考前100天2015中考英語基礎(chǔ)語法（14份打包）（九）動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

（九）動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)01 命題趨勢 考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化近幾年對動詞的時態(tài)考查主要集中在對一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時和現(xiàn)在完成時六種主要的時態(tài)上；對動詞被動語態(tài)的考查主要以一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時的被動語態(tài)和含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)為主。02 定義 概念清晰化動詞的時態(tài)指的是謂語動詞用來表示動作或情況發(fā)生時的各種動詞形式。英語中一共有16種時態(tài)，但在初中階段?？嫉臅r態(tài)有以下9種：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時、過去將來時?？疾橹攸c(diǎn)集中在一般現(xiàn)在時在條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中的用法、終止性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中不能與for，since短語或從句連用、have been to與have gone to的用法以及在具體語境中動詞的用法等。動詞的語態(tài)是表示句子主語與謂語動詞之間關(guān)系的一種動詞形式。英語中的動詞語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者或發(fā)出者，被動語態(tài)表示的主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是中考中的必考內(nèi)容之一，其中考查的重點(diǎn)是一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。03 知識歸類 知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)化動詞的時態(tài)分類圖解分類謂語形式用法一般現(xiàn)在時1.動詞原形2.主語是單數(shù)第三人稱，謂語加-s,-es1.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。2.描述客觀真理、客觀存在或科學(xué)事實(shí)等。3.在時間、條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。一般過去時動詞的過去式1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。2.表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。3.用于虛擬語氣中，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況。一般將來時1.will/shall+動詞原形2.be going to+動詞原形1.be going to和will表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。主語一般是人。2.be going to表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定要發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情。主語可以是人也可以是物。3.在含有時間、條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句是一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時來代替將來時。4.一些表示位移的動詞，如go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start, move等，常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表將來?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞1.表示說話時或目前正在進(jìn)行的動作。2.與always, usually等詞連用，表示贊揚(yáng)、厭惡或不滿的情緒。過去進(jìn)行時was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞表示過去某個時刻或某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+動詞的過去分詞1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。2.表示動作從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)下去，常與“for+時間段”或“since表示過去的時間點(diǎn)或時間段”連用。注意：1.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都可表示過去發(fā)生的動作，但現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果或表示動作從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況；而一般過去時只表示動作發(fā)生在過去，不和現(xiàn)在發(fā)生關(guān)系。2.終止性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，但在否定句中可以和一段時間連用。過去完成時had+動詞的過去分詞1.表示在過去某一時間或某一動作以前發(fā)生或完成的動作，它所表示的動作發(fā)生的時間是“過去的過去”。2.表示從過去某一時間開始并持續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)。過去將來時1.would+動詞原形2.was/were going to+動詞原形，常用于賓語從句中表示在過去看將來要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。特例清單1.在時間、條件和讓步狀語從句中，如果主句謂語動詞是一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：Well have a picnic if it is fine next Sunday.如果下個星期日天氣晴朗，我們將去野餐。Ill call you as soon as I get to Beijing tomorrow.我明天一到北京就給你打電話。2.某些表示起始、往返、出發(fā)、到達(dá)之意的動詞，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示按規(guī)定、計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作(此時一般都有一個表示未來時間的狀語)。這類動詞有：begin, come, go, leave, start, arrive, end, stop, open, close等。如：The meeting begins at 2:00 p.m. tomorrow.這個會議明天下午2點(diǎn)開始。The next train leaves at 7 oclock this evening.下一列火車將在今晚7點(diǎn)離開。3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與always, continually, forever等副詞連用，表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作，這種用法往往表達(dá)說話人的某種感情，如贊揚(yáng)、遺憾、討厭或不滿等。如：The rich woman is always laughing at the poor.這個有錢的夫人總是嘲笑窮人。4.現(xiàn)在完成時中表示短暫動作的動詞不能與for, since等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。如與一段時間連用，要把瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為意思相近的延續(xù)性動詞。常見的變化有：非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞buyhaveborrowkeepopenbe opencloseBe closedbegin/startbe oncomebe heregobe therefinishbe overdiebe deadcatch a coldhave a coldput onwearget upbe upwake upawakefall asleepbe asleeplosenot havejoinbe inleavebe awayarrive/reachbe如：誤:Ive left this school for ten years.正:Ive been away from this school for ten years.【題組訓(xùn)練】一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去時( )1.(2014徐州)What a surprise to see you here! When _ you _back?A.do;get B.did;getC.have;got D.will;get( )2.(2014十堰)Have you finished using my dictionary?Yes，I put it back on your desk just now.Who _ it away?A.will take B.is takingC.took D.has taken( )3.(2014北京)What do you often do at weekends?I often _ my grandparents.A.visit B.visitedC.have visited D.will visit( )4.(2014河南)Are you going anywhere?I _ about visiting my sister，but I have changed my mind.A.think B .have thoughtC.will think D.thought( )5.(2014云南)If there _ no buying and selling of animals，there will be no killing in nature.A.is B.will be C.has D.will have現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與過去進(jìn)行時( )6.(2014十堰)The book store _ a big sale. The books there must be very cheap now.Sounds great. Lets go into it and have a look.A.will have B.hadC.is having D.was having( )7.(2014北京)What were you doing when we were playing basketball yesterday afternoon?I _ the classroom.A.was cleaning B.have cleanedC.will clean D.clean( )8.(2014河北)Someone _ at the door.Can you open it?A.knocks B.knockedC.is knocking D.was knocking( )9.(2014孝感)I was at the cinema at 8 oclock last night.What about you?I _ the Internet at home.A.am surfing B.surfedC.will surf D.was surfing( )10.(2014來賓)Would you mind turning down your music player?Everybody _now!Im sorry.Ill do it right now.A.sleep B.sleptC.is sleeping D.are sleeping一般將來時與過去將來時( )11.(2014河北)Im busy now. I _ to you after school this afternoon.A.talk B.talkedC.will talk D.have talked( )12.(2014天津)Robots _more heavy work for us in the future.A.will do B.didC.have done D.were doing( )13.(2014銅仁)There _ a sports meet in our school next week.A.is B.will haveC.are D.will be( )14.(2014河南)Does this bus go to the beach?No.You _ the wrong way.You want the Number 11.A.go B.were goingC.are going D.would go( )15.(2014麗水)Hurry up! The sky is covered with black clouds. Im afraid it_ .A.rains B.is going to rainC.rained D.was raining現(xiàn)在完成時與過去完成時( )16.(2014寧波)Are you surprised at the ending of the movie?No，because I _ the story.A.read B.will readC.have read D.was reading( )17.(2014濱州)Jim isnt in the classroom.Where is he now?He _ the library.A.will go to B.has been toC.has gone to D.goes to( )18.(2014泰安)Can you find our city _ a lot in recent years?Yes.The road is wider and the buildings are taller.A.has changed B.changesC.changed D.will change( )19.(2014南京)Lily，why are you still here?School is over for half an hour.Because I _ my task yet.I still need one more hour.A.Wont finish B.didnt finishC.havent finished D.hadnt finished( )20.(2014隨州)I wonder when you _ the new watch.Well，I _ it for two weeks.A.have bought;have hadB.bought;have boughtC.bought;have hadD.have bought;have bought被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成分類圖解時態(tài)被動語態(tài)例句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+動詞的過去分詞The flowers are often watered by her.一般過去時was/were+動詞的過去分詞A farm was visited yesterday by us一般將來時will/shall + be+動詞的過去分詞Some trees will be planted this week by her.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are+being+動詞的過去分詞A novel is being read by him.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has been+動詞的過去分詞His rooms have been cleaned by him.過去進(jìn)行時was/were being+動詞的過去分詞His rooms were being cleaned by him then.過去完成時had been+動詞的過去分詞His rooms had been cleaned by him then.過去將來時would/should be+動詞的過去分詞His rooms would be cleaned by him the next day.含情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞Your homework must be finished in time.特例清單1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive等詞作不及物動詞時，它們的主語為物，可用主動語態(tài)表示被動意義。如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly.這種鋼筆寫起來很流暢。The kind of shirts sells well here.這種樣式的襯衫在這里賣得很好。2.look,sound,taste,smell等系動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。如：School uniforms look good on us.我們穿著校服很好看。The cake smells delicious.蛋糕聞起來很香。【題組訓(xùn)練】( )21.(2014北京)A new hospital _ in my town next year.A.builds B.builtC.is built D.will be built( )22.(2014河南)When Tim _ why he was late for school，he just kept silent.A.was asked B.askedC.was asking D.is asked( )23.(2014梅州)I cant understand what the book is about because it _ in English.A.writes B.will writeC.will be written D.is written( )24.(2014鎮(zhèn)江)Dont forget to come to our school assembly(集會)tomorrow morning.I wont. I _ just now.A.reminded B.was remindedC.reported D.was reported( )25.(2014益陽)Have you moved into the new house?Not yet.The rooms_ .A.are painting B.have been paintedC.are being painted幾種特殊的被動語態(tài)的用法分類圖解種類構(gòu)成例句主動語態(tài)中省去to的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，省去的to要加上。The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.含雙賓語的動詞把指人的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時，指物的賓語仍保留在謂語之后；指物的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時，指人的賓語前要加相應(yīng)的介詞。I was given a present.A present was given to me.含短語的動詞短語是“動詞+介詞”或“動詞+副詞”時，變被動語態(tài)時，介詞、副詞不能丟。The young man was sent away from school.【題組訓(xùn)練】( )26.(2014內(nèi)江)The students in this school are made _ school uniforms on Monday.A.to wear B.wearing C.wear D.worn( )27.(2014隨州)Mary was heard _ just now.What happened?Joe was telling her some jokes.A.cry B.laughC.to laugh D .to cry( )28.(2013呼和浩特)If you see the cartoon film，you will _ laugh.A.be made B.be made toC.make to D.make( )29.(2013連云港)Clark，your room is really in a mess. It needs _.Sorry，mum. Ill do it at once.A.clean B.cleanedC.to clean D.to be cleaned( )30.(2012阜康)The old over 90 _ not only by their family but also by the government in many places.A.is looked at B.are taken good care ofC.are taken good care D.is looking after04 整合集訓(xùn) 反饋層級化動詞的時態(tài)( )1.Do you like the skirt?Yes.It _ soft.A.is feeling B.feltC.feels D.is felt( )2.What does your sister like doing in her free time?She _ watching TV.A.likes B.likedC.has liked D.had liked( )3.Do you know if_ back next week? If he _ back,please let me know.A.he comes;will comeB.will he come;comesC.he will come;comesD.will he come;will come( )4.May I see Mr.Lin,please?Well,Im afraid hes not in at the moment.I think he _ back soon.A.came B.has comeC.will be D.was( )5.Look at those big black clouds.It _ rain.Lets hurry.A.must B.willC.would D.is going to( )6.Dont talk loudly here.My little baby_ .A.has gone out B.is sleepingC.sleeps D.went to school( )7.Have you read a book called Jane Eyre?Who _ it?A.writes B.has writtenC.was writing D.wrote( )8.Your e-mail address again? I _ quite catch it.Hul 23 .A.dont B.cantC.didnt D.wont( )9.Oh,Mrs King,your necklace looks nice.Is it new?No,I _it for two years.A.had B.have hadC.bought D.have bought( )10._ to the United States?No,never. But I went to Canada a few years ago.A.Have you been B.Have you goneC.Did you go D.Will you go( )11.Are Li Yan and Wang Mei still living in Ningbo?No,they _ to Shanghai.A.had moved B.movedC.will move D.have moved( )12.Do you know the man over there?Yes.I _ him several times since last month.A.see B.sawC.have seen D.had seen( )13.What do you think of my answer to the question?Sorry.Whats that?I _about something else.A.thought B.am thinkingC.had thought D.was thinking( )14.Amy,I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered the phone.Oh,I _ a walk with my mother at that time.A.take B.tookC.am taking D.was taking( )15.Did you see Henry at the party?No,he _ by the time I got there.A.left B.was leavingC.had left D.has left( )16.What is the weather like today?It is cloudy. And I think it _.A.was raining B.is going to rainC.is raining D.rained( )17.My sister will go to Hainan tomorrow.Ill see her off at the airport.Oh,when_ her plane _?A.did;take off B.does;take offC.has;taken off D.was;taking off( )18.It _ over sixty years since the Peoples Republic of China was founded.A.was B.had beenC.is D.will be( )19.Dont make any noise.We _ to a piece of wonderful music at the moment.A.will listen B.are listeningC.listen D.have listening( )20.I saw her smoking in the restaurant yesterday afternoon.But she seldom_.A.smokes B.had smokedC.smoked D.is smoking( )21.I used to love this film when I was young,but I _ it that way any more.A.dont feel B.didnt feelC.havent felt D.hadnt felt( )22.Was Kate happy to see her old friends yesterday?Yes,she was.She _ them for a long time.A.didnt see B.wouldnt seeC.hasnt seen D.hadnt seen( )23.Has your mother finished her report?Sorry,I dont know.She _ it this morning.A.is writing B.wroteC.writes D.has written( )24.Why are you in such a hurry,Mike?There _ an NBA game in ten minutes.A.will have B.will beC.is going to have D.are going to be( )25.Jenny wants to know if you _ a hiking trip tomorrow.Of course we will.But if it_ ,well visit the Space Museum instead.A.will go on;will rain B.go on;rainsC.will go on;rains D.go on;will rain( )26.Whats that terrible noise?The neighbors _ for a party.A.have prepared B.are preparingC.prepare D.will prepare( )27.When did the meeting begin?At four oclock.It _ for 15 minutes.A.was on B.beganC.has begun D.has been on( )28.Li Kai,hand in your homework,please.Oh,sorry.I _ it at home this morning.A.was leaving B.have leftC.had left D.left( )29.How was your day off?Pretty good! I _ the science museum with my classmates.A.visit B.visitedC.am visiting D.will visit( )30.Where _ you _ lunch?At home.There was no school lunch.A.did；have B.are；havingC.will；have D.do；have動詞的語態(tài)( )31.Boiled water _ for free here in the daytime.A.offer B.offeredC.is offering D.is offered( )32.What a nice room!Yes.It _ every day.A.cleans B.cleanedC.has cleaned D.is cleaned( )33.Dad,please open the door. It_ .OK,dear.I am coming.A.locks B.lockedC.is locked D.was locked( )34.Mrs Johnsons funny story _ by everyone who heard it.A.laughed at B.was laughedC.laughed D.was laughed at( )35.I believe that those mountains _ with trees in a few years.A.are covered B.will be coveredC.are covering D.will cover( )36.Necessary action _ so that students can be safe at school.A.can be taken B.may be takenC.must be taken D.might be taken( )37.Did you go to Jims birthday party?No,I _.A.am not invited B.wasnt invitedC.havent invited D.didnt invite( )38.Please dont stand up in class until you_ .A.were told to B.are told toC.were told D.are told( )39.When _ the car_ ?Sorry,I dont know.A.does;invent B.did;inventC.was;invented D.was;inventing( )40.Do you have any problems if you _ this job?Well,Im thinking about the working time.A.offer B.will offerC.are offered D.will be offered( )41.Students _ not to use mobile phones in our school now.A.ask B.askedC.are asked D.were asked( )42.God,your classroom is so dirty.We