當(dāng)代社會(huì)與文化翻譯練習(xí)與答案word 版.doc

當(dāng)代社會(huì)與文化翻譯練習(xí)與答案（Word 版）Unit 61） 屈原是春秋時(shí)期楚國的大臣。他的才華遭到貴族子蘭的嫉妒，于是被去職趕出都城，流放到外地。公元前278年，秦軍攻破楚國京都，屈原悲傷萬分，抱石投汨羅江而死。屈原死后，楚國百姓哀痛異常，紛紛涌到汨羅江邊去憑吊屈原。漁夫們劃起船只，在江上來來回回，以免魚吃掉屈原的身體。之后，每年五月五日劃龍舟以紀(jì)念這個(gè)事情。1） Qu Yuan is a court official in the Chu Empire during the Spring-and-Autumn Period. His talent aroused envy and hatred of his partner, an aristocrat named Zi Lan, who managed to have Qu Yuan dismissed and expelled out of the capital. Qu yuan had to lead a life of exile. In the year of 278, BC, Chu, his mother country, had been conquered and shattered by another empire, the Qin. Grief-stricken, Qu plunged into the river by clinging himself to a stone and ended his life. People in Chu morned his death, coming to the riverside. The fishermen rowed their boats back and forth, hoping to scare away the fish who they thought might eat their beloved official. In the end, on the 5th of May every year, the practice of rowing dragon boats has persisted to this day to observe the historical event. 2） 包括七夕在內(nèi)的許多中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，都是在農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)上形成的。隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展和社會(huì)的演變，原先孕育這些節(jié)日的環(huán)境起了變化，因此人們也不像以前那樣重視這些節(jié)日了。例如，提起七夕節(jié)，現(xiàn)在的年輕人想到的大多是“鮮花”、“巧克力”、“燭光晚餐”等，幾乎清一色地與西俗情人節(jié)類似，與中國文化傳統(tǒng)關(guān)聯(lián)不大。近年來的節(jié)假日已然變成了消費(fèi)日，城市搞起了形式多樣的促銷，商場打出各種各樣的廣告。2）Chinese festivals, including the Double Seventh Festival, develops on the setting of agricultural society. With the passage of time, social situations have altered greatly and so does the setting from which these festivals arise. As a result, people no longer value these festivals like before. For example, speaking of the Double Seventh Festival, young people mostly associate it with flowers, chocolate, candlelight dinner, which usually characterize Valentines day in the west. That departs a lot from the customs handed down in the Chinese history many centuries ago. In recent years, the festivals have shifted into consumption days in that various promotional activities were launched in midst of dazzling advertisements. Unit 71）黃河，全長5464公里，僅次于長江，是中國第二長的河流。黃河發(fā)源于西藏高原的青海省。它向東流經(jīng)7個(gè)省和兩個(gè)自治區(qū)，最后注入渤海。黃河被稱為 “中華民族的母親河”，也被譽(yù)為“中華文明的搖籃”，因?yàn)辄S河流域是古代中華文明的發(fā)祥地。黃河流域也是中國古代歷史上最繁榮昌盛的地區(qū)。到宋元以前，該地區(qū)一直是中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重心，創(chuàng)造了當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最發(fā)達(dá)的文明。1）The Yellow River, with a length of 5464km, is the second-longest river in China after the Yangtze River. The river originates in Qinghai province on the Plateau of Tibet. It flows eastward crosses six other provinces and two autonomous regions in its course and finally empties into the Bo Hai .The Yellow River is called the “Mother River” of the Chinese People, and is also referred to as “the Cradle of Chinese Civilization”, as its basin was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilizations. It is also the most prosperous and populous region in early Chinese history. Till the Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, the Yellow River basin had always been the center of Chinas economy and had developed the most advanced civilizations in the world then. 2）中外有大量堅(jiān)實(shí)的歷史資料證明中國人民首先發(fā)現(xiàn)了南沙群島，并在島上從事生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)。東漢時(shí)期就有史料記載中國人在島上生活和工作。唐代時(shí)，中國已把南沙群島歸于其行政區(qū)劃地圖。所有史實(shí)證明中國政府一直對群島行使管轄權(quán)。自古以來，南沙群島一直都是中國領(lǐng)土神圣不可分割的一部分。中華人民共和國對這些島嶼及其附近海域擁有無可爭辯的主權(quán)。2）A host of solid historical data，both Chinese and foreign, have proved that it was the Chinese people who were the first to discover and to conduct productive activities on the Nansha Islands. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, historical records account that the Chinese people lived and worked on the islands. In Tang Dynasty, China included the Nansha Islands into its administrative map. All these historical facts demonstrate that it is the Chinese Government that has long exercised sovereignty and jurisdiction over these islands. The Nansha Islands have become an inalienable part of Chinese territory since ancient times. The Peoples Republic of China has indisputable sovereignty over the Nansha Islands and the adjacent waters. Unit 81) 中國菜通常由不止一種原料做成，這是因?yàn)橛昧蠁我徊司蜁?huì)缺少對比，因而很難達(dá)到和諧。通過使用不同的食材、變化的刀工、各種調(diào)料和烹飪方法，使不同顏色、香氣、風(fēng)味、形狀和口感的食物明顯達(dá)到和諧的平衡和對比。陰陽原則支配著中國人生活的方方面面，也是中國廚師做飯的指導(dǎo)性原則。所有的食物也是藥材，一個(gè)人吃的食物與其健康息息相關(guān)。當(dāng)陰陽的力量在體內(nèi)不平衡時(shí)人就會(huì)生病?，F(xiàn)在越來越多的人人已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到營養(yǎng)與健康之間的聯(lián)系。1）Chinese dish is usually made up of more than one ingredient, this is because when a single item is cooked on its own, it lacks contrast and therefore lacks harmony. The harmonious balance and contrast of different colors, aroma, flavors, shapes and textures are achieved by varying the ingredients, cutting techniques, seasonings and cooking methods. Yin-yang principle governs all aspects of Chinese life and it has also been the guiding principle for Chinese cooks. All foods are also medicines, the kind of food one eats is closely relevant to ones health. When the yin-yang forces in the body are not balanced, illness results. Now more and more people have recognized the link between nutrition and health.2)北京制作各種小吃有著悠久的歷史。具有濃郁的地方風(fēng)味，北京小吃吸引了幾乎所有的游客。豆汁（Mung Bean Milk）是北京最著名的小吃之一。它嘗起來酸中帶甜，有種特殊的香味。由于價(jià)格低廉，受到多數(shù)北京人的喜愛。另一種著名的小吃糯米團(tuán)（Sticky Rice Balls）（艾窩窩）是宮廷小吃。它是由糯米作成的潔白如雪的美味。米先蒸再搗碎，做成球的形狀。這種美味的小吃深受明朝皇室和貴族家庭的喜愛, 據(jù)說艾窩窩曾是皇帝的特供。2) Beijing has a time-honored history of producing various kinds of snacks. With strong local flavors, Beijings snacks attract almost all visitors. Mung Bean Milk (Dou Zhi) is one of the most famous Beijing snack. It tastes mostly sour with a flavor of sweetness, and has a peculiar odor. Because of low price, it is welcomed by the majority of Beijing people. Another famous snack, Sticky Rice Balls (Ai Wo Wo), is a court snack. As white as snow, this delicacy is made of sticky rice. The rice is first steamed then pounded and shaped into a ball. This delicious snack became a favorite of imperial and noble families during the Ming Dynasty, it is said that Ai Wo Wo was once emperors special. Unit 101)剪紙是中國最流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)之一。中國的剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史，在明朝和清朝時(shí)期特別流行。剪紙的產(chǎn)生和傳播與中國農(nóng)村的節(jié)日有密切的關(guān)系。在婚禮上或節(jié)日里人們在墻上、窗戶上和門上貼上剪紙以增加喜慶的氣氛。剪紙常用的顏色是紅色，象征健康和興旺。剪紙內(nèi)容豐富，家禽、家 畜、水果和魚都是農(nóng)民描繪的對象。不同地區(qū)的剪紙有不同的特點(diǎn)。陜西的剪紙風(fēng)格簡單而大膽；河北和山西的剪紙色彩鮮亮；而南方各省的剪紙則精美細(xì)致。）Paper-cut is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper-cut has a history of more than 1500 years, and it was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The initiation and spread of paper-cuts had a close relationship with Chinese rural festivals. People pasted paper-cuts on walls, windows and doors at wedding ceremonies or festivals to enhance joyful atmosphere. The color frequently used in paper-cut is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Paper-cuts are rich in content, and domestic birds, livestock, fruit and fish are all objects depicted by farmers. Paper-cuts made in different areas have different characteristics. Shaanxi paper-cuts are simple and bold; paper-cuts from Hebei Province and Shanxi Province are bright in color; while paper-cuts in southern provinces are delicate and fine. 2)大柵欄以古色古香的各種商店而聞名，很多人來這里體驗(yàn)歷史財(cái)富的遺跡。通常每天平均客流量達(dá)到15-16萬，周末和假期增加到超過20萬。雖然這條商業(yè)街有580多年的歷史，但大多數(shù)的古代建筑保存完