2011年煙臺市中考物理試卷及答案.doc

romoting the construction of rule of law, but also the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-abiding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote the field of multi-level governance according to law, promote the continuous improvement of the social environment. To promote universal compliance. Actively foster the rule of law culture, carry out law publicity and education on honesty and trustworthiness, guide the masses and consciously abide by the law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of gradually changing the world, he is not looking for but someone unspoken rules, formed all law law, abide by the good atmosphere. To strengthen the comprehensive management of public security. Deepening peace xingan construction, strongly against violence crime, mafia and serious criminal offences, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, carry out criminal policy of temper justice with mercy, the maximum stimulating social vitality, and earnestly safeguard social harmony and stability. To resolve social conflicts by law. To further smooth channels of reporting social conditions and public opinion, improving regulation, arbitration, as wellrelationship between Government and business. The two sessions, General Secretary of Pro, clear the word succinctly summarized the new relationship between Government and business, as pure politics, reshaping the political relationship specified in the direction. District leaders in handling political and business relations, engage in trading power for money, and finally stumbled, we a lesson, always keep in mind that Pro, clean practicing Pro, clear. Pro is to open a sincere engagement with private enterprise to help solve practical difficulties; Clear is to clarify the Division of power, exercised in accordance with, private entrepreneurs with innocent purity, not abusing power for personal gain, not to engage in trading power for money. Third, in order to maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice is the lifeline of the rule of law, is the best development environment. Currently, lax law enforcement and the judicial sector in our region also exist to varying degrees, law enforcement departments and individual window units power for personal gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cases in which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises and people. Especially some law enforcement and inspection for profit purposes, deliberately looking for corporate loopholes, found directly under the ticket does not give business improvement opportunities. We recruit a company doesnt easily, cultivating a business more difficult, never for personal gain, systematic harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enterprise collapsed. To guarantee the legitimate rights and interests. Always proceed from the overall situation of reform and development of services, fully consider the characteristics of production and management in non-public enterprises and social benefits, an accurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusiasm of entrepreneurs and practitioners in innovation and entrepreneurship, enhancing expectations and confidence. To promote strict enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, improve law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervision of law enforcement, exploration and practice of risk control mechanism of law enforcement to further standardize the social security, urban management, road traffic administrative law enforcement, effectively free, extensive law-enforcement and lax enforcement of law enforcement and other issues. To uphold justice. Justice is the last line of Defense to safeguard fairness and justice, to unequivocally support the courts and procuratorates independently exercise level . Judicial activities were rampant, must not be allowed to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, violations of the legitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to abuse of power, to make forest mass can be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice. Four to deepen grass-roots governance according to lawchain do long, and put scale big. To serve the development of enterprises. Duocuo simultaneously improving service efficiency, build better public services platform, enhance work efficiency, initiative to help businesses solve the project procedures, financing loans, issues such as land-use approval, reduce operating costs, business travel light and enhance the confidence to overcome all kinds of difficulties and the Foundation, real entrepreneurial passion play entrepreneurship, enhance the internal vitality and creativity. SI XING an construction, promoting the rule of law, tries to make the transformation of forest development XI General Secretary stressed, to reinvigorate Northeast China, optimized development environment is very important. Environment of rule of law most gather Moss, the most conducive to development. Improving the leading cadres using the method of thought and the rule of law Administration work, problem-solving, the ability to promote the development, is the key to promoting the rule of law. The law may affect the efficiency of out of the path of development will be more smooth, won development gains will be sustained, and end with greater efficiency. Leading cadres at all levels should take the lead in respect of law law, abide by, and actively foster Socialist culture, actively promoting the field of multi-level governance according to law, guide the masses and consciously abide by the law, failing to find law, solve the problem by law, in accordance with the law prevail. XXX administration by law of leading cadres do not exist on the rule of law, law enforcement, casual, and vow not to investors, the new scores and other turmoil. These important expositions on my district create good development environment with highly targeted and guidance, especially the General Secretary pointed out that the chaos in my area also exists to varying degrees, some even quite serious. Leading cadres at all levels must improve the development environment of rule of law as a fundamental task, adhere to the problem oriented, solid and solve the problems in the construction of rule of law, to rule the new effect for development environment improvements. To hold key minority. Leaders of this group, although few in number, but the effect is critical. If a local leaders take the lead right according to law, in accordance with the law, the local CPPCC fresh, pragmatic and efficient development environment. Conversely, if a local leaders of ignoring the law, impunity, not only the political environment will be destroyed, will have serious implications for the development environment. Now, some leading cadres lack of awareness on the importance of learning, that learn or not does not matter. Think efficiency is too low too much, act according to the procedure, than an executive order getting along with. In dealing with complex issues, often speak of settling and done; on the issue of handling letters and visits, like to spend money and buy stop and stable, but disregard the law administration, in accordance with the law, the rulechain do long, and put scale big. To serve the development of enterprises. Duocuo simultaneously improving service efficiency, build better public services platform, enhance work efficiency, initiative to help businesses solve the project procedures, financing loans, issues such as land-use approval, reduce operating costs, business travel light and enhance the confidence to overcome all kinds of difficulties and the Foundation, real entrepreneurial passion play entrepreneurship, enhance the internal vitality and creativity. SI XING an construction, promoting the rule of law, tries to make the transformation of forest development XI General Secretary stressed, to reinvigorate Northeast China, optimized development environment is very important. Environment of rule of law most gather Moss, the most conducive to development. Improving the leading cadres using the method of thought and the rule of law Administration work, problem-solving, the ability to promote the development, is the key to promoting the rule of law. The law may affect the efficiency of out of the path of development will be more smooth, won development gains will be sustained, and end with greater efficiency. Leading cadres at all levels should take the lead in respect of law law, abide by, and actively foster Socialist culture, actively promoting the field of multi-level governance according to law, guide the masses and consciously abide by the law, failing to find law, solve the problem by law, in accordance with the law prevail. XXX administration by law of leading cadres do not exist on the rule of law, law enforcement, casual, and vow not to investors, the new scores and other turmoil. These important expositions on my district create good development environment with highly targeted and guidance, especially the General Secretary pointed out that the chaos in my area also exists to varying degrees, some even quite serious. Leading cadres at all levels must improve the development environment of rule of law as a fundamental task, adhere to the problem oriented, solid and solve the problems in the construction of rule of law, to rule the new effect for development environment improvements. To hold key minority. Leaders of this group, although few in number, but the effect is critical. If a local leaders take the lead right according to law, in accordance with the law, the local CPPCC fresh, pragmatic and efficient development environment. Conversely, if a local leaders of ignoring the law, impunity, not only the political environment will be destroyed, will have serious implications for the development environment. Now, some leading cadres lack of awareness on the importance of learning, that learn or not does not matter. Think efficiency is too low too much, act according to the procedure, than an executive order getting along with. In dealing with complex issues, often speak of settling and done; on the issue of handling letters and visits, like to spend money and buy stop and stable, but disregard the law administration, in accordance with the law, the rule2011年煙臺市初中學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)考試物理試題與答案本試題分為卷和卷兩部分，卷為選擇題，卷為非選擇題。試題滿分100分，考試時間90分鐘。卷（選擇題，共20分）注意事項：請考生將自己的姓名、考號、考試科目涂寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)處.選擇題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡題目的確答案標(biāo)號涂黑;如要改動,須用橡皮擦干凈,再選涂其他答案.考試結(jié)束后,只交卷和答題卡.一、 選擇題(每小題的四個選項中,只有一個是正確的.每小題2分,共20分)1.下列自然現(xiàn)象屬于凝華的是A. 春天到了,積雪融化B. 夏天的早晨,草地上出現(xiàn)露珠C. 秋天的早晨,出現(xiàn)大霧D. 初冬的早晨,地面上出現(xiàn)白霜2.如圖1所示,a表示垂直于紙面的一根導(dǎo)體,它是閉合電路的一部分,它在磁場中沿圖示的方向運動時,哪種情況下不會產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電流a a a A B C D圖13.如圖2所示,將刻度尺斜插入水中,從水面上看去,水中尺子的刻度情況A.變得疏了 B.變得密了C.一部分變疏一部分變密 D.疏密沒有變化4如圖3為核電站發(fā)電流程圖.在核電站發(fā)電過程中,能量轉(zhuǎn)化的先后順序是A.核能,化學(xué)能,機械能,電能 B.核能,機械能,內(nèi)能,電能C.核能,內(nèi)能,機械能,電能 D.核能,內(nèi)能,化學(xué)能,電能 5圖4所示的實驗現(xiàn)象所揭示的原理或規(guī)律所對應(yīng)的應(yīng)用技術(shù)不正確的是A B C D圖46在探究凸透鏡成像實驗中,小紅把蠟燭放在凸透鏡前的某一位置時,在透鏡另一側(cè)離透鏡10cm的光屏上得到一個倒立、縮小的清晰的像.當(dāng)她把蠟燭移到距透鏡10cm處時,所成的像是A.倒立縮小的實像 B.倒立放大的實像C.正立放大的虛像 D.倒立放大的實像7.圖5是小明在探究甲、乙、丙三種物質(zhì)質(zhì)量與體積關(guān)系時作出的圖像.分析圖像可知A.甲乙丙 B.甲丙乙 C.丙乙甲 D.乙甲丙V/cm3m/g甲乙丙0 10 20 30 40 505040302010圖5AVPRS圖6甲 乙圖78.在圖6所示的電路中,閉合開關(guān)S,滑動變阻器的滑片向右滑動的過程中,下列說法正確的是A.電流表的示數(shù)變小,電壓表的示數(shù)變小B. 電流表的示數(shù)變小,電壓表的示數(shù)變大C. 電流表的示數(shù)不變,電壓表的示數(shù)變小D. 電流表的示數(shù)變大,電壓表的示數(shù)變大9.圖7所示,甲、乙兩杯鹽水的密度分別為甲、乙.將同一只雞蛋先后放入甲、乙兩杯中,雞蛋在甲杯中處于懸浮狀態(tài),所受浮力為F甲;在乙杯中處于漂浮狀態(tài),所受浮力為F乙.則下列關(guān)系正確的是A. 甲乙B. 甲F乙 D. .F甲F乙10.在不計摩擦和繩子質(zhì)量的情況下,分別使用定滑輪、動滑輪、滑輪組(兩個定滑輪和兩個動滑輪)勻速提升同一物體到同一高度處,其機械效率分別為定、動、組,則下列選項正確的是A.組動定 B. 定動組 C. 動定 D. 定組動卷(非選擇題,共80分)注意事項:1答卷前請將密封線內(nèi)的項目填定清楚.2請在第4頁右下角用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字填上自己考場的座位號.二、填空題(每小題2分,共20分)11.電磁鐵與永磁體相比,其優(yōu)點是：磁性的有無可以通過_來實現(xiàn);磁性的強弱可以通過電流的大小來控制;磁極的極性可以通過_來實現(xiàn).12.比較物體運動快慢的方法通常有兩種(如圖8甲、乙),其中甲是_;乙是_.13.從物理學(xué)角度看,圖9所示的情景說明_.14.立定跳遠是中學(xué)生體育測試項目之一.圖10是立定跳遠時的分解圖.運動員起跳后仍能繼續(xù)向前運動,是因為_;運動員在空中運動過程中,能量轉(zhuǎn)化過程為_.15.圖11為直流電動機模型.直流電動機的工作原理是_.電動機工作時,能夠使線圈平穩(wěn)、連續(xù)不停地轉(zhuǎn)動下去是靠_來實現(xiàn)的.SN16.如圖12所示,四個相同玻璃瓶里裝水,水面高度不同,用嘴貼看瓶口吹氣,如果能分別吹出“1(Do)”、“2(Re)”、“3(Mi)”、“4(Fa)”四個音階,則與這四個音階相對應(yīng)的瓶子的序號是_.17.打開收音機的開關(guān),旋轉(zhuǎn)至沒有電臺的位置,將音量開大.取一節(jié)干電池和一根導(dǎo)線,拿到收音機附近.先將導(dǎo)線的一端與電池的負極相連,再將導(dǎo)線的另一端與正極摩擦,使它們時斷時續(xù)地接觸(圖13).這時,我們從收音機里能聽到“咔咔”的聲音,這說明_.18.一個弧光燈的電阻是5,正常發(fā)光時的功率為500W,若想將它接入220V的電源上,仍使其正常發(fā)光.必須_聯(lián)一個_的電阻.19.兩年的物理學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)束后,小明回憶梳理了有關(guān)“波”的知識,列出了如下的比較表.其中說法錯誤的是_(只填序號).波的種類聲波光波電磁波傳播速度聲波在固、液、氣三種狀態(tài)中的傳播速度相同光波在真空中的傳播速度最快,是3108m/s真空中所有電磁波的傳播速度相同,是3108m/s傳播介質(zhì)聲波的傳播一定需要介質(zhì)光波的傳播不需要介質(zhì)電磁波的傳播一定需要介質(zhì)應(yīng)用舉例超聲波用于清潔物質(zhì)激光掘進引導(dǎo)方向電磁波用于無線電通訊20.如圖14所示,輕質(zhì)杠桿OA中點懸掛重為60N的物體,在A端施加一豎直向上的力F,杠桿在水平位置平衡,則力F的大小是_,保持F的方向不變,將杠桿從A位置勻速提升到B位置的過程中,力F將_(選填“變大”、“變小”或“不變”).三、作圖題(共4分)21.裝卸工人利用斜面將一木箱推到汽車上(如圖15).試在圖中畫出木箱在斜面上所受力的示意圖.四、分析簡答題(22題4分,23題6分,共10分)22.無論是白天還是夜晚,人們漫步在海濱,會感到習(xí)習(xí)海風(fēng)迎面吹拂,十分暢快.這樣的風(fēng)非常柔和,通常情況下,它白天從海上吹向陸地,夜晚從陸地吹向海上(圖16),氣象上把這種風(fēng)稱為“海陸風(fēng)”.請你運用學(xué)過的物理知識說明海陸風(fēng)形成的原因.普通燈泡冒充節(jié)能燈被識破本報12月21日訊:(YMG記者李俊玲 通訊員欒秉鏑)福山市民華先生前幾天在福山某集貿(mào)市場市場外見一中年男子推銷“高效節(jié)能燈”.該男子稱燈泡只有5W,卻能發(fā)出60W的光亮,每只價格3元.許多圍觀的市民在看了他的演示后,紛紛掏錢購買,華先生一下買了5只.昨日,華先生讀初四的兒子小暉回家后,對這個節(jié)能燈產(chǎn)生了疑問.平時喜歡物理的小暉仔細觀察后,認為5W的燈泡燈絲不應(yīng)該這樣粗.他將燈泡拿到街上的電器修理店請維修人員用電流表進行檢測,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)燈泡的功率卻是40W,華先生隨即向工商部門舉報.執(zhí)法人員找到仍在叫賣“節(jié)能燈”的葉姓攤販,經(jīng)詢問,葉某承認賣的是普通燈泡.之前他擦掉了40W字樣,再用專業(yè)工具印上5W的字樣,想利用節(jié)能的概念促銷,沒有想到栽倒在一個較真的初中生手里.23.閱讀上述材料,回答下列問題:(1)為什么“5W的燈泡燈絲不應(yīng)該這樣粗”?(2)請你說明檢測燈泡功率的原理.五、實驗探究題(24題6分,25題5分,26題8分,27題7分,共26分)24.小明利用裝有細沙的盒子、小桌、砝碼、木塊等器材,探究“重力勢能的大小與哪些因素有關(guān)”,其過程如圖17所示(1)小明通過觀察什么來判斷重力勢能的大小?(2)分析比較甲、乙兩圖中的實驗現(xiàn)象,得出的結(jié)論是什么?(3)圖乙和圖丙探究的問題是什么?25.圖18甲為小紅同學(xué)“探究平面鏡成像”的實驗裝置,其中A、B是兩段完全相同的蠟燭,C是平整的白紙,E是玻璃板.(1)將點燃的蠟燭A放在玻璃板前,觀察到玻璃板后有蠟燭的像A.此時在玻璃板后移動蠟燭B使其與像A完全重合.但小紅無論怎樣移動B,始終不能與蠟燭的像A完全重合,你認為造成這種情況的原因可能是什么?(2)發(fā)現(xiàn)問題并改進后,小紅重新做實驗,并在白紙上記錄下多次實驗后像與物對應(yīng)的位置,如圖18乙所示.請你寫出怎樣分析處理實驗室記錄的信息,才能歸納得出實驗結(jié)論.26.利用圖19所示的實物連接電路圖,既可以測定小燈泡的電阻,又可以測定小燈泡的電功率.(1)前者的實驗原理是_;后者的實驗原理是_.(2)小明同學(xué)按實驗原理連接好電路.閉合開關(guān),電流表指針幾乎不動,電壓表指針有明顯偏轉(zhuǎn).然后移動滑動變阻器的滑片,最終,他發(fā)現(xiàn)無論怎樣移動滑片,兩表指針均幾乎不動.請你指出電路的故障.(3)在這兩個實驗中,都要調(diào)整滑動變阻器的滑片.請你說出這一操作的主要目的有什么不同.27.在探究“水的沸騰”的實驗中,甲、乙兩組同學(xué)分別使用A、B兩套裝置(如圖20)來完成實驗.(1)圖21a、b所示的是觀察水沸騰實驗中出現(xiàn)的兩種情景,其中水沸騰時的情景為_(填“a”或“b”)(2)甲組觀察水沸騰時溫度計的示數(shù)如圖22所示,他們所測水的沸點是_.他們所選擇的裝置應(yīng)是_(填A(yù)或B).(3)分析評估A、B兩套裝置.六、應(yīng)用創(chuàng)新題(第28題8分,29題12分,共20分)28.電吹風(fēng)是現(xiàn)代家底常用的電器,圖23是小華家中使用的電吹風(fēng).使用過程中,她發(fā)現(xiàn)電吹風(fēng)既可以吹熱風(fēng),又可以吹冷風(fēng).根據(jù)這個現(xiàn)象她斷定:在電吹風(fēng)中有帶有風(fēng)扇的是電動機和可以發(fā)熱的電熱絲.根據(jù)電吹風(fēng)能夠單獨輸出冷風(fēng)的現(xiàn)象,她認為電動機和電熱絲是并聯(lián)的.圖24是她根據(jù)現(xiàn)象 分析畫出的兩個電路圖.(1)你認為上述兩個電路,哪一個更符合實際情況.(2)小華查看說明書得知,該型號電吹風(fēng)吹熱風(fēng)時的功率為460W,吹冷風(fēng)時的功率為20W,求電吹風(fēng)正常工作且吹熱風(fēng)時,電熱絲的功率、電阻及1min內(nèi)電流通過電熱絲所產(chǎn)生的熱量.29履帶式推土機在松軟和泥濘的作業(yè)環(huán)境下發(fā)揮著巨大的作用.圖25為某品牌履帶式推土機,右下表為其主要參數(shù).根據(jù)表中提供的信息,回答并計算下列問題:品牌履帶式推土機型號NT855-B280長寬高643040353015mm使用質(zhì)量20000kg額定功率169kW額定轉(zhuǎn)速2000rpm履齒高度72mm履帶板寬度900mm履帶接地長度3300mm爬坡能力30前進各檔速度0-3.8-6.8-11.3km/h后退各檔速度0-4.9-8.2-13.6km/h(1)“履帶”的主要作用是什么?“履齒”的主要作用是什么?(2)該推土機靜止時對地面的壓強(g取10N/kg).(3)假若該推土機以額定功率進行推土作業(yè),在平直的場地上以1m/s的速度勻速行駛了5m,求推土機所受的阻力和推土機所做的功.保證的概念：保證人和債權(quán)人約定，當(dāng)債務(wù)人不履行債務(wù)時，保證人按照約定履行債務(wù)或者承擔(dān)責(zé)任的行為。保證人，有代為清償能力的法人、其他組織或者公民，可以作為保證人。法律禁止作為保證人的情形romoting the construction of rule of law, but also the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-abiding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote the field of multi-level governance according to law, promote the continuous improvement of the social environment. To promote universal compliance. Actively foster the rule of law culture, carry out law publicity and education on honesty and trustworthiness, guide the masses and consciously abide by the law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of gradually changing the world, he is not looking for but someone unspoken rules, formed all law law, abide by the good atmosphere. To strengthen the comprehensive management of public security. Deepening peace xingan construction, strongly against violence crime, mafia and serious criminal offences, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, carry out criminal policy of temper justice with mercy, the maximum stimulating social vitality, and earnestly safeguard social harmony and stability. To resolve social conflicts by law. To further smooth channels of reporting social conditions and public opinion, improving regulation, arbitration, as wellGrass-roots governance according to law is an important foundation for promoting the construction of rule of law, but also the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-abiding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote the field of multi-level governance according to law, promote the continuous improvement of the social environment. To promote universal compliance. Actively foster the rule of law culture, carry out law publicity and education on honesty and trustworthiness, guide the masses and consciously abide by the law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of gradually chan