交流接觸器的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)

1、畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)題 目： 交流接觸器的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)院系： 電氣信息學(xué)院 專業(yè)：電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化 班級(jí)： 學(xué)號(hào)學(xué)生姓名：導(dǎo)師姓名：完成日期：誠(chéng) 信 聲 明本人聲明：1、本人所呈交的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）是在老師指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的研究工作及取得的研究成果；2、據(jù)查證，除了文中特別加以標(biāo)注和致謝的地方外，畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）中不包含其他人已經(jīng)公開(kāi)發(fā)表過(guò)的研究成果，也不包含為獲得其他教育機(jī)構(gòu)的學(xué)位而使用過(guò)的材料；3、我承諾，本人提交的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）中的所有內(nèi)容均真實(shí)、可信。作者簽名： 日期： 年 月 日畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書題目： 交流接觸器的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì) 姓名 院系 電氣信息學(xué)院 專業(yè) 電氣工

2、程及其自動(dòng)化 班級(jí) 學(xué)號(hào)指導(dǎo)老師 職稱 講師 教研室主任一、 基本任務(wù)及要求：1電器制造系統(tǒng)計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)化概論；2零部件信息描述和分類編碼；3交流接觸器CAPP。二、 進(jìn)度安排及完成時(shí)間：1、 第一周至第三周：明確課題任務(wù)及要求，搜集課題所需資料，掌握資料查閱方法，了解本課題研究現(xiàn)狀、存在問(wèn)題及研究的實(shí)際意義。2、 第三周：查閱相關(guān)資料，自學(xué)相關(guān)內(nèi)容，確定課題總體方案，分配課題任務(wù)， 確定個(gè)人研究重點(diǎn)，做好選題報(bào)告。3、 第四周至第五周：根據(jù)自己研究的方向，確定自己的總體設(shè)計(jì)方案，根據(jù)對(duì)象特性進(jìn)行各種控制方法的研究，并設(shè)計(jì)硬件總體模塊圖及軟件模塊圖。4、第六周至第十二周：完成系統(tǒng)的控制方法研究，

3、軟、硬件設(shè)計(jì)。5、第十三周至第十四周：系統(tǒng)仿真及調(diào)試。6、第十五周至第十六周：整理資料，完成畢業(yè)論文編寫，進(jìn)行畢業(yè)答辯。目 錄摘 要： ······································

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5、3;············································ I Abstract： ···

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8、83;························· II 第1章 緒 論 ······················

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11、1.1 交流接觸器的用途、工作原理及分類 ··············································

12、83;····························· 1 1.2 交流接觸器的主要技術(shù)參數(shù) ·················&

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14、#183;························ 1 1.3 設(shè)計(jì)的主要技術(shù)指標(biāo) ······················&#

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16、183;······························· 3 1.4 交流接觸器的設(shè)計(jì)要求與典型結(jié)構(gòu) ··············

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18、83;··············· 4 1.4.1 設(shè)計(jì)要求 ································&

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20、#183;····································· 4 1.4.2 典型結(jié)構(gòu) ··········

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23、;·········· 4 1.4.3總體結(jié)構(gòu)方案確定 ·····································

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25、·················· 4 第2章 電器制造系統(tǒng)計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)化概論 ····························&#

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29、3;······························· 6 2.2 大批量生產(chǎn)的自動(dòng)化 ················

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31、;······································ 6 2.3 多品種小批量的自動(dòng)化 ·········

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36、83;············· 7 2.3.2 數(shù)字控制 ··································&

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38、#183;··································· 7 2.3.3 自適應(yīng)控制 ···········

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41、3;···· 8 2.3.4 柔性制造系統(tǒng) ···········································

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43、··················· 8 2.3.5 計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造 ····························&

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45、#183;····························· 8 2.3.6 計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng) ·················

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47、································· 8 第3章 零部件信息描述和分類編碼 ·············

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54、 3.2.1 樹(shù)式結(jié)構(gòu) ················································

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56、···················· 11 3.2.2 鏈?zhǔn)浇Y(jié)構(gòu) ···························

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63、83;···· 13 3.3.1 OPITZ系統(tǒng) ··········································

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65、83;······················ 13 3.3.2 KK-3系統(tǒng) ························

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67、3;········································ 13 3.3.3 JLBM-1系統(tǒng) ······

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70、83;···· 15 3.3.4 沖壓件的OPITZ系統(tǒng) ··········································

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72、;······ 15 3.3.5 CYBM沖壓零件分類編碼系統(tǒng) ·······································

73、3;············································· 15 3.4 零件表面元素描述法 ·

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76、3; 153.5 從CAD系統(tǒng)提取零件輸入信息 ··············································

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87、#183;· 18 4.3.1 檢索式CAPP系統(tǒng) ·············································

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91、83;················ 18 4.3.3 創(chuàng)成式CAPP系統(tǒng) ······························&

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93、#183;······················· 18 4.3.4 半創(chuàng)成式CAPP系統(tǒng) ······················

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108、83;········· 22 4.5.4 工藝文件輸出系統(tǒng)-報(bào)表 ·····································

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110、;· 23 4.5.5 工藝文件維護(hù)系統(tǒng) ·············································

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112、3;······ 23 4.5.6 資源數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)檢索系統(tǒng) ········································&#

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114、183;······· 24 4.5.7 資源數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)檢索系統(tǒng) ·······································

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120、83;······································ 25 4.6 交流接觸器CAPP系統(tǒng)的基本模塊及其系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ) ······&

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125、83;·········· 26 4.7 交流接觸器的派生式CAPP系統(tǒng) ···································

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141、3;····································· 錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文交流接觸器的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)摘 要：交流接觸器作為低壓電器的主要產(chǎn)品，它的結(jié)構(gòu)先進(jìn)壽命與可靠性的提高，既影響企

142、業(yè)生產(chǎn)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力，又影響國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)。CJ20型交流接觸器主要用于交流50Hz（60Hz）、額定電壓至660V（個(gè)別等級(jí)能至1140V）、電流至630A的電力線路中供遠(yuǎn)距離頻繁接通和分?jǐn)嚯娐芬约邦l繁起動(dòng)和控制交流電動(dòng)機(jī)，并適宜與熱繼電器或電子保護(hù)裝置組成電磁起動(dòng)器，以保護(hù)電路或交流電動(dòng)機(jī)可能發(fā)生的過(guò)負(fù)荷及斷相。CJ20交流接觸器為直動(dòng)式，雙斷點(diǎn)，立體布置，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單緊湊，外形安裝腔尺寸較老產(chǎn)品大大縮小。CAPP是計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工藝過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)（Computer Aided Process Planning）的簡(jiǎn)稱，是利用計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)輔助工藝人員設(shè)計(jì)零件從毛坯到成品的制造方法，是將企業(yè)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為產(chǎn)品

143、制造數(shù)據(jù)的一種技術(shù)。本次工藝設(shè)計(jì)包括線圈結(jié)構(gòu)分析，工藝設(shè)計(jì)，質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)方法及設(shè)備；磁軛結(jié)構(gòu)分析，工藝設(shè)計(jì)，質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)方法及設(shè)備；橋形觸頭組件的結(jié)構(gòu)分析，連接工藝質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)方法及設(shè)備；成型參數(shù)的確定、觸頭支持工藝分析、彈簧持工藝設(shè)計(jì)、設(shè)計(jì)彈簧支持彎曲模。關(guān)鍵詞：接觸器、工藝、結(jié)構(gòu)、零件、CAPPI學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文Exchanges and contacts with the computer-aided design ofa point of orderAbstract：As for the exchanges and contacts with the main low-voltage electr

144、ical products, its structure and reliability of advanced life enhancing, not only affects the competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises and affect national economic construction. CJ20 of exchanges and contacts with key for the exchange of 50 Hz (60Hz), the rated voltage to 660 V (individual grade

145、s can to 1140 V), to 630 A current of electricity lines for frequent long-distance access and breaking circuit and the frequent exchange of starter motors and control And appropriate and thermal protection relay or an electronic device composed of electromagnetic starter, to protect the electrical c

146、ircuit or exchange may occur overload and break phase. CJ20 exchanges and contacts with the straight-and double-break point, three-dimensional layout, a simple compact structure, shape install cavity size much smaller than the old products. CAPP process is computer-aided design (Computer Aided Proce

147、ss Planning) of the acronym, is using computer-aided design of parts from the rough to the finished product manufacturing methods, is the product design data into a product manufacturing data technologies.The design process including the coil structure, process design, quality testing methods and eq

148、uipment; magnetic yoke structural analysis, process design, quality testing methods and equipment; contact components of the bridge-shaped structure, connecting the quality of tests and equipment; Forming the parameters established, contact support process analysis, design of a spring, spring to sup

149、port the design bending die.Keywords：Contactor 、Technology 、 Frame、 Parts、CAPPII交流接觸器的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)第1章 緒 論1.1 交流接觸器的用途、工作原理及分類交流接觸器是一種適用于遠(yuǎn)距離頻繁地接通和分?jǐn)嘟涣髦麟娐芳按笕萘靠刂齐娐返碾娖鳌Ｋ饕米骺刂平涣鞲袘?yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的起動(dòng)、停止、反轉(zhuǎn)、調(diào)速，并與熱繼電器或其它適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo(hù)裝置組合，保護(hù)電動(dòng)機(jī)可能發(fā)生的過(guò)載或斷相，也可用于控制其它電力負(fù)載如電熱器、電照明、電焊機(jī)、電容器組等。交流接觸器的主要組成部分1包括：觸頭滅弧系統(tǒng)、電磁系統(tǒng)、支架和外殼等。它的工作原理是：當(dāng)

150、吸引線圈通電后，電磁系統(tǒng)即可把電能轉(zhuǎn)換為機(jī)械能，所產(chǎn)生的電磁吸力克服反作用彈簧與觸頭彈簧的反作用力，使鐵心吸合，并帶動(dòng)觸頭支架移動(dòng)，動(dòng)、靜觸頭接觸閉合，從而完成接通主電路的操作。當(dāng)吸引線圈斷電或者電壓顯著下降時(shí)，由于電磁吸力消失或過(guò)小，銜鐵與動(dòng)觸頭則在彈簧反作用力下斷開(kāi)，觸頭打開(kāi)時(shí)產(chǎn)生電弧，電弧在回路電動(dòng)力的驅(qū)動(dòng)下迅速移動(dòng)，并在滅弧室內(nèi)冷卻去游離熄滅，最后分?jǐn)嚯娐?。交流接觸器用途廣泛，品種繁多，按其結(jié)構(gòu)和用途分類：按主觸頭級(jí)數(shù)分為單極、雙極、三極和多極；按主觸頭的正常(即勵(lì)磁線圈無(wú)電時(shí))位置分為常分式和常合式；按吸引線圈種類分為交流勵(lì)磁和直流勵(lì)磁；按滅弧介質(zhì)分為空氣式和真空式；按有無(wú)滅弧室分為

151、有滅弧室和無(wú)滅弧室。1.2 交流接觸器的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)（1）額定絕緣電壓、額定工作電壓及額定工作電流額定絕緣電壓即規(guī)定交流接觸器工作電壓的最大值；交流接觸器主觸頭的額定工作電壓有：220、380、660、1140V；輔助觸頭額定工作電壓有：交流380V、直流220V；（2）額定工作制間斷長(zhǎng)期工作制(8h工作制)：此工作制為基本工作制，接觸器的約定發(fā)熱電流Ith由這種工作制確定。不間斷工作制：在這種工作制下，接觸器的主觸頭保持閉合，并承載一穩(wěn)定電流超過(guò)8h(如幾星期、幾個(gè)月甚至幾年)也不分?jǐn)唷嗬m(xù)周期工作制：斷續(xù)周期工作制的操作頻率和通電持續(xù)率由產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定。 短時(shí)工作制：短時(shí)工作制的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值觸頭通

152、電時(shí)間分為10、30、60與90min。（3）操作頻率1交流接觸器的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)指每小時(shí)允許的操作次數(shù)。交流接觸器的操作頻率一般為3001200次/時(shí)。操作頻率直接影響到接觸器的電壽命及滅弧室的工作條件，對(duì)于交流接觸器還影響線圈的溫升，所以是一個(gè)重要的技術(shù)指標(biāo)。（4）使用類別、接通分?jǐn)嗄芰Π唇油ǚ謹(jǐn)嗄芰?lái)區(qū)分使用類別，接觸器的接通和分?jǐn)嗄芰﹄S著用途和控制對(duì)象的不同有很大的差異，它時(shí)正確設(shè)計(jì)和選用接觸器的主要依據(jù)，按IEC60947.4.1-1990、GB14048.4-1993接觸器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定：交流接觸器可劃分為AC-1、AC-2、AC-3、AC-4等四種使用類別，不同使用類別的接通與

153、分?jǐn)嗄芰Φ慕油ê头謹(jǐn)鄺l件1見(jiàn)表1.1.表1.1 不同使用類別的接通與分?jǐn)嗄芰Φ慕油ê头謹(jǐn)鄺l件注 Ie額定工作電流 U接通前電壓Ue額定工作電壓 Ur恢復(fù)電壓 I接通電流 Ie分?jǐn)嚯娏?（5）機(jī)械壽命、電壽命交流接觸器是一種頻繁操作的電器，自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)不僅要求它有很高的操作頻率，而且要求它有與之相適應(yīng)的較高的機(jī)械壽命和電壽命，以提高系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的可靠性。交流接觸器的機(jī)械壽命一般為1000萬(wàn)次，小容量交流接觸器的機(jī)械壽命可高達(dá)3000萬(wàn)次，交流接觸器的電壽命隨使用類別不同而不同，IEC60947.4.1-1990和GB14048.4-1993規(guī)定各使用類別電壽命試驗(yàn)的接通和斷開(kāi)條件1見(jiàn)表1.2。2交流

154、接觸器的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)表1.2 不同使用類別下驗(yàn)證電壽命的接通和分?jǐn)鄺l件注 Ie額定工作電流 U接通前電壓Ue額定工作電壓 Ur恢復(fù)電壓 I接通電流 Ie分?jǐn)嚯娏?.3 設(shè)計(jì)的主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)(1) 額定絕緣電壓(最高額定工作電壓)Ui:690V (2) 額定工作電壓Ue:380V(3) 額定工作電流(使用類別AC-3)Ie:100A (4) 約定發(fā)熱電流Ith:125A(5) 額定控制電源電壓（即線圈電壓）US:220V、50Hz (6) 使用類別:AC-3(7) 周圍空氣溫度:-40oC+40 oC (8) 工作制:長(zhǎng)期工作制(9) 壽命:機(jī)械壽命1000萬(wàn)次，電壽命300萬(wàn)次 (10

155、) 操作頻率:AC-3 1200次/h (11) 輔助觸頭約定發(fā)熱電流:10A(12) 輔助觸頭額定工作電壓、電流:230V、10A3交流接觸器的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)1.4 交流接觸器的設(shè)計(jì)要求與典型結(jié)構(gòu)1.4.1 設(shè)計(jì)要求（1）滅弧性能好，分?jǐn)嚯娏鲿r(shí)燃弧時(shí)間短，過(guò)電壓低，噴弧距離小。（2）觸頭材料具有良好的導(dǎo)電、導(dǎo)熱性能、耐腐蝕、抗熔焊性能好，以降低觸頭的溫升和提高電壽命，同時(shí)要求觸頭材料的工藝性好，價(jià)格低廉。（3）結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)合理，機(jī)構(gòu)壽命高，并具有足夠的承受短時(shí)耐受電流的能力。1.4.2 典型結(jié)構(gòu)在確定交流接觸器的結(jié)構(gòu)之前，需要先了解交流接觸器的幾種典型結(jié)構(gòu)型式1:（1）杠桿傳動(dòng)單斷點(diǎn)形式

156、 它是一種條架式結(jié)構(gòu),基本元件組裝在條架上，銜鐵在閉合過(guò)程中通過(guò)連接的支架使轉(zhuǎn)軸旋轉(zhuǎn)，而動(dòng)觸頭系統(tǒng)也組裝在轉(zhuǎn)軸上，因此帶動(dòng)動(dòng)觸頭閉合。觸頭為單斷點(diǎn)指形觸頭，設(shè)計(jì)為在閉合過(guò)程中有滾動(dòng)與滑動(dòng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式，用以消除觸頭表面的氧化層。滅弧裝置設(shè)計(jì)為串聯(lián)磁吹線圈，并配合用多縱縫滅弧室，它有強(qiáng)烈的滅弧作用，電弧的游離氣體易于擴(kuò)散，熱量易于散出，適用于高操作頻率。（2）杠桿轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)雙斷點(diǎn)形式 以轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)式磁系統(tǒng)為例，銜鐵在吸合過(guò)程中，通過(guò)支架是軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，軸帶動(dòng)杠桿使觸頭系統(tǒng)作直線運(yùn)動(dòng)，動(dòng)、靜觸頭閉合。線圈斷電后，在反力彈簧的作用下，銜鐵打開(kāi)到停檔限制的位置，同時(shí)主觸頭分?jǐn)?。輔助觸頭借助于杠桿的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)換。滅弧裝置為多

157、縱縫滅弧室。（3）雙斷點(diǎn)直動(dòng)式形式。磁系統(tǒng)通過(guò)支架直接帶動(dòng)觸頭作直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。線圈通電后，銜鐵吸向鐵心，銜鐵帶動(dòng)支架使動(dòng)、靜觸頭閉合，支架同時(shí)帶動(dòng)置于兩側(cè)的輔助觸頭動(dòng)作。線圈斷電后，在反作用彈簧的作用下，銜鐵被釋放，同時(shí)使觸頭之間分?jǐn)唷Ｓ|頭接通和分?jǐn)鄷r(shí)產(chǎn)生的電弧，用裝有滅弧柵片的滅弧室熄滅。1.4.3總體結(jié)構(gòu)方案確定在給定的技術(shù)指標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)下，初步確定40A三極交流接觸器采用雙斷點(diǎn)橋式觸頭，直動(dòng)式磁系統(tǒng)，各零件均安裝在塑料外殼和鋁合金底座上的整體式結(jié)構(gòu)。輔助觸頭、主觸頭、電磁系統(tǒng)兩層立體布置，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，縮小安裝面積。接觸器的外殼由兩段組成，上段為熱固性塑料壓制的軀殼和耐高溫的絕緣材料制成的外殼，外殼

158、內(nèi)安裝三個(gè)雙向可4交流接觸器的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)控硅及控制電路。主觸頭設(shè)計(jì)成三腔可簡(jiǎn)化模具結(jié)構(gòu)，并可滿足控制三相四線制電路及派生中間繼電器的需要。輔助觸頭組件采用卡裝式結(jié)構(gòu)，配備二常開(kāi)和二常閉觸頭。下段為冷沖壓成形的鋁合金底座，固定電磁系統(tǒng)和緩沖裝置，底部有卡軌安裝用的鎖扣，可裝于帽形標(biāo)準(zhǔn)安裝軌上，安裝拆卸十分方便。觸頭接線端子采用帶瓦形墊圈的不落自升式組合螺釘，接線方便，使用安全。交流接觸器結(jié)構(gòu)原理圖如圖1.1所示：圖1.1 交流接觸器結(jié)構(gòu)原理圖5交流接觸器的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)第2章 電器制造系統(tǒng)計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)化概論2.1 概述電器制造工業(yè)是機(jī)械制造工業(yè)的重要組成部分。它不僅提供人民生活

159、所必須的產(chǎn)品，而且為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各部門提供大量的電器技術(shù)裝備。機(jī)械制造系統(tǒng)是實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)零件的機(jī)械加工、直接改變材料或毛坯的形狀、尺寸和性能，成為零件、部件活產(chǎn)品。同時(shí)，要求達(dá)到一定的質(zhì)量（精度、表面質(zhì)量和物理性能）、生產(chǎn)率和成本的要求。機(jī)電制造企業(yè)為了在激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中具有強(qiáng)大的生命力，必須從多方面著收，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量降低產(chǎn)品成本，減輕工人勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率，并不斷開(kāi)發(fā)新產(chǎn)品，加速老產(chǎn)品的更新?lián)Q代。這樣，促使企業(yè)一方面加強(qiáng)新產(chǎn)品的研制，另一方面必須對(duì)機(jī)電制造系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造，使其盡快適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)的需要。系統(tǒng)的革新的改造，主要從制造工藝、更新設(shè)備、裝備自動(dòng)化、系統(tǒng)控制以及組織管理現(xiàn)代化等方面著手進(jìn)行，而采用自動(dòng)化制造系統(tǒng)是最有效的方法之一。機(jī)電制造系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化可分為大批量生產(chǎn)的自動(dòng)化和多品種小批量生產(chǎn)的自動(dòng)化兩大類。由于品種和批量的不同，所采取的控制和自動(dòng)化手段也不盡相同。2.2 大批量生產(chǎn)的自動(dòng)化