譯林版必修一Unit3SectionⅢGrammar——由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句

1、Section HI Grammar由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句圖解語(yǔ)法脈絡(luò)由關(guān)系代詞引存的限制性定語(yǔ)從句定義U復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句Lwho指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ) 口23h刈指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ) F：，whcse指人或物,在從句中作定語(yǔ)4.which指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)' 5如制指人或物.在從旬中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)代基法系的用關(guān)訶本特殊川法way作先行詞息在定語(yǔ)從句中作方式狀i科時(shí)美系網(wǎng)的確定指物時(shí)|/1先行詞為不定代詞只用ih# L 2.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾不用which，3.先行詞被【he very, thuonly等修飾的情況k4.先行

2、詞既指人乂指物感知語(yǔ)法規(guī)律CDA real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends whom we love.：A real friend is someone who sees our tnje self, not just the face that we show to the world.®Yet these days, the modern tools that

3、 keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday.“Sharing''our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter mos

4、t to us.“Liking''our friend's photos online does not develop the connection which we share.【自主發(fā)現(xiàn)】L句、中的定語(yǔ)從句中使用了關(guān)系代詞皿，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。2 .句中的定語(yǔ)從句使用了關(guān)系代詞whom,在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。此時(shí)，可用 who替換。3 .句、中的定語(yǔ)從句使用了關(guān)系代詞that,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)（句）和賓 語(yǔ)（句）。4 .句、中的定語(yǔ)從句使用了關(guān)系代詞whose,在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ);關(guān)系代 詞whose既可以指人也可以指物。5 .句、中的定語(yǔ)從句使用了關(guān)系代詞wh

5、ich,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)（句）和 賓語(yǔ)（句）。6 .從上面八個(gè)句子可以看出，關(guān)系代詞皿常用來(lái)指代人；關(guān)系代詞which常用 來(lái)指代事物；關(guān)系代詞皿既可以指人也可以指物；關(guān)系代詞whom只能用來(lái)表 示人的賓格：關(guān)系代詞whose用來(lái)表示人或物的所有格。精講語(yǔ)法知識(shí)-一、定語(yǔ)從句的定義在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先 行詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。二、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法1 .that的用法that既可指人也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略。The children that are injured in the car acci

6、dent are being treated in the hospital now. 在車禍中受傷的孩子們正在醫(yī)院接受治療。There is a film （that） I'd like to see.有一部我想去看的電影。2 .which的用法which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。Guilin is a city which has a history of 2, 000 years.桂林是座有2 000年歷史的城市。This is the hotel （which） I stayed at when I was travelling here.這就是我

7、在這兒旅行時(shí)住過(guò)的旅館。3 .who的用法who指人，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。The man who is talking with my father is a policeman.正在與我父親談話的那個(gè)人是警察。The professor (who) you wish to see has gone abroad.你希望見(jiàn)的那位教授出國(guó)了。4 .whom的用法whom指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也可用who代替。The woman whoin/who you saw just now is our English teacher.你剛才看見(jiàn)的那位女士是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。5 .whose的

8、用法(l)whose既可指人也可指物，在從句中修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前 置所有格。This is the woman scientist whose name is known all over the country.這就是那位聞名全國(guó)的女科學(xué)家。He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一個(gè)窗子朝北的房間里。(2) "whose+名詞”可以轉(zhuǎn)化為“the+名詞+ of which/whom”,因?yàn)樵诖私Y(jié)構(gòu) 中whose作前置定語(yǔ)，可以轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞短語(yǔ)of which/whom作后置定語(yǔ)。This is the scie

9、ntist whose name is known all over the country.f This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country.He lives in a house whose door is broken., He lives in a house the door of which is broken.即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1(1)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空The boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.This is the building whos

10、e windows were all painted green.The author whom/who/that you criticized in your review has written a reply.©Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.用定語(yǔ)從句合并句子rd like to take care of the child.Her mother died recently.I'd like to take care of the child whos邑 jnothe匚 ed recently.T

11、he woman is my mother.You are looking after her.,The woman that/who/whor» yoq locking qfter is my mother.©Last week Mary wore the dress.I gave it to her.f Last week Mary wore the dress that/which gave 2 her.三、特殊用法當(dāng)先行詞是way且它在定語(yǔ)從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它后面定語(yǔ)從句的相應(yīng)關(guān)系 詞用that或in which或省略關(guān)系詞。The way (that/in wh

12、ich) you look at the problem is wrong.你看待問(wèn)題的方式是錯(cuò)誤的。即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2單句語(yǔ)法填空®Treat others in the way that_Zin_which/不填 you want to be treated.The reason why/foi which he didn't come was that he was ill.四、關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只用that不用which的情況在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只能用that而不用which的情況：1 .當(dāng)先行詞是 all, little, few, anything, every

13、thing, nothing 等不定代詞時(shí)。The old man tried to write down all that he had gone through in his life.這位老人盡力把他平生經(jīng)歷的事情都寫(xiě)下來(lái)。Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside?能不能給我點(diǎn)兒里面沒(méi)有糖的東西？2 .當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This is the first two-storey bus that runs in our city.這是第一輛運(yùn)行于我市的雙層公交車。Guilin is the

14、 most beautiful city that I have ever visited.桂林是我游覽過(guò)的最美麗的城市。3當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very» the right等修飾時(shí)。This is the very scarf that mother has been looking for.這就是媽媽一直在找的那條圍巾。4 .當(dāng)先行詞既有人乂有物時(shí)。Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain?你能告訴我你在英 國(guó)見(jiàn)到的人和事嗎？包里典統(tǒng)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空That is one of

15、 the most interesting books th/t are sold in the bookshop.The most interesting book that I want to read is HowVs moving castle.The most important thing that we should consider is the first idea that he has mentioned in his speech.©Women who/that drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a g

16、reater chance of having heart disease than those who don't.:Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago?運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法規(guī)則I.單句語(yǔ)法填空1 .The man who/that is talking with my father is a painter.2 .The professor who/that/whom you talked about yesterday has been studying in the us

17、.3 .When the girl studied in England, she lived with a host family whose members always helped her.4 .1 was amazed at the number of people who/that visited the Forbidden City on Saturday.5 .The man is talking about the teachers and things that encouraged him greatly in school.6 .The International Re

18、d Cross is an organization whose purpose is to help the sick and the needy.7 .Do you have anything that is important to tell me?8 .A shop should keep a stock of those goods which/that sell best.9 .Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.10 .The boys who/

19、that are playing football are all on our school team.H.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞補(bǔ)全下面的演講稿，并背誦成文Hello, everyone! It's a great pleasure for me to be here to share my English learning experience with you.1 .As the saying goes, "Interest is the best teacher.So the most important thing 2,that I do is to get myself

20、 interested in English.As a senior student, I get to know how to study and try my best to build up my vocabulary, 3.which is of great importance in understanding all 4.that I read or listen to.That is the reason 5,why every day I will spend some time memorizing key words.In addition, I often find so

21、me skills whenever I do more practice.In a word, if you want to improve your English in high school, you should do lots of practice.Thanks for your listening.I【.補(bǔ)全句子l.She was not on the train which qrrivedl jusow. 她不在剛才到達(dá)的那列火車上。1.1 once lived in the house whosj has faHe& jn.我曾經(jīng)住在這所屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌的房子里。3 .

22、This is the teacher (whom) wgJh©一 library.這就是我們?cè)趫D書(shū)館見(jiàn)到的那個(gè)老師。4 .Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?你知道他們正在討論的事和人嗎？5 .This is the best movie (that) 1've ever seen.這是我看過(guò)的最好的一部電影。IV .語(yǔ)法填空1.present, high school students are under increasing pressure to study long hours

23、 every day.They spend over 8 hours a day studying at school, some of 2. even have to attend extra 3. (class) in their spare time.This greatly affects their health and make their parents and teachers concerned.4. (help) solve the problem, recently, some relevant government departments have made 5.new

24、 regulation(規(guī)定)that no students shall go to school at weekends or during official holidays.We support such a refoim(改革)6.is necessary and important for us students to balance study and 7. (relax).You see, New Year's Day 8.(come), and 111 make good use of the time to relax.Also. I come to realize

25、 that 9.I can rest well, I will be able to study 10.(effective) when I come back to school.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 本文是一篇議論文。作者提到了現(xiàn)在高中生壓力大這一現(xiàn)象，之 后作者建議為學(xué)生提供足夠的時(shí)間休息，并讓學(xué)生們均衡學(xué)習(xí)與放松。1 .At 考查介詞。目前，高中學(xué)生正面臨著越來(lái)越大的壓力。at present目前。故填A(yù)t。2 .whom 考查定語(yǔ)從句。介詞of后用whom指一些學(xué)生。故填whom。3 .classes 考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。class為可數(shù)名詞。故填classes。4 .to help 考查不定式

26、。此處用動(dòng)詞不定式表目的，故填to help。5 .a 考查冠詞。regulation規(guī)定，為可數(shù)名詞；a new regulation 一項(xiàng)新的規(guī)定, 故填a。6 .that/which 考查關(guān)系代詞。此處為that/which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，指代reform ,故填 that/which。7 .relaxation 考查名詞。此處為and連接的兩個(gè)并列的名詞。relax的名詞是 relaxation 休息，故填 relaxation。8 .is coming 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞come用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。故填is coming。9.if 考查連詞。表示假設(shè)，故填if。lO.effecti

27、vely 考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞study用副詞。故填effectively。 援什學(xué)科素養(yǎng)1 .閱讀理解International Horticultural Exhibition 2019 Beijing ChinaAccording to official statistics, over 110 nations and international organizations, over 120 unofficial exhibitors, as well as 31 Chinese provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, toge

28、ther with Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan have established gardens in the Expo Park, each presenting their own distinctive gardening and horticulture（園藝學(xué)）.Main scenic spots include： Core Scenic AreaInternational Pavilion（展館），China Pavilion, Plant Pavilion, Horticultural Experience Pavilion and Guirui Th

29、eater, 12 typical sites, International Horticulture, Chinese Landscape Horticulture, Horticultural Industry Development Belt, Gieat Master's Garden, and Special Gardens.The Exhibition started on April 29 and will end on October 7, 2019, lasting for 162 days and spanning three seasons including s

30、pring, summer and fall.International Horticultural ExhibitionAccording to the International Exhibitions Bureau, the world exposition can be divided into two major categories based on their nature, scale and duration（持續(xù)時(shí) 間）.One is international registered exhibitions, which are also the highest level

31、 of expos globally, such as the Shanghai World Expo 2010.The other is the international recognized exhibitions or specialized expos, such as the International Horticultural Exhibition 2019.A glance at Al-level International Horticultural ExhibitionsThe International Horticultural Exhibition （Al） is

32、a horticultural exhibition of the highest level and gieatest influence with AIPH's appioval and Bureau of Intemational Exposition's recognition.Beijmg is the second Chinese city to hold the Al-level exhibition following Kunming in Yunnan Province.Cities in the following countries have also h

33、eld the highest-level expo in the world： the Netherlands, Austria, Germany, France, Canada, the U.K., Japan, Thailand and Turkey.Among them, the Netherlands has held six AI exhibitions since 1960, followed by Germany, five.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了 2019中國(guó)北京國(guó)際園藝博覽會(huì)的相關(guān)情況。1.Different gardens and pavilions a

34、re established to show.A.the highest level of world expositionB.special skills and cultures in gardeningC.greatest influence on horticultureD.recognition from international organizations答案 B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的".each presenting their own distinctive gardening and horticulture（園藝學(xué)）.”可知,不同的花園和亭子被建立來(lái)展示各具

35、 特色的園藝和園藝學(xué)。故選B。2 .The underlined word “span" is closest in meaning to.A.exploreB. spreadC.includeD.witness答案 C 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“The Exhibition started on.lasting for 162 days” 結(jié)合下文“including spring , summer and fall.n可推斷，展覽包括三個(gè)季節(jié)，故 畫(huà)線詞詞義與include相近。故選C。3 .Which of the following statements is NOT right

36、?A.The International Horticulture Exhibition 2019 lasts over 5 months.8 .Kunming is the first city to hold the Ablevel exhibition in China.C.Germany ranks second in the time of holding Al-level exhibition.D.Only two kinds of world exhibition are held according to the IEB.答案 D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的"Acc

37、ording to the Intemational.their nature , scale and duration（持續(xù)時(shí)間）”可知，有兩大類，不是僅有兩類，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò) 誤，故選D。BIt doesn't interest me what you do fbr a living.I want to know what you're eager for, and if you dare to dieam of meeting your heart's desire.It doesn't interest me how old you are.I want to

38、know if you will risk looking like a fool for love, for your dream, for the adventure of being alive.It doesn't interest me what planets are squaring your moon.I want to know if you have touched the center of your own sorrow, if you have been opened by lifers betrayals（背 叛）or have become depress

39、ed and closed from fear of further pain! I want to know if you can sit with pain, mine or your own, without moving to hide it or fade it* or fix it.I want to know if you can be with joy, mine or your own, if you can dance with wildness and let the wild joy fill you to the tips of your fingers and to

40、es without warning us to be careful, to be realistic, to remember the limitations of being human. It doesn't interest me if the stoiy you are telling me is true.I want to know if you can disappoint another to be true to yourself： if you can bear the scolding of betrayal and not betray your own s

41、oul； if you can be faithless and therefore trustworthy.! want to know if you can see beauty even when it's not pretty every day, and if you can gain your own life from its presence.I want to know if you can live with failure, yours and mine, and still stand on the edge of the lake and shout to t

42、he silver of the full moon, “"while failed.It doesn't interest me to know where you live or how much money you have.I want to know if you can get up, after the night of sorrow and despair, tired and hurt to the bone, and do what needs to be done to feed the children.It doesn't interest

43、me who you know or how you came here.I want to know if you will stand in the center of the fire with me and not shrink（退縮）back.It doesn't interest me where or what or with whom you have studied.I want to know what makes you continue from the inside when all else is away.I want to know if you can

44、 be alone with yourself, and if you truly like the company（伙伴）you keep in the empty moments.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】作者通過(guò)詩(shī)歌告訴讀者：夢(mèng)想在生活中的重要性。4.The author repeats the sentence “It doesn't interest me. ” to.A.arouse interest and emphasize his opinionB.present his opinions one after anotherC.show his disinterest in oth

45、erslife attitudeD.display his excellent writing skills答案A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)每一段開(kāi)頭的“It doesiVt interest me”可知，重復(fù)這個(gè)句子是為了引起讀者的興趣，強(qiáng)調(diào)作者的觀點(diǎn)。故選A。5 .The missing sentence in paragraph 4 can be.A.No, it's not fail；B.No, it can't be true.C.Yes, I can!D.Yes, nothing is impossible!答案C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)句意：我想知道，你能否身處頹境,卻依然站立

46、在 湖邊對(duì)看銀色的月光喊一聲“是的,我能行”！也就是說(shuō)面對(duì)失敗，說(shuō)我能行。故選C。6 .The author may agree with the following opinions EXCEPT.A.Even if you're laughed at, you'll explore the possibilities of life.B.Even if you suffer a lot, you can live with suffering and still enjoy life.C.Even if you are betrayed, you still like th

47、e company you have kept.D.Even if you experience pain and sorrow, you still bear your responsibilities.答案 C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的"I want to know if you have touched.from fear of further pain ! ”可知，作者不會(huì)同意“即使你被背叛，你仍然喜歡你的同 伴?！惫蔬xC。CJimmy is an automotive mechanic （汽車修理技工），but he lost his job a few months ag

48、o.He has a good heart, but always feared applying for a new job.One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.His appointment was at 10 a.m.and it was already 8： 30.While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man w

49、ildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand.When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service.Jimmy said there was no need to pay him； he just helped someone in need

50、, and he had to rush for an interview.Then the old man said, uWell, I could take you to the office for your interview.It's the least I could do.Please, I insist.n Jimmy agreed.Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed.Jimmy still had some grease （油漬）on him aft

51、er the car repair»but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt.One by one, the applicants left the interviewer's office with disappointed looks on their faces.Finally his name was called.The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window.Rocking

52、the chair back and forth, he asked, “Do you really need to be interviewed?'' Jimmy's heart sank. uWith the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview? ” He thought to himself.Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy's surprise, it was the old man he helped ear

53、lier in the morning.lt turned out that he was the General Manager of the company.u Sorry I had to keep you waiting t but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce （職工）before you even stepped into this office.I just know you'd be a trustworthy worker.Congiat

54、iilations! ” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要描述了已失業(yè)數(shù)月的汽車技工Jimmy ,在一次去面試的途中幫助一位老者修好了汽車,在面試時(shí)意外發(fā)現(xiàn)老者 竟是該公司的總經(jīng)理。Jimmy的熱心腸得到總經(jīng)理的賞識(shí)，因此使他順利地得 到了一份工作。7 .What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?A.A friend's car had a fla

55、t tyre.8 .A wild man was pushing a car.C.A terrible car accident happened.D.A11 old man's car broke down.答案 D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.可知,此處只是說(shuō) 老人的車拋錨了，具體什么問(wèn)題，文章未提到。故選D。8 .How did Jimmy feel on hearing

56、the interviewees question?A.He was sorry for the other applicants.9 .There was no hope for him to get the job.C.He regretted helping the old man.D.The interviewer was very rude.答案B |細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)老人的問(wèn)題“你確實(shí)需要面試嗎？ ”及Jimmy的 所想 With the way I look now f how could I possibly pass this interview ?可知，以 他當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)，他無(wú)

57、法通過(guò)面試。故選B。10 What can we learn from Jimmy's experience?A.Where there's a will, there's a way.B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.C.Good is rewarded with good.D.Two heads are better than one.答案C 推理判斷題。Jimmy在應(yīng)聘途中無(wú)償?shù)貛椭睦先苏撬ッ嬖嚬?的總經(jīng)理，而后他被提供了那份工作。從這個(gè)故事中我們不難意識(shí)到：C項(xiàng)，善 有善報(bào)(Good is rewarded wi

58、th good)o A項(xiàng)“有志者,事竟成”；B項(xiàng)“患難見(jiàn)真 情”；D項(xiàng)“三個(gè)臭皮匠頂個(gè)諸葛亮”。故選C。 山.七選五Camping TipsCamping offers the quietness of escape. L Because exercise and the beauty of nature can help people relax from their busy life.Wliether youhe ill the woods, in the desert, or climbing mountains, you'll want to keep some survival skills in mind to make sure of a safe trip.2_ Different terrains （地勢(shì)）carry different challenges.For example» putting