21世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第四冊Reading-Aloud

1、Unit 1一種“永不屈服”的態(tài)度。西蒙頓說，如果成就巨大者具有什么共性的話，上的差異而已。偉大是建立在大量的學(xué)習(xí)、實(shí)踐和獻(xiàn)身精神的基礎(chǔ)之上的?！盇“never surrender”attitude.Ifgreatachieversshareanything,saidSimonton,itisanunrelentingdrivetosucceed.Theresatendencytothinkthattheyareendowedwithsomethingsuper-normal,heexplained.Butwhatcomesoutoftheresearchisthattherearegreat

2、peoplewhohaveno amazing intellectual processes. Its a difference in degree.Greatness is built upon tremendous amounts of study, practice anddevotion. “我們1940 年盟軍敦刻爾克大撤退之后的一次演講中，他的話激勵(lì)了全國人民，決不會退縮、永不失敗。我們一定要堅(jiān)持到底.我們永遠(yuǎn)不會屈服。He cited WinstonChurchill, Britainsprime minister during WorldWar2,asanexampleofar

3、isk-takerwhowouldnevergiveup.Thrustintooffice when his countrys morale was at its lowest, Churchill rosebrilliantlytoleadtheBritishpeople.InaspeechfollowingtheAlliedevacuationatDunkirkin1940,heinspiredthenationwhenhesaid,Weshallnot flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall never surrender.Un

4、it 2有些人不愿表達(dá)感激之情，因?yàn)樗麄冇X得這不會受歡迎。我的一個(gè)病人在“我沒有早點(diǎn)回來，出院的后幾個(gè)星期回到醫(yī)院感謝他的護(hù)士。 “我沒有更早地回來 Some persons refrain from expressing their gratitude because theyfeel it will not be welcome. A patient of mine, a few weeks after hisdischarge from the hospital,cameback to thank his nurse. comebacksooner, heexplained, becau

5、seI imagined youmust be bored to deathwith people thanking you.“正好相反”她回答說， “我很高興你來。很少有人意識到我們多么需要鼓勵(lì)，我們從那些鼓勵(lì)我們的人身上獲得了多大的幫助。 ”O(jiān)nthecontrary,shereplied,Iamdelightedyoucame.Fewrealizehow much we need encouragement and how much we are helped by those whogive it.作。Gratitude is something of which none of us

6、 can give too much. Foron the smiles, the thanks we give, our little gestures of appreciation,our neighbors build up their philosophy of life.Unit 3諾醫(yī)生稱之為縱向思維；即那種傳統(tǒng)的、按順序的、亞里士多德式的邏輯思維，就會坍塌。事情就會陷入僵局，沮喪、緊張和搏斗的情緒就會籠罩心頭。ThenormalWesternapproachtoaproblemistofightit.Thesaying,“when the going gets tough, t

7、he tough getgoing,” istypical of thisaggressive attitude towards problem-solving. No matter what the problemis or the techniques solving it,the frame work produce byour Western way of thinking is fight. Dr. de Bono calls this verticalthinking: the traditional, sequential, Aristotelian thinking of lo

8、gic,moving firmly from one step to the next, like toy blocks is incorrectlyplaced, then the whole structure collapses. Impasse is reached, andfrustrations, tension, feeling of fight take over.重要的重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移，橫跨一步避開問題，而不是正面去解決它。Later thinking, Dr. de Bono says, is a new technique of thinkingabout technique t

9、hat avoids this fight altogether, and solvesthe problem in an entirely unexpected fashion.Lateral thinking sounds simple. And it is. Once you have solveda problem laterally, you wonder how you could ever have been hung up onit. The key ismakingthatvitalshift in emphasis, thatsidesteppingofthe proble

10、m, instead of attacking it head-on.在紐約私人開業(yè)的哥倫比亞大學(xué)的精神病專家AA布里杰博士闡述了橫決不吸煙了；不，我不該吸煙了；不，我決不吸了；不，我不能這是場戰(zhàn)Dr. A. A. Bridger, psychiatrist at Columbia University and inprivate practice in New York, explains how lateral thinking works withhis patients, “Many people come to me wanting to stop smoking, forinsta

11、nce,” he says. “Most people fail when they are trying to stopsmokingbecausetheywinduptellingthemselves,No，Iwillnotsmoke;no, I shall not smoke; no, I will not; no, I cannot .”Its a fightand what happens is you end up smoking more.體來體驗(yàn)生活的。 如果你停下來思考一下，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)你的身體的確有一些不自己，給自己一些尊重和保護(hù)?！癝o instead of looking

12、at the problem from the old way of no, andfightingit,Ishowthemawholenewpointofviewthatyouareyourbodyskeeper, and your body is something though which you experience life. Ifyoustopthinkingaboutit,theresreallysomethinghelplessaboutyourbody.Itcandonothingforitself.Ithasnochoice;itislikeababysbody. You

13、begin then a whole new way of looking at am going totake care of myself, and give myself some respect and protection, by nosmoking.”Unit 4生面對的不是失望、憤怒或惱怒。相反，老師認(rèn)為這是一次例外，一件偶然的事他更加努力了，決心做到老師知道他能做到的事。Whenastudentsworkdidnotmeasureuptotheteachersexpectations,as often happened, the student was not treated

14、withdisappointment ,anger ,or annoyance .Instead, the teacher assumed thatthis was an exception, an accident, a bad day, a momentary slip-and thestudent believed her and felt reassured. The next time around, he triedharder, determined to live up to what the teacher knew he could do.道她得到的答案將是正確的，而孩子也

15、感受到了那種信心。Theexactpartofcommunicationthattellsachild,“ Iexpectthebest, ”is difficult to pinpoint. In part it consists of a level toneshowing assurance, a lack of verbal impatience, an absence of negativequalities such as irony, put-downs, and irritation. The teacher whoexpectsthebestasksherquestionsw

16、ithconviction,knowingtheanswersshe gets will be right, and the child picks up that conviction.Unit 5東西Ihaveoftenreflecteduponthenewvistasthatreadingopenedtome. I knew right there in prison that reading had changed forever thecourse of my life. As I see it today, the ability to read awoke insideme so

17、me long dormant craving to be mentally alive. I certainly wasntseeking any degree, the way a college confers a status symbol upon itsstudents.Myhomemadeeducationgaveme,witheveryadditionalbookthatIread,alittlebitmoresensitivitytothedeafnessthatwasafflictingthe black race inAmerica.Notlongago, an Engl

18、ish writer telephoned mefrom London, asking questions. Onewas,”Whatsyour almamatter?” Itoldhim, “Books.” Youwillnever catch me withafree fifteenminutesinwhichImnotstudyingsomethingIfeelmightbeabletohelptheblackman .Unit 6的要素中智商約占20%；其余的則取決于多種因素，從所屬的階級到運(yùn)氣到在人類進(jìn)化的幾百萬年中已在大腦中形成的神經(jīng)途徑。EQ is not the opposite of IQ. Some people are blessed with a lot ofboth, some with little of either. What researchers have been trying tounderstandishowtheycomplementeachother,howonesabilitytohandlestress, for instance,