基于單片機(jī)的光立方設(shè)計(jì)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上XXXX大學(xué)本科課程設(shè)計(jì) 題 目 : 基于單片機(jī)的光立方設(shè)計(jì) 姓 名 : 學(xué) 號: 院（系）: 專業(yè)、年級: 指導(dǎo)教師: 二XX年X月專心-專注-專業(yè)一、 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)在當(dāng)今信息化社會的高速發(fā)展過程中，大屏幕顯示已經(jīng)從公共信息展示等商業(yè)應(yīng)用向 消費(fèi)類多媒體應(yīng)用滲透。新型的大屏幕要求顯示畫面色彩鮮艷，立體感強(qiáng)，靜如油畫，動如電影，這些設(shè)計(jì)廣泛應(yīng)用于交通運(yùn)輸、車站、商場、醫(yī)院、賓館、證券市場、工業(yè)企業(yè)管理等公共場所。本設(shè)計(jì)旨在利用人眼視覺暫留的特點(diǎn)，通過AT89C52單片機(jī)控制一個(gè)由64盞LED燈組成的四層光立方模擬3D顯示效果，實(shí)現(xiàn)三維顯示。該光立方具有以下功能：1）能單獨(dú)

2、點(diǎn)亮每一個(gè)LED燈；2）能點(diǎn)亮任意一條線上的LED燈；3）能同時(shí)點(diǎn)亮任意一個(gè)面上的LED燈；4）能同時(shí)點(diǎn)亮所有的LED燈；5）能讓LED燈自由亮滅，產(chǎn)生不同的顯示效果。二、 設(shè)計(jì)方案1、單片機(jī)資源分配情況將LED光立方分成4層，分別由單片機(jī)的P2.0，P2.1，P2.2，P2.3，四個(gè)IO口來控制每一層，由于采用的是共陽極所以當(dāng)層電位為高電平有效，由P0口和P1的總共16個(gè)IO口來控制每層的16盞燈，低電平有效，P0口加上拉排阻。這樣就可以通過控制IO口的輸出電平來控制每盞燈的亮滅。2、系統(tǒng)框圖本系統(tǒng)主要由時(shí)鐘電路、復(fù)位電路、LED光立方電路組成；時(shí)鐘電路和復(fù)位電路作為單片機(jī)輸入，LED光立方

3、電路作為單片機(jī)輸出，顯示出控制結(jié)果如圖2- 1所示。時(shí)鐘電路：單片機(jī)的各個(gè)功能部件的運(yùn)行都是以時(shí)鐘控制信號為基準(zhǔn)，一拍一拍的工作。因此時(shí)鐘頻率直接影響單片機(jī)的速度，時(shí)鐘電路的質(zhì)量也直接影響單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)的可靠性和穩(wěn)定性。常用的時(shí)鐘電路設(shè)計(jì)為內(nèi)部時(shí)鐘方式，單片機(jī)內(nèi)部有一個(gè)由反向放大器構(gòu)成的振蕩電路，芯片上的XTAL1和XTAL2分別為振蕩電路的輸入和輸出端。只要在這兩個(gè)引腳上接一個(gè)石英晶體振蕩器和兩個(gè)微調(diào)電容就構(gòu)成內(nèi)部方式的振蕩器電路，由振蕩器產(chǎn)生自激振蕩，便構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的振蕩信號發(fā)生器。復(fù)位電路：通過某種方式，使單片機(jī)內(nèi)部各類寄存器的值變?yōu)槌跏紶顟B(tài)的操作稱為復(fù)位，復(fù)位主要通過外部電路實(shí)現(xiàn)。常見的復(fù)

4、位電路包括上電復(fù)位、手動按鍵復(fù)位和看門狗復(fù)位三種方式，本次設(shè)計(jì)綜合采用上電復(fù)位方式和按鍵復(fù)位方式。圖2- 2系統(tǒng)框圖3、程序流程本項(xiàng)目的程序設(shè)計(jì)主要包括延時(shí)程序、顯示程序兩個(gè)子程序。顯示程序：主要是在得到當(dāng)前控制燈的位置后，通過控制與它相連的陰陽兩端的引腳電平，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對燈的亮滅進(jìn)行控制。延時(shí)程序：由于顯示程序不能控制燈持續(xù)點(diǎn)亮，達(dá)不到顯示效果，我們需要增加延時(shí)程序來延長顯示時(shí)間從而達(dá)到顯示效果。如圖2-2所示單片機(jī)復(fù)位以后，程序開始運(yùn)行，獲取到要顯示的LED所在的層和列然后調(diào)用顯示子程序點(diǎn)亮LED燈，通過延時(shí)程序進(jìn)行短暫延時(shí)后繼續(xù)獲取下一個(gè)要顯示的LED燈的所在的層和列。圖2- 3程序流程圖

5、三、 工作原理利用單片控制LED點(diǎn)陣顯示的原理和控制技術(shù)，來控制光立方顯示。即通過編寫程序控制不同LED的亮滅，來顯示不同的內(nèi)容。由于人眼的具有視覺暫留的特性，設(shè)置每幅畫面的延遲時(shí)間可以使連續(xù)的一系列畫面呈現(xiàn)動態(tài)。最終達(dá)到所要顯示的內(nèi)容。每個(gè)燈都是由層控制端（共陽極）和列控制端決定亮或滅。如圖3-1 a所示，將光立方分成四層，每一層有一個(gè)單片機(jī)引腳作為層控制端與之相連，設(shè)計(jì)成共陽極。如圖3-1 b所示每層光立方有16盞燈，而這16盞燈又分別與單片機(jī)的P0、P1兩個(gè)IO口組共16個(gè)IO口相連，這樣就能很好地控制每一盞燈的亮滅。圖3-1 光立方結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖：a 四層光立方分布結(jié)構(gòu)，b 光立方每層的L

6、ED分布在三維光立方中采用動態(tài)掃描顯示，這種顯示方式巧妙地利用了人眼的視覺暫留特性。將連續(xù)的幾幀畫面高速的循環(huán)顯示，只要幀速率高于24幀/秒，人眼看起來就是一個(gè)完整的，相對靜止的畫面。最典型的例子就是電影放映機(jī)。在電子領(lǐng)域中，因?yàn)檫@種動態(tài)掃描顯示方式極大的縮減了發(fā)光單元的信號線數(shù)量，因此在LED顯示技術(shù)中被廣泛使用。圖3-2描述了將光立方某個(gè)側(cè)面對角線點(diǎn)亮的過程圖3-2光立方某個(gè)側(cè)面對角線點(diǎn)亮的過程四、 結(jié)果分析本次設(shè)計(jì)完成了對光立方的系統(tǒng)框架和基本電路的設(shè)計(jì)，最終通過編寫代碼使光立方產(chǎn)生了不錯(cuò)的顯示效果，基本完成了設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)中的不同要求，但是仍然存在單獨(dú)點(diǎn)亮一盞燈亮度不夠等等問題。經(jīng)過與老師和

7、同學(xué)針對這些問題的探討我們得出了與這些問題相關(guān)的一些分析：1）實(shí)際做成的光立方單獨(dú)一盞燈點(diǎn)亮?xí)r，亮度很高，而點(diǎn)亮一個(gè)面時(shí)亮度明顯不夠分析：這主要是因?yàn)檫@次設(shè)計(jì)對于LED燈采取的是共陽極的方式，所以用單片機(jī)一個(gè)引腳的電壓帶動一個(gè)面進(jìn)行顯示肯定是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，經(jīng)過思考，我覺得將設(shè)計(jì)改為共陰極的可能會顯示效果更好。2）光立方有一盞燈總是與設(shè)計(jì)程序不符合（該亮的時(shí)候是滅的，而該滅的時(shí)候又是亮的）分析：這可能是由于在焊接過程中，將這個(gè)LED燈的陰極和陽極剛好接反了，于是顯示結(jié)果剛好相反。3）點(diǎn)亮側(cè)面的燈時(shí)，出現(xiàn)的是該面的燈按層輪換分析：這可能是由于延時(shí)程序設(shè)計(jì)的不合理，導(dǎo)致畫面顯示不流暢，修改延時(shí)程序，再

8、進(jìn)行調(diào)試后正常顯示。五、 實(shí)物照片如圖5-1所示是光立方設(shè)計(jì)底座，其中藍(lán)色方框中為單片機(jī)的最小系統(tǒng)，包括單片機(jī)和晶振電路以及復(fù)位電路，紅色方框中為LED列控制端，燈座的引腳分別與單片機(jī)的P0、P1的16個(gè)IO口相連。圖5-2展示的是最終的顯示效果。圖5- 1光立方底座圖5- 2最終顯示效果六、 附：1、元件清單表 1元件清單名稱數(shù)量LED燈70個(gè)AT89C521片按鍵1個(gè)102排阻1個(gè)100歐電阻16個(gè)20pF瓷片電容2個(gè)12MHz晶振1個(gè)10uF電容1個(gè)10K電阻1個(gè)1K電阻1個(gè)2、電路圖圖7.2- 1光立方整體電路圖7.2- 2單片機(jī)圖7.2- 3時(shí)鐘電路圖7.2- 4復(fù)位電路3、軟件清單

9、#include<STC15.H>#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned intuchar num,DELAY=100;sbit H1=P34;sbit H2=P35;sbit H3=P36;sbit H4=P37;sbit L1=P20;sbit L2=P21;sbit L3=P22;sbit L4=P23;sbit L5=P24;sbit L6=P25;sbit L7=P26;sbit L8=P27;sbit L9=P10;sbit L10=P11;sbit L11=P12;sbit L12=P13;sbit L13=P

10、14;sbit L14=P15;sbit L15=P16;sbit L16=P17;uchar code tab=0xfF,0xfF,0xfF,0xfF,0xfF,0xfF,0xfF,0xfF,/*"未命名文件",0*/* (4 X 4 ) */;uchar code tab1=0x0f,0x00,0x0f,0x00,0x0f,0x00,0x0f,0x00,0xf0,0x00,0xf0,0x00,0xf0,0x00,0xf0,0x00,0x00,0x0f,0x00,0x0f,0x00,0x0f,0x00,0x0f,0x00,0xf0,0x00,0xf0,0x00,0xf0,

11、0x00,0xf0,;/* 延時(shí)函數(shù)/*/void delay (uint a) / 用于點(diǎn)掃描的延時(shí)unsigned int i;while( -a != 0)for(i = 0; i < 1; i+); /* 面1/*/void mian1(uchar d,uchar e)uchar i;H2=0;H3=0;H4=0;i = d & 0x01; if(i = 0x01)H1 = 1;L1 = 0;delay(DELAY);H1 = 0;L1 =1;i = d & 0x02;if(i = 0x02)H1 = 1;L2 = 0;delay(DELAY);H1 = 0;L2

12、 =1;i = d & 0x04;if(i = 0x04)H1 = 1;L3 = 0;delay(DELAY);H1 = 0;L3 =1;i = d & 0x08;if(i = 0x08)H1 = 1;L4 = 0;delay(DELAY);H1 = 0;L4 =1;i = d & 0x10;if(i = 0x10)H1 = 1;L5 = 0;delay(DELAY);H1 = 0;L5 =1;i = d & 0x20;if(i = 0x20)H1 = 1;L6 = 0;delay(DELAY);H1 = 0;L6 =1;i = d & 0x40;if(

13、i = 0x40)H1 = 1;L7 = 0;delay(DELAY);H1 = 0;L7 =1;i = d & 0x80;if(i = 0x80)H1 = 1;L8 = 0;delay(DELAY);H1 = 0;L8 =1;i = e & 0x01;if(i = 0x01)H1 = 1;L9 = 0;delay(DELAY);H1 = 0;L9 =1;i = e & 0x02;if(i = 0x02)H1 = 1;L10 = 0;delay(DELAY);H1 = 0;L10 =1;i = e & 0x04;if(i = 0x04)H1 = 1;L11 =

14、0;delay(DELAY);H1 = 0;L11 =1;i = e & 0x08;if(i = 0x08)H1 = 1;L12 = 0;delay(DELAY);H1 = 0;L12 =1;i = e & 0x10;if(i = 0x10)H1 = 1;L13 = 0;delay(DELAY);H1 = 0;L13 =1;i = e & 0x20;if(i = 0x20)H1 = 1;L14 = 0;delay(DELAY);H1 = 0;L14 =1;i = e & 0x40;if(i = 0x40)H1 = 1;L15 = 0;delay(DELAY);H

15、1 = 0;L15 =1;i = e & 0x80;if(i = 0x80)H1 = 1;L16 = 0;delay(DELAY);H1 = 0;L16 =1;/* 面2/*/void mian2(uchar d,uchar e)uchar i;H1=0;H3=0;H4=0;i = d & 0x01; if(i = 0x01)H2 = 1;L1 = 0;delay(DELAY);H2 = 0;L1 = 1;i = d & 0x02;if(i = 0x02)H2 = 1;L2 = 0;delay(DELAY);H2 = 0;L2 = 1;i = d & 0x04;

16、if(i = 0x04)H2 = 1;L3 = 0;delay(DELAY);H2 = 0;L3 = 1;i = d & 0x08;if(i = 0x08)H2 = 1;L4 = 0;delay(DELAY);H2 = 0;L4 = 1;i = d & 0x10;if(i = 0x10)H2 = 1;L5 = 0;delay(DELAY);H2 = 0;L5 = 1;i = d & 0x20;if(i = 0x20)H2 = 1;L6 = 0;delay(DELAY);H2 = 0;L6 = 1;i = d & 0x40;if(i = 0x40)H2 = 1;L

17、7 = 0;delay(DELAY);H2 = 0;L7 = 1;i = d & 0x80;if(i = 0x80)H2 = 1;L8 = 0;delay(DELAY);H2 = 0;L8 = 1;i = e & 0x01;if(i = 0x01)H2 = 1;L9 = 0;delay(DELAY);H2 = 0;L9 = 1;i = e & 0x02;if(i = 0x02)H2 = 1;L10 = 0;delay(DELAY);H2 = 0;L10 = 1;i = e & 0x04;if(i = 0x04)H2 = 1;L11 = 0;delay(DELAY

18、);H2 = 0;L11 = 1;i = e & 0x08;if(i = 0x08)H2 = 1;L12 = 0;delay(DELAY);H2 = 0;L12 = 1;i = e & 0x10;if(i = 0x10)H2 = 1;L13 = 0;delay(DELAY);H2 = 0;L13 = 1;i = e & 0x20;if(i = 0x20)H2 = 1;L14 = 0;delay(DELAY);H2 = 0;L14 = 1;i = e & 0x40;if(i = 0x40)H2 = 1;L15 = 0;delay(DELAY);H2 = 0;L15

19、 = 1;i = e & 0x80;if(i = 0x80)H2 = 1;L16 = 0;delay(DELAY);H2 = 0;L16 = 1;/* 面3/*/void mian3(uchar d,uchar e)uchar i;H2=0;H1=0;H4=0;i = d & 0x01; if(i = 0x01)H3 = 1;L1 = 0;delay(DELAY);H3 = 0;L1 = 1;i = d & 0x02;if(i = 0x02)H3 = 1;L2 = 0;delay(DELAY);H3 = 0;L2 = 1;i = d & 0x04;if(i =

20、0x04)H3 = 1;L3 = 0;delay(DELAY);H3 = 0;L3 = 1;i = d & 0x08;if(i = 0x08)H3 = 1;L4 = 0;delay(DELAY);H3 = 0;L4 = 1;i = d & 0x10;if(i = 0x10)H3 = 1;L5 = 0;delay(DELAY);H3 = 0;L5 = 1;i = d & 0x20;if(i = 0x20)H3 = 1;L6 = 0;delay(DELAY);H3 = 0;L6 = 1;i = d & 0x40;if(i = 0x40)H3 = 1;L7 = 0;d

21、elay(DELAY);H3 = 0;L7 = 1;i = d & 0x80;if(i = 0x80)H3 = 1;L8 = 0;delay(DELAY);H3 = 0;L8 = 1;i = e & 0x01;if(i = 0x01)H3 = 1;L9 = 0;delay(DELAY);H3 = 0;L9 = 1;i = e & 0x02;if(i = 0x02)H3 = 1;L10 = 0;delay(DELAY);H3 = 0;L10 = 1;i = e & 0x04;if(i = 0x04)H3 = 1;L11 = 0;delay(DELAY);H3 =

22、0;L11 = 1;i = e & 0x08;if(i = 0x08)H3 = 1;L12 = 0;delay(DELAY);H3 = 0;L12 = 1;i = e & 0x10;if(i = 0x10)H3 = 1;L13 = 0;delay(DELAY);H3 = 0;L13 = 1;i = e & 0x20;if(i = 0x20)H3 = 1;L14 = 0;delay(DELAY);H3 = 0;L14 = 1;i = e & 0x40;if(i = 0x40)H3 = 1;L15 = 0;delay(DELAY);H3 = 0;L15 = 1;i

23、= e & 0x80;if(i = 0x80)H3 = 1;L16 = 0;delay(DELAY);H3 = 0;L16 = 1;/* 面4/*/void mian4(uchar d,uchar e)uchar i;H2=0;H3=0;H1=0;i = d & 0x01; if(i = 0x01)H4 = 1;L1 = 0;delay(DELAY);H4 = 0;L1 = 1;i = d & 0x02;if(i = 0x02)H4 = 1;L2 = 0;delay(DELAY);H4 = 0;L2 = 1;i = d & 0x04;if(i = 0x04)H4

24、 = 1;L3 = 0;delay(DELAY);H4 = 0;L3 = 1;i = d & 0x08;if(i = 0x08)H4 = 1;L4 = 0;delay(DELAY);H4 = 0;L4 = 1;i = d & 0x10;if(i = 0x10)H4 = 1;L5 = 0;delay(DELAY);H4 = 0;L5 = 1;i = d & 0x20;if(i = 0x20)H4 = 1;L6 = 0;delay(DELAY);H4 = 0;L6 = 1;i = d & 0x40;if(i = 0x40)H4 = 1;L7 = 0;delay(DE

25、LAY);H4 = 0;L7 = 1;i = d & 0x80;if(i = 0x80)H4 = 1;L8 = 0;delay(DELAY);H4 = 0;L8 = 1;i = e & 0x01;if(i = 0x01)H4 = 1;L9 = 0;delay(DELAY);H4 = 0;L9 = 1;i = e & 0x02;if(i = 0x02)H4 = 1;L10 = 0;delay(DELAY);H4 = 0;L10 = 1;i = e & 0x04;if(i = 0x04)H4 = 1;L11 = 0;delay(DELAY);H4 = 0;L11 =

26、 1;i = e & 0x08;if(i = 0x08)H4 = 1;L12 = 0;delay(DELAY);H4 = 0;L12 = 1;i = e & 0x10;if(i = 0x10)H4 = 1;L13 = 0;delay(DELAY);H4 = 0;L13 = 1;i = e & 0x20;if(i = 0x20)H4 = 1;L14 = 0;delay(DELAY);H4 = 0;L14 = 1;i = e & 0x40;if(i = 0x40)H4 = 1;L15 = 0;delay(DELAY);H4 = 0;L15 = 1;i = e &am

27、p; 0x80;if(i = 0x80)H4 = 1;L16 = 0;delay(DELAY);H4 = 0;L16 = 1;void cube4(uchar j,uchar k,uchar f)switch(j)case 0:mian1(k,f);break;case 1:mian2(k,f);break;case 2:mian3(k,f);break;case 3:mian4(k,f);break;void all()uint p,m;/從上往下for(num=0;num<4;num+)for(p=0;p<50;p+)cube4(num,tab2*num,tab2*num+1)

28、;/*for(num=0;num<16;num+)/面選擇for(m=0;m<30;m+) /一個(gè)面的停留時(shí)間for(p=0;p<10;p+) /掃描一行的次數(shù)cube4(num%4,tab12*num,tab12*num+1);/對4求余，取0-3面*/從后向前for(p=0;p<50;p+)cube4(0,0x0f,0x00);cube4(1,0x0f,0x00);cube4(2,0x0f,0x00);cube4(3,0x0f,0x00);for(p=0;p<50;p+)cube4(0,0xf0,0x00);cube4(1,0xf0,0x00);cube4(2

29、,0xf0,0x00);cube4(3,0xf0,0x00);for(p=0;p<50;p+)cube4(0,0x00,0x0f);cube4(1,0x00,0x0f);cube4(2,0x00,0x0f);cube4(3,0x00,0x0f);for(p=0;p<50;p+)cube4(0,0x00,0xf0);cube4(1,0x00,0xf0);cube4(2,0x00,0xf0);cube4(3,0x00,0xf0);/從左往右for(p=0;p<50;p+)cube4(0,0x11,0x11);cube4(1,0x11,0x11);cube4(2,0x11,0x11

30、);cube4(3,0x11,0x11);for(p=0;p<50;p+)cube4(0,0x22,0x22);cube4(1,0x22,0x22);cube4(2,0x22,0x22);cube4(3,0x22,0x22);for(p=0;p<50;p+)cube4(0,0x44,0x44);cube4(1,0x44,0x44);cube4(2,0x44,0x44);cube4(3,0x44,0x44);for(p=0;p<50;p+)cube4(0,0x88,0x88);cube4(1,0x88,0x88);cube4(2,0x88,0x88);cube4(3,0x88,

31、0x88);/豎向移動for(num=0;num<4;num+)for(p=0;p<50;p+)cube4(num,0x11,0x11);for(num=0;num<4;num+)for(p=0;p<50;p+)cube4(3-num,0x22,0x22);for(num=0;num<4;num+)for(p=0;p<50;p+)cube4(num,0x44,0x44);for(num=0;num<4;num+)for(p=0;p<50;p+)cube4(3-num,0x88,0x88);/從上往下 從下往上for(m=0;m<3;m+)f

32、or(num=0;num<4;num+)for(p=0;p<20;p+)cube4(num,tab2*num,tab2*num+1);for(num=0;num<4;num+)for(p=0;p<20;p+)cube4(3-num,tab2*num,tab2*num+1);/豎條移動for(m=0;m<100;m+)for(num=0;num<4;num+)for(p=0;p<1;p+)cube4(num,0x01,0x00);for(m=0;m<100;m+)for(num=0;num<4;num+)for(p=0;p<1;p+)c

33、ube4(num,0x02,0x00);for(m=0;m<100;m+)for(num=0;num<4;num+)for(p=0;p<1;p+)cube4(num,0x04,0x00);for(m=0;m<100;m+)for(num=0;num<4;num+)for(p=0;p<1;p+)cube4(num,0x08,0x00);for(m=0;m<100;m+)for(num=0;num<4;num+)for(p=0;p<1;p+)cube4(num,0x80,0x00);for(m=0;m<100;m+)for(num=0;n

34、um<4;num+)for(p=0;p<1;p+)cube4(num,0x40,0x00);for(m=0;m<100;m+)for(num=0;num<4;num+)for(p=0;p<1;p+)cube4(num,0x20,0x00);for(m=0;m<100;m+)for(num=0;num<4;num+)for(p=0;p<1;p+)cube4(num,0x10,0x00);for(m=0;m<100;m+)for(num=0;num<4;num+)for(p=0;p<1;p+)cube4(num,0x00,0x01);for(m=0;m<100;m+)for(num=0;num<4;num+)for(p=0;p<1;p+)cube4(num,0x00,0x02);for(m=0;m<1