初三英語虛擬語氣講解及練習(xí)題

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上淺談初中英語虛擬語氣的用法一 語氣的概念英語動詞不僅有時態(tài)、語態(tài)等的變化，而且還有語氣的變化。語氣和時態(tài)、語態(tài)一樣都是英語的語法現(xiàn)象。從形式上看，語氣是動詞的一種變化形式。從意義上講，語氣是表示說話人對某一行為或某一事情的看法和態(tài)度。根據(jù)說話人的意圖，語氣可分3種：直陳語氣（又叫陳述語氣）用來陳述事實（或提問題）等?？梢杂糜陉愂鼍?，也可以用于疑問句或感嘆句。祈使語氣用來提出請求或命令等。主要用于祈使句。虛擬語氣見下面。語氣和時態(tài)是截然不同的概念，但語氣要通過動詞的時態(tài)形式表示出來。二虛擬語氣概念通常是表示說話人所說的話不是一種事實，而是一種純粹的假設(shè)、虛擬、主觀愿望或

2、建議等?？梢杂糜陉愂鼍?，也可以用于疑問句等。動詞形式虛擬語氣的動詞形式大多數(shù)情況是用動詞（相應(yīng)）的過去時（相對直陳語氣而言）。動詞be若用過去式時可以一律用were。應(yīng)用在含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中的應(yīng)用。表示純粹的假設(shè)，或可能性很小的情況。主從句的謂語動詞主要形式如下：從句主句對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r假設(shè)時過去式would+動詞原形對過去的情況假設(shè)時had+done（過去完成時）would+have+done例：1）IfIwereyou,Idwearashirtandtie.2）Whatwouldyoudoifyouhadamilliondollars?3）Ifyouhadcomeafewminu

3、tesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.4）Ifhehadntbeenstrictwithhimself,hewouldnthavemadesuchprogress.在wish等賓語從句中的應(yīng)用。表示純粹的主觀愿望，不可能實現(xiàn)的，或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性極小的情況。賓語從句謂語動詞根據(jù)具體情況?？捎靡话氵^去時，過去將來時或過去完成時等。例如：1）IwishthatIcouldhelphimnow.我現(xiàn)在要是能幫上他該多好??！或我多么希望現(xiàn)在能幫上他?。ㄑ韵轮猓何椰F(xiàn)在幫不上他，沒能力幫助他）2）IwishIcouldcomeheretomorrow.明天我要是能來這兒就好了?。ㄑ韵轮?/p>

4、意：我明天根本不可能來這兒，或我明天能來這兒的可能性很?。?）Wewishhehadntgone.他要是沒有走該多好??！用在suggest等的賓語從句中，表是純粹的建議。句型為：suggest(ed)that(should)+動詞原形（should可省略）1）Hesuggeststhatwe (should)visitthemuseum.2) Wesuggestedthathe_hereeveryday.A.comeB.comesC.cameD.cancomeE.couldcome虛擬語氣的幾種特殊用法1.省掉if的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)：Had you asked me, I would have t

5、old you. (=If you had asked me,)2.有時虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連接詞或定語從句來表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were a true friend, he.)(=If there were no water,)(=If you hadnt helped me,)例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldnt have been so successfully. 過去（=可轉(zhuǎn)換為：If there hadnt been y

6、our advice, we ）Your notes are almost illegible (難以辨認(rèn)的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. 將來(= 可轉(zhuǎn)換為：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.過去(= 可轉(zhuǎn)換為：If he have gone to see Dr. Smit

7、h, he .)3. 有時條件從句中的動作和結(jié)果從句中的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，如：If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.五、虛擬語氣的其他用法1、Suggest, advise 等動詞之后賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：suggest, advise, recommend, demand,require, insist, urge, request, order, +that(should )+動詞原形devi

8、de, ask, move, propose等注意：在此結(jié)構(gòu)中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述動詞的名詞形式出現(xiàn)時，that 引導(dǎo)的從句仍用虛擬語氣。He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.如果that 引導(dǎo)的從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是事實，也可用陳述語氣。He insists that he is right.2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引導(dǎo)的從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：impe

9、rative, advisable, 動詞完成式It is (was) + important,natural, necessary, +that(should) +essential, strange,等動詞原形It is important that you (should) follow the doctors orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.3、wish的用法動詞過去式或were與現(xiàn)在事實相反主語+wish(that)+主語 + 動詞過去完成式與過去事實相反助動詞過去試+動詞原形與將來事實相反I wi

10、sh I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish theyd let us get some sleep.注意：wish與hope接賓語從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用陳述語氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實現(xiàn)的希望,賓語從句用虛擬語氣。試比較：（1） We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can

11、come.)（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引導(dǎo)的從句須用虛擬語氣，如： He acts as if nothing had happened.I would rather you didnt tell him.5、Its (high) time that+動詞過去式或should+動詞原形，如：Its time (that) you had a hair cut.Its high time (that) we took so

12、me action. 虛擬語氣專項練習(xí)題(1). If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster. A. be B. was C. were D. am(2). I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they_speak with French accents. A. dont B. will not C. mustnt D. wouldnt(3)_today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday? A.

13、Were we leaving B. If we leave C. Would we leave D. Were we to leave(4). If Jone_tomorrow, what would you do? A. were not to come B. will not come C. would not come D. had not come(5). “She didnt ask me, so I didnt help her?”“You mean to say_, you wouldve helped her ?” A. if she asked you B. if she

14、were to ask you she asked you C. were she to ask you(6). They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them_. A. might have died B. might die C. would die D. could die(7). If they had known him,_to him? A. would they have talked B. would they talk they talked D. they would talk(8

15、). If I lived in the city, I_travel in croweded buses, but I_to see lots of films. A. shall have to/shall be able B. shall have to/am able C. would have to/were able D. would have to/would be able(9). I would have gone to the concert, if I_time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had(10)._I

16、 know it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having(11)._your help, I would not have succeeded. A. Because B. Because of C. But D. But for(12). “What did Mr Smith say about his career?”“Only that if he_ a millionaire, he would have fewer worries.” A. did not become B. had not become C. d

17、oes not become D. has not become(13). “Why didnt you help him?”“I would have_ I didnt have the money.” A. still B. but C. otherwise D. or(14). “Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.” “I suggest Wang Hong_.” A. goes B. would go C. go D. went(15). The housemaster was strict. He requested that

18、 we_television on week nights. A. not watch B. must not to watch C. not be watching D. have not watch(16). I cant speak Japanese, but I do wish I_. A. can B. could C. had D. speak(17). “Are you enjoying your stay here?“Yes, very much. I wish I_ have to leave so soon.” A. wont B. dont C. mustnt D. di

19、dnt(18). “What will you do during the summer holidays?”“I dont know, but its about time_on something.” A. Im deciding B. Ill decide C. I decided D. Id decided(19). Id rather you_ anything about it for the time being. A. say B. didnt say C. dont say D. not say(20). “Why do you have to be there at six

20、?” “The teacher demands that everyone_in his seat at six.” A. would be B. can be C. be D. will be(21). He makes a note of the assignment lest he_it. A. forgets B. forget C. will forget D. will not forget(22). “how does the librarian act?”“He acts as if he_a walking dictionary.” A. were B. be C. is D

21、. has been(23). There is a law that drunken drivers_ severely punished. A. were B. are C. be D. will be(24). I wish you_interrupt when Im talking on the phone. A. will not B. would not C. do not D. did not(25). Henry talks to his dog as if it _him. A. understands B. understood C. understand D. would

22、 understand(26). Jeff looked as if he_a ghost. A. saw B. has seenC. had seen D. would see(27). Give her my best regards,_. A. should you see her today B. if you saw her today C. if you would see her today D. should you have seen her today(28). There was a suggestion by the teachers that the meeting_

23、postponed for a week. A. had been B. would be C. was D. should be(29). It is highly desirable that every effort_to reduce pollution in Bei jing. A. was made B. be made C. will be made D. would be made(30). The manager would rather that his wife_work in the same office as he dose. A. does not B. did

24、not C. would not D. will not(31). The teacher insisted that we all_ back by two oclock. A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be(32). I didnt go to the football match, but I do wish I_there. A. went B. was C. were been(33). It is high time we_drug trafficking.(販毒) A. did away with B. do away with C. did away D. should do away with( ) 1. If my father _ here now, he _ tell me what to do.A. were, would B. were, will C.