2019年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 1.4 Earthquakes（講）（含解析）.doc

1.4 Earthquakes單元知識(shí)預(yù)覽項(xiàng)目單詞及其詞性變化（語(yǔ)法填空必備）重點(diǎn)單詞1burst vi.爆裂；爆發(fā) n突然破裂，爆發(fā)2event n事件；大事3nation n民族；國(guó)家；國(guó)民national adj.國(guó)家的，民族的nationality n國(guó)籍4ruin n廢墟；毀滅 vt.毀滅；使破產(chǎn)5suffering n苦難；痛苦suffer v受苦，遭受6extreme adj.極度的extremely adv.7injure vt.損害；傷害injured adj.受傷的injury n傷害，損害8destroy vt.破壞；毀壞；消滅9useless adj.無(wú)用的；無(wú)效的；無(wú)益的useful(反義詞)use v. & n使用，利用10shock vt. & vi.(使)震驚；震動(dòng) n休克；打擊；震驚11rescue n. & vt.援救；營(yíng)救12trap vt.使陷入困境 n陷阱；困境13electricity n電；電流；電學(xué)electric adj.用電的；帶電的；發(fā)電的electrical adj.與電有關(guān)的；電學(xué)的14disaster n災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍15bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏16shelter n掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處17damage n. & vt.損失；損害18frighten vt.使驚嚇；嚇唬frightened adj.受驚的；受恐嚇的frightening adj.令人恐懼的19judge n裁判員；法官 vt.斷定；判斷；判決judgement n判斷，判決20express vt.表示；表達(dá)n.快車；速遞expression n表達(dá)expressive adj.有表現(xiàn)力的重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1right away立刻 2at an end 結(jié)束3in ruins 成為廢墟 4dig out 掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)5a(great) number of 許多；大量的 6give out 分發(fā)；發(fā)出(氣味、熱等)7thousands of 成千上萬(wàn) 8think little of 不重視；不假思索9blow away 吹走；刮走 10be proud of 以而自豪11instead of 代替 12be trapped in 陷入之中13be known for/as 因?yàn)?作為出名14bring in 引進(jìn)；引來(lái)經(jīng)典句型（高考書(shū)面表達(dá)必備）1In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在農(nóng)家院子里，雞和豬都煩躁不安，以致不吃食。2Itseemedasif the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！3All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破滅了。4Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 老鼠從田地里跑出來(lái)找地方藏身。5. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.工人們?yōu)槟切┘覉@遭受破壞的幸存者建了住所。必備語(yǔ)法（高級(jí)句型）名詞性從句（2）晨讀范文背誦2018天津卷假設(shè)你是晨光中學(xué)的機(jī)器人興趣小組組長(zhǎng)李津,你的美國(guó)朋友Chris就讀于天津某國(guó)際學(xué)校,他曾在機(jī)器人技能競(jìng)賽中獲獎(jiǎng)。你打算邀請(qǐng)他加入你的團(tuán)隊(duì),參加即將于7月底在天津舉行的世界青少年機(jī)器人技能競(jìng)賽。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提示代表興趣小組給他寫(xiě)一封電子郵件。(1)比賽的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn);(2)邀請(qǐng)他的原因;(3)訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃將發(fā)送其郵箱,請(qǐng)他提出建議。注意:(1)詞數(shù)不少于100;(2)可適當(dāng)加入細(xì)節(jié),使內(nèi)容充實(shí)、行文連貫;(3)開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯:世界青少年機(jī)器人技能競(jìng)賽 the World Adolescent Robotics petitionDear Chris,I have good news to tell you. Im looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Jin【參考范文】Dear Chris, I have good news to tell you. The World Adolescent Robotics petition will be held in Tianjin at the end of July so as to promote the development of robotics. What I would like to stress is that it is looking for new members at this moment. I would like to invite you to take part in it, since I know youve just won first prize in the Robotics petition held in your institute and have shown great talent in designing robotics. Therefore, you are the most suitable person, I suppose.The training schedule, in addition to regular training, includes joining in a variety of activities, such as participating in some national petitions. I will send its details to you by e-mail. I would appreciate it if you give us some advice on how to make it perfect. Im looking forward to your reply. Yours,Li Jin 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)精析重點(diǎn)單詞精講考點(diǎn)1burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆發(fā)n. 突然破裂；爆發(fā)【教材原句】In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. but the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.在市內(nèi)，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂開(kāi)來(lái)。但是，唐山市的一百萬(wàn)居民幾乎都沒(méi)有把這些情況當(dāng)一回事，當(dāng)天晚上照常睡著了?！纠溲凶x】(1)She burst out crying for a while, and burst into laughter for another moment, which made us at a loss.她一會(huì)兒突然哭起來(lái)，一會(huì)兒又_，這使我們一頭霧水。 （1）突然笑起來(lái)(2)We all thought his heart would burst with happiness.我們都認(rèn)為他心中的快樂(lè)快要_了。 （2）爆發(fā)出來(lái)(3)The police burst in and arrested the gang.警察_逮捕了那幫人。 （3）突然闖進(jìn)來(lái)【歸納拓展】burst out 迸發(fā)；突然發(fā)作；突然起來(lái) burst into 闖入；突然出現(xiàn)；突然起來(lái)；突然發(fā)作burst into tears/songs/laughter/angry speech突然哭/唱/笑/吵起來(lái)burst out crying/singing/laughing突然哭起來(lái)/唱起來(lái)/笑起來(lái)burst in 闖入burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲絕/樂(lè)不可支be bursting to do 渴望，急著要做(某事)at a(one) burst 一陣；一口氣；一舉；一下a burst of anger 怒火的迸發(fā)【即時(shí)鞏固】單項(xiàng)填空1. One minute she burst into _, and the next she burst out _. We just couldnt catch her mood at any moment. Acrying; laughter Btears; laughing Ctears; laughter Dcrying; laughing 2.Roses humor was_ make every student burst into_.Aso amused as tolaughterBso amusing as to laughterCsuch thatlaughingDso that laughing【答案】B 完成句子3.After that, he _(突然大哭起來(lái))4.There came _(一陣笑聲)5.He blew the balloon _(直到它爆裂為止)【答案】(1)burst out crying/burst into tears (2)a burst of laughter (3)until it burst考點(diǎn)2ruin n. U毀壞；毀滅，崩潰C(pl.) 廢墟，遺跡v. (使)破產(chǎn)，(使)墮落，毀滅【教材原句】In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒鐘內(nèi)，一座大城市就沉淪在一片廢墟之中?！纠溲凶x】(1)Drink was his fathers ruin and it will be the ruin of him too.酗酒是他父親_的原因，他也將遭同樣的_。（1）失敗; 厄運(yùn)(2)Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.多年的戰(zhàn)事已經(jīng)使得這個(gè)地區(qū)_。 （2）一片廢墟(3)A large number of churches fell to ruin after the revolution. 革命過(guò)后，許多教堂_。（3）都?xì)Я?4)The heavy rain ruined our holiday.大雨把我們的假期徹底_。 （4）搞糟了(5)If you go on like this, youll ruin yourself.如果你繼續(xù)這樣下去，你會(huì)自己_。 （5）毀了自己【歸納拓展】in ruins 成為廢墟；破敗不堪be the ruin of 成為毀滅(墮落)的原因e/fall to ruin 毀滅，滅亡；崩潰；破壞掉bring sb. to ruin 使某人失??；使傾家蕩產(chǎn)bring ruin upon oneself 自取滅亡ruin oneself 自取滅亡ruin ones health/fame 毀壞某人的健康/名譽(yù)【即時(shí)鞏固】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子(1)An earthquake_(使全城到處是頹垣斷壁)(leave)(2)Some prewar constructions were abandoned and eventually _(成了廢墟)(3)That one mistake _ (毀壞)his chances of getting the job.【答案】(1)left the whole city in ruins (2)fell/came to ruin(3)ruined（4）His future lies _ because he was caught stealing in the shop and put into prison.Aas usualBin ruinsCby mistakeDon purpose【答案】B考點(diǎn)：考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析考點(diǎn)3injure vt. 損害，傷害【教材原句】The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.死傷的人數(shù)達(dá)到40多萬(wàn)。【例句研讀】(1)The boy injured his leg.這個(gè)男孩把腿_。 （1）弄傷了(2)Your remark may injure her pride.你的話也許會(huì)_。 （2）傷她的自尊(3)I didnt mean to do her an injury.我并未打算_她。 （3）傷害【歸納拓展】injury n. 傷，傷口；傷害 injured adj. 受傷的，受委屈的do an injury to sb.傷害某人 the injured傷員an injured look/expression委屈的樣子/表情 injured pride/feelings受到傷害的自尊/情感【即時(shí)鞏固】用wound, hurt或injure的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)His cold behaviour _ her deeply.(2)The bullet_ him in the shoulder.(3)He was _ in the accident.(4)When the girl learned that her boyfriend was _ in the earthquake, she _Ainjured; burst in tearBkilled; burst out tearsCstill alive; burst into tearsDmissing; burst into laughter 考點(diǎn)4shock n. U；C打擊；震驚；震動(dòng)；休克vt. 使震驚，使驚愕【教材原句】People were shocked.人們驚呆了?！纠溲凶x】(1)The news of his wifes death was a terrible shock to him.他妻子去世的消息_。 （1）對(duì)他打擊太大了(2)He was shocked at her smoking.看到她在吸煙，他很_。 （2）吃驚(3) It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到鄰居們?nèi)绾螌?duì)待孩子，我感到_。（3）震驚【歸納拓展】be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震驚be shocked to do sth. 懼怕做某事It shocked sb. to see/hear.看見(jiàn)/聽(tīng)到使某人震驚。(be) a shock to sb. 對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)打擊提示：shocked adj. 感到驚奇的，驚訝的(主語(yǔ)多為人)shocking adj. 令人氣憤的，令人驚訝的(主語(yǔ)多為物)【即時(shí)鞏固】(1)_ the sight.這情景使我大為震驚。(2)If you touch a live wire, _如果你摸帶電的線，就會(huì)觸電。(3)The message _這條消息使他震驚。(4)The _ news made all the people present _. Ashocking; shocking Bshocking; shockedCshocked; shocking Dshocked; shocked（5）Have you heard of _ death of Steven Jobs? Yes. It must be_ shock to Apple fans.Athe; theBa; theCthe; aDa; / 考點(diǎn)5bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隱藏【教材原句】The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部隊(duì)人員組成小分隊(duì)，將受困的人們挖出來(lái)，將死者掩埋?！纠溲凶x】(1)He was sitting with his head buried in a book.他坐著_。（1）埋頭看書(shū)(2)He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets.他走得很慢，兩手_。（2）插在衣袋里(3)After the divorce, she buried herself in her work.離婚后，她_。（3）埋頭于工作【歸納拓展】bury oneself in study 埋頭研究bury oneself in (doing) sth. 專心致力于(做)某事be buried in thoughts 沉思bury ones face in ones hands 雙手掩面be buried alive 被活埋；隱居提示：表示“專心于，致力于”意義的短語(yǔ)還有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in等?！炯磿r(shí)鞏固】1. _ in thought, I didnt notice what was happening.AHaving buriedBBuryingCBuriedDTo be buried【答案】C考點(diǎn)：考查形容詞用法2._ deep down in the earth for thousands of years, the dead forest has rotted away and bee coalAHaving buriedBBeing buriedCBuriedDTo be buried【答案】C【解析】試題分析：句意：被埋在了泥土中數(shù)萬(wàn)年，死亡的森林已經(jīng)腐爛變成了煤。動(dòng)作bury與其邏輯主語(yǔ)the dead forest是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)，選C?？键c(diǎn)：考查過(guò)去分詞的用法3. After starting work, Cao spent his evenings _ in his books and was eventually admitted to a secondary technical school.AburyingBburiedCbeing buriedDhaving buried【答案】B考點(diǎn) : 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)6judge v. 斷定；判斷；判決n. 裁判員；法官；評(píng)判員【教材原句】Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.評(píng)委會(huì)的五位評(píng)委聽(tīng)了你的演講，他們都認(rèn)為你的演講是今年最好的?！纠溲凶x】(1)Dont judge a book by its cover. 勿_取人。（1）以貌(2) Judging from/by his accent, he must be a southerner.根據(jù)他的口音_，他一定是個(gè)南方人。（2）判斷(3)He was judged to be the best actor of this year.他_今年的最佳男演員。（3）被評(píng)為【歸納拓展】judgment n. 判斷，審判，意見(jiàn)，判斷力 judging by/from 從上看，根據(jù)判斷judge sb./sth. from/by. 從來(lái)判斷 judge between right and wrong 判斷是非as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷，我認(rèn)為 in ones judgement 依某人看來(lái)，按某人的看法【即時(shí)鞏固】1. _ from what she said at the meeting, she must have lied to all of us.AJudgedBJudgingCTo judgeDJudge【答案】B【解析】試題分析：考查評(píng)述性狀語(yǔ)：句意：根據(jù)她在開(kāi)會(huì)的時(shí)候說(shuō)的話，她一定對(duì)我們所有的人撒謊了。Judging by/from是評(píng)述性狀語(yǔ)“根據(jù)來(lái)判斷”，不需要考慮和后面的主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，選B。2. It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly _ my friend. AignoreBjudgeCrecognizeDrealize【答案】C【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。A忽視，不理睬；B判斷；C認(rèn)出；D意識(shí)到。句意：電影院里如此黑，以至于我?guī)缀醪荒苷J(rèn)出我的朋友來(lái)。根據(jù)句意說(shuō)明C正確。3. to be the best one in the group, she had an opportunity to enter for the final petition.AJudgingBTo JudgeCHaving judgedDJudged【答案】D考點(diǎn)：考查分詞做狀語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)精講考點(diǎn)1right away立刻，馬上【教材原句】Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away設(shè)想你們家開(kāi)始搖晃，你必須馬上離開(kāi)?！纠溲凶x】(1)I want it to be sent right away.馬上把它發(fā)出去。(2)He cleaned the room right away.他立即開(kāi)始打掃房間。(3)Hes not in the office right now.他現(xiàn)在不在辦公室?！練w納拓展】(1)表示“立刻，馬上”的短語(yǔ)without delay/right now/immediately/at once/in no time/right off(2)比較right away/right nowright away“立刻，馬上”，相當(dāng)于at once, in no time。right now“立即，馬上；此時(shí)此刻”，后一意義比now的語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，相當(dāng)于at this very moment。【即時(shí)鞏固】考點(diǎn)2at an end 終止；結(jié)束【教材原句】It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日！【例句研讀】(1)The year is at an end.這一年已到_了。（1）年終(2)The meeting came to an end.會(huì)議_了。（2）結(jié)束(3)Go straight and youll find the hospital at the end of the road.一直往前走，你會(huì)在_找到這家醫(yī)院。（3）這條路的盡頭(4)They argued for two hours on end.他們_辯論了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（4）一連【歸納拓展】bring.to an end (使)結(jié)束，終止 e to an end 結(jié)束，終止at the end of 在盡頭(末) by the end of 到末為止(常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用)in the end 最后，終于(后不加 of短語(yǔ)) on end 一連，連續(xù)to the end 到底 without end 沒(méi)完沒(méi)了make ends meet 收支相抵【即時(shí)鞏固】英漢互譯(1)He didnt answer it right away._(2)立刻給他打電話。(right away)_(3)We will take care of this right away._(4)此刻我們不能談?wù)撨@個(gè)問(wèn)題。(right now)_【答案】(1)他沒(méi)有馬上回答。(2)Call/Ring him (up) right away.(3)我們將立刻處理此事。(4)We cant discuss this question right now.考點(diǎn)3a (great) number of 許多；大量的【教材原句】Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.【例句研讀】(1)There _ (be) a great number of books in the shelves.(2)The number of guests invited _ (be) 50, but a number of them _ (be) absent for the heavy rain.(3)Quantities of water _ (be) polluted now.(4)A great deal of oil _ (be) poured into the sea and did great harm to creatures in the water.(5)Many a famous writer _(be) an alumnus(撰搞人) of a local newspaper. 【答案】（1）are（2）was；were（3）are（4）was（5）is【歸納拓展】a large/great/good number of; a great/good many; a good few; quite a few可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)many a/more than one單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞a great/good deal of; a great/large amount of; quite a little不可數(shù)名詞a lot/lots of; a great/large quantity of; large quantities of; plenty of可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞提示：(1)a number of是“許多，大量”的意思，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the number of 是“的數(shù)目”的意思，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。(2)large quantities of (pl.)/U做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。large amounts ofU n做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)?！炯磿r(shí)鞏固】(1)_(許多學(xué)生) find it hard to find an acceptable job after graduation.(number)(2)A great number of new factories _(被建立)in my hometown since 1987.(3)_ (大量的金錢已被花) on the new hospital since 1980.(4)A large number of students in our school _ from the countryside; the number _ growing these years.Ais; has been Bare; has been Cis; have been Dare; have been 考點(diǎn)4. as usual【教材原句】Wang Wei rode in front of me as usual. She is very reliable and I knew I didnt need to encourage her.像往常一樣，王薇在我的前面，她很可靠，我知道我用不著給她鼓勁兒。【例句研讀】Lily got up at 6 oclock_（像往常一樣），but she realized it was Sunday as soon as she prepared her school bag.Lily像往常一樣六點(diǎn)鐘起床，但當(dāng)她準(zhǔn)備書(shū)包時(shí)才意識(shí)到那是星期天?！敬鸢浮縜s usual【歸納拓展】usual adj. 通常的；平常的usually adv. 通常地；平常地than usual 比平?！炯磿r(shí)鞏固】1. Lily got up at 6:00 oclock _ but she realized it was Sunday soon.Aas usualBas possibleCat presentDat last【答案】A【解析】試題分析：詞義辨析。A和通常一樣；B盡可能；C目前；現(xiàn)在；D最后，終于；句意：Lily和往常一樣在六點(diǎn)就起床了。但是她很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)是周日。根據(jù)句意說(shuō)明A正確。考點(diǎn)：考查詞義辨析2. How often do you eat out? _, but usually once a week.AI have no ideaBIt dependsCAs usualDGenerally speaking【答案】B考點(diǎn)：考查情景交際的用法。經(jīng)典句型剖析考點(diǎn)1. It seemed as if【教材原句】It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！【句法分析】It seems (to sb.) that. (對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))似乎Sb. seems to do/to be doing/to have done.It seems as if/though. “似乎(好像)”，可接虛擬語(yǔ)氣。seem(to be)n./adj. 似乎是There seems to be. 好像有It seems so. (So it seems.) 似乎是那樣?！纠溲凶x】It seemed that he had known the truth.He seemed to have known the truth. 他好像知道了真相。His father seems (to be) strict.他父親似乎很嚴(yán)厲。There seemed to be a voice in the distance.似乎遠(yuǎn)處有人說(shuō)話。It always seemed as though everything in my childhood had just happened.我童年的一切仿佛剛剛發(fā)生一樣。【拓展歸納】seem/look/appear(1)seem 暗含有一定的根據(jù)，往往是接近實(shí)際的判斷，后可接介詞、形容詞、不定式或從句。(2)look 著重由視覺(jué)而得出的印象，可與 like連用，但不能與不定式連用?？山?as if從句，不接 that從句。(3)appear 強(qiáng)調(diào)外表給人的印象，而且事實(shí)往往并非如此?？山?that從句，不接 as if從句。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】考查seem的用法?！炯磿r(shí)鞏固】1. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing but we seem _ the art of municating face-to-face.AlosingBto be losingCto be lostDhaving lost【答案】B【解析】 考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。seem to do sth好像要做某事；再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Today，應(yīng)指我們似乎正在失去面對(duì)面的交流藝術(shù)。所以選B。2. _, nobody was injured in the accidentAAs it may seem strangeBBecause it may seem strangeCStrange as it may seemDStrange as may it seem【答案】C 3.What a noise! I can hardly stand it.It _ as if they are having a party next door.Alooks BseemsCappears Dhappens【答案】B 【解析】C、D項(xiàng)不接 as if從句。A項(xiàng)不合題意。考查 It seems as if.句式?？键c(diǎn)2 too . . . to . . .結(jié)構(gòu)【教材原句】In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在農(nóng)家院子里，雞和豬都煩躁不安，以致不吃食?！揪浞ǚ治觥縯oo.to. 句型表示“太以至于不能(表否定)”，可轉(zhuǎn)化為 not.enough to.和 so.that.。提示：(1)當(dāng) too后接 easy, ready, happy, willing, eager 或 anxious時(shí)，to 后的動(dòng)詞表示肯定。例如：The book is too easy to understand.這本書(shū)太容易理解了。He was too anxious to leave.他急于離開(kāi)。(2)too.not to. 句式表示肯定意思。例如：He is too careful not to have noticed it.他那么細(xì)心，不會(huì)不注意到這一點(diǎn)的。 (3)too.to.中 too前面用了否定詞(如 never)時(shí)，表示肯定。例如：It is never too late to mend.改過(guò)不嫌晚。(4)only too.to.表示肯定，其中 too后的形容詞多數(shù)是表示某種心情的，如 glad, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, determined 等，也有描繪性的形容詞，如 good, kind, true等。例如：The girl is only too kind to help us.這姑娘非常樂(lè)于幫助我們。【例句研讀】The child is too young to dress himself.The child is not old enough to dress himself.The child is so young that he cant dress himself.這孩子太小，不能夠自己穿衣?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】考查too . . . to . . .結(jié)構(gòu)【即時(shí)鞏固】1.Jim is a kind boy. He is _willing to help his classmates.Aso BsuchCmuch Dtoo【答案】D 【解析】tooglad/pleased/willing.to.表示肯定意義。如用A項(xiàng)應(yīng)改為 so.as to才對(duì)。2. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. A much too heavy B too much heavy C heavy too much D too heavy much【答案】A 3. What do you think of the book I lent to you yesterday ?Oh, not too bad.Its not too difficult_.A reading B.to be r