關(guān)系詞“結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。例如： This is the house _ I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day _ you joined our club? 2）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。 3）先行詞是物，關(guān)系詞用which, 先行詞是人,則關(guān)系詞用whom 4)表所屬關(guān)系時(shí)用of which/whom The boy whose/ of whom the parents are both doctors won the first place in the exam. 5)表原因，用for which Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?,介詞關(guān)系詞結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的確定,來(lái)源于構(gòu)成完整時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)所需補(bǔ)出的介詞 This is the mountain village _ I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days _ I worked together with you. 來(lái)源于動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) He is really the person _ whom we have a lot to learn. The girl _ whom you are talking is working for an international organization.,限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開。e.g. This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買的。（非限制性）,as & which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which指代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。as一般放在句首，which在句中。 例如： As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。 The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太陽(yáng)使地球暖起來(lái)，這對(duì)我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?The sun heats the earth, and _ is very important to us.,典型例題,1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he 答案C. 此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。,2）The weather turned out to be very good, (and) _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而what不可。that 不能用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，it不為連詞，使用逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上行不通。,典型例題,3）It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park A. that B. which C. as D. it 答案B. as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)： （1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which不可。 （2） as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動(dòng)詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。,典型例題,關(guān)系代詞as 的用法,1) the sameas；suchas 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和一樣。例如： I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 2) as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有正如。例如： As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health. as是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語(yǔ)；例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。,what/whatever,1）what = the thing which； whatever = anything。 e.g. What you want has been sent here. 你要的動(dòng)詞都送來(lái)了。 Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么，跟我沒(méi)什么關(guān)系。,who/ whoever,who= the person that whoever= anyone who e.g. （WRONG）Who breaks the law will be punished. （WRONG）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear. （RIGHT）Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 王子犯法，與庶民同罪。 （RIGHT）Who robbed the bank is not clear. 誰(shuí)搶了銀行還不清楚。,先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一,1） Whoever spits in public will be punished here. （Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替） 2） The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）,1. City people in Britain and the US stand closer than those_live in other countries. 2. The old lady used to stand in front of the window, though _she could see what was happening. 3. The international research group was made up of 20 scientists, three of _ are experts on DNA. 4. Lost in the thick forest, the old man had got no person_he could turn for help.,用關(guān)系詞填空,5. Jackie, _life had once been very hard, become a well-known actor. 6. Do you still remember the days _ we spent happily together last year. 7. The tree, _ leaves have turned red, was planted by my uncle. 8. The boy, one of _ is my brother, are making a plan for the weekend.,用關(guān)系詞填空,Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions 1. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live. 2. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class. 3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me. 4. Is that the newspaper _which you often write articles? 5. 1949 was the year _which the P.R.C. was founded.,without,about / to,on,for,in,1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday. 2. Is that factory which your father once worked in? 3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. 4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget. 5. I still remember the