考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山西警察學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山西警察學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題

(1)Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyoutputsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomistsbutenhancingwomen’scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.Andeconomicswithitsemphasisonincentives(激勵(lì)),providesguidepoststhatpointtoanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.

Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfalltoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamilygirlsgrowuponlytomanyintosomebodyelse'sfamilyandbearchildren.(2)Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothsaresenttoschool—theprophecy(預(yù)言)becomesself-fulfillingtappingwomeninviciouscircle(惡性循環(huán))ofneglect.

(3)Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.(4)Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle.

(5)Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificantimpactonhealthpractices,includingfamilyplanning.

【答案】1.在發(fā)展中國(guó)家，教育女孩很可能比其他任何投資都能產(chǎn)生更高的回報(bào)率。

2.因此，人們認(rèn)為女孩不如男孩有價(jià)值，女孩被留在家里做家務(wù)，而她們的兄弟則被送去上學(xué)。這個(gè)預(yù)言自我應(yīng)驗(yàn)，讓女性陷入被忽視的惡性循環(huán)。

3.另一方面，受過(guò)良好教育的母親在外掙錢的能力更強(qiáng)，并且面臨著完全不同的選擇。

4.她女兒受到的教育使下一代女孩更有可能和男孩一樣，受到教育并且健康。

5.幾乎沒有人會(huì)對(duì)女性受教育具有巨大的社會(huì)效益提出異議，而這也具有巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

2.單選題

Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow,butatfirstIthoughtthathe（）today.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wascoming

B.iscoming

C.willcome

D.come

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)辨析。題干中的第一個(gè)分句用的是現(xiàn)在將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，第二個(gè)分句的主句用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)該使用表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，某些動(dòng)詞（如come，arrive，leave等）的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)可以表示將來(lái)。句意：我父親明天會(huì)來(lái)，但起初我以為他今天會(huì)來(lái)。因此，根據(jù)題意和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Men'sandwomen'sbrainsarenotonlydifferent,butthewayweusethemdifferstoo.Womenhavelargerconnectionsandmorefrequentinteractionbetweentheirbrain'sleftandrighthemispheres.Thisaccountsforwomen'sabilitytohavebetterverbalskillsandintuition.Men,ontheotherhand,havegreaterbrainhemisphereseparation,whichexplainstheirskillsforabstractreasoningandvisual-spatialintelligence.

Bothmenandwomentendtofollowtheirbiologicalprograms.Mentendtoretainafirmsenseofdirection:theyneedtotracethegame,catchit,andfindthewayhome,whilewomenhaveabetterperipheralvisionthathelpsthemtoseewhat'shappeningaroundthehouse,tospotallapproachingdanger,tonoticechangesinthechildren'sbehaviorandappearance.Men'sbrainsareprogrammedtohunting,whichexplainstheirnarrowrangeofvision,whilewomen'sbrainsareabletodecipherawiderrangeofinformation.

Whenenteringaroom,menlookforexits,estimatingapossiblethreat,andwaysofescape,whilewomenpayattentiontotheguests9facestofindoutwhotheyareandhowtheyfeel.Menareabletosortoutinformationandarchiveitintheirhead.Womentendto“rewind”theinformationoverandoveragain.Theonlywaytostopthinkingoftheproblemsistotalkitover.

Whenawomansharesherproblemswithaman,sheisnotlookingforsolutions:sheneedssomeonetolistentoher.

Menpreferstridentnoises,hardhandshakes,andredcolor.Theyarebetteratsolvingtechnicalproblems.Womenhaveasharperear;theyusemorewordswhiletalking,andarebetteratcompletingtasksindependently.

Basedonthesebiologicallyexplaineddifferences,somepsychologicaldistinctionsbetweenmenandwomencanbeestablished;Mengraspasituationasawholeandthinkglobally,whilewomenthinklocally,relyingondetailsandnuances;menaremoreindependentintheirthoughtsandactions,whilewomenaremorewillingtofollowtheideassuggestedbyothers.Womentendtocriticizethemselves,whilemenaremoresatisfiedwiththeirownperformance.Men'ssatisfactioncomefromcareerandprosperity,whilewomenvaluefamilyandkids;menhaveapronouncedneedtofulfilltheirgoals,andwomenrankrelationshipswithothersfirst.Womenenduepainandmonotonousworkbetterthanmen.

Alltheabovegetsevenmoreconfusing,ifwetakeintoaccountthat15to20%ofmenhappentohaveafemaletypeofbrains,andabout10%ofwomenhaveamaletypeofbrains,whichmeansthatsomepercentageofmenandwomennomatterhowsmallitseems,arepartiallyprogrammedtothebehaviorandwayofthinkingoftheoppositegender.

“Okay,Iunderstandtheproblem”youaresayingtoyourself,but“what'sthesolution”？Thatdependsonwhetheryouareawomanoraman.

1.Thispassagemainlydescribesthedifferencesbetweenmenandwomenin（）

.

2.Whenawomannarratesherproblemstoaman,shewants（）

.

3.WhichofthefollowingmayreflecttheChinesesaying“女人心,海底針”？

4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）

.

5.Whenamanhasasharpernaturalabilityofintuitionthanothermen,wewouldsaythathe（）

.

6.Whenwesay“womenthinklocally”itmeansthat（）

.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.physiology

B.sociology

C.psychology

D.alloftheabove

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ahelper

B.alistener

C.allanalyzer

D.problem-solver

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Women'sbrainsareabletodecipherawiderrangeofinformation.

B.Womenhavelargerconnectionsandmorefrequentinteractionbetweentheirbrain'sleftandrighthemispheres.

C.womenarebetteratcompletingtasksindependently.

D.womanattachgreaterimportancetorelationships.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.menaremoredependentemotionally

B.womenarelessdependentemotionally

C.menarelessdependentinmakingdecisions

D.womenarelessconfidentthanmen

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.isawomanasamatteroffact

B.isborntobeawoman

C.hasafemaletypeofbrains

D.hasamaletypeofbrains

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.womenareattractedmorebylocalaffairs

B.womennoticeonlythelocalaffairs

C.womenpaymoreattentiontodetails

D.womendon'tcareabouttheinternationalaffairs

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:C

【解析】1.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,第一二段主要是生理學(xué)的角度講述講述男女差異,第三四五段是社會(huì)學(xué)的角度,第六段是心理學(xué)的角度,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.根據(jù)第四段“Whenawomansharesherproblemswithaman,sheisnotlookingforsolutions:sheneedssomeonetolistentoher.”可知,當(dāng)女人在傾訴的時(shí)候,她需要的不是解決方案,而是一個(gè)傾聽者,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.“女人心,海底針”指女人想得比較多,心思難以琢磨。選項(xiàng)A“女性的大腦能夠解讀更廣泛的信息”說(shuō)明女性心思細(xì)膩,想法多。所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。其他選項(xiàng)都不是講女性心思細(xì)膩,想法多,所以排除。

4.根據(jù)原文可知,選項(xiàng)A和B在文中沒有提及,根據(jù)第六段“menaremoreindependentintheirthoughtsandactions,whilewomenaremorewillingtofollowtheideassuggestedbyothers.”男人在思想和行動(dòng)上更獨(dú)立,而女人更愿意聽從別人的建議。說(shuō)明男性在做決定時(shí)更獨(dú)立,選項(xiàng)C正確；第六段提及女人喜歡批評(píng)自己,而男人對(duì)自己的表現(xiàn)更滿意,并不能說(shuō)明女人不如男人自信,所以排除。

5.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,15-20%的男性有著女性思維方式的大腦,而10%的女性有著男性思維方式的大腦,他們的思維方式和行為與異性一致。根據(jù)題意,當(dāng)一個(gè)男人比其他男人有更敏銳的直覺能力,我們說(shuō)她有著女性思維方式的大腦,因?yàn)橐话闩员饶行缘闹庇X要更加敏銳,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

6.根據(jù)第六段“Mengraspasituationasawholeandthinkglobally,whilewomenthinklocally,relyingondetailsandnuance...”男性從整體上把握形勢(shì),放眼全球；而女性則從局部出發(fā),依靠細(xì)節(jié)和細(xì)微差別進(jìn)行思考。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.單選題

Speakingtwolanguagesratherthanjustonehasobviouspracticalbenefitsinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.Butinrecentyears,scientistshavebeguntoshowthattheadvantagesofbilingualismareevenmorefundamentalthanbeingabletoconversewithawiderrangeofpeople.Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhaveaprofoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageandevenshieldingagainstdementia（癡呆）inoldage.

Thisviewofbilingualismisremarkablydifferentfromtheunderstandingofbilingualismthroughmuchofthe20thcentury.Researchers,educatorsandpolicymakerslongconsideredasecondlanguagetobeaninterference,cognitivelyspeaking,thathinderedachild’sacademicandintellectualdevelopment.

Theywerenotwrongabouttheinterference:thereisampleevidencethatinabilingual’sbrainbothlanguagesystemsareactiveevenwhenheisusingonlyonelanguage,thuscreatingsituationsinwhichonesystemobstructs（癡呆）theother.Butthisinterference,researchersarefindingout,isn’tsomuchahandicapasablessingindisguise.Itforcesthebraintoresolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitivemuscles.

Thecollectiveevidencefromanumberofsuchstudiessuggeststhatthebilingualexperienceimprovesthebrain’sso-calledexecutivefunction.Acommandsystemdirectstheattentionprocessesthatweuseforplanning,solvingproblemsandperformingvariousothermentallydemandingtasks.Theseprocessesincludeignoringdistractionstostayfocused,switchingattentionwillfullyfromonethingtoanotherandholdinginformationinmind—likerememberingasequenceofdirectionswhiledriving.

Whydoesthetussle（搏斗）betweentwosimultaneouslyactivelanguagesystemsimprovetheseaspectsofcognition?Untilrecently,researchersthoughtthebilingualadvantagestemmedprimarilyfromanabilityforinhibitionthatwashoned（磨煉）bytheexerciseofsuppressingonelanguagesystem:thissuppression,itwasthought,wouldhelptrainthebilingualmindtoignoredistractionsinothercontexts.Butthatexplanationincreasinglyappearstobeinadequate,sincestudieshaveshownthatbilingualsperformbetterthanmonolingualsevenattasksthatdonotrequireinhibition,likethreadingalinethroughanascendingseriesofnumbersscatteredrandomlyonapage.

Thekeydifferencebetweenbilingualsandmonolingualsmaybemorebasic:aheightenedabilitytomonitortheenvironment.“Bilingualshavetoswitchlanguagesquiteoften—youmaytalktoyourfatherinonelanguageandtoyourmotherinanotherlanguage,”saysAlbertCosta,aresearcherattheUniversityofPompeaFabrainSpain.“Itrequireskeepingtrackofchangesaroundyouinthesamewaythatwemonitoroursurroundingswhendriving.”InastudycomparingGerman-ItalianbilingualswithItalianmonolingualsonmonitoringtasks,Mr.Costaandhiscolleaguesfoundthatthebilingualsubjectsnotonlyperformedbetter,buttheyalsodidsowithlessactivityinpartsofthebraininvolvedinmonitoring,indicatingthattheyweremoreefficientatit.

Thebilingualexperienceappearstoinfluencethebrainfrominfancytooldage,andthereisreasontobelievethatitmayalsoapplytothosewholearnasecondlanguagelaterinlife.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themorerecentandoldviewsofbilingualismdiffermainlyin（

）.

2.Thefactthatinterferenceisnowseenasablessingindisguisemeansthat

（

）.

3.WhatistheroleofParagraphFourinrelationtoParagraphThree?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanaccountforbetterperformanceofbilingualsindoingnon-inhibitiontasks?

5.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itspracticaladvantages

B.perceivedlanguagefluency

C.itsroleincognition

D.itsroleinmedicine

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itspotentialbenefitshaveremainedundiscovered

B.ithasledtounexpectedlyfavorableresults

C.itseffectsoncognitivedevelopmenthavebeenminimal

D.onlyafewresearchershaverealizeditsadvantages

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ItprovidescounterevidencetoParagraphThree.

B.Itoffersanotherexampleoftheroleofinterference.

C.Itservesasatransitionalparagraphinthepassage.

D.ItfurtherillustratesthepointinParagraphThree.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Anabilitytoignoredistractions

B.Anabilitytomonitorsurroundings.

C.Anabilitytoperformwithlesseffort.

D.Anabilitytoexercisesuppression.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Featuresofbilingualsandmonolinguals.

B.Interferenceandsuppression.

C.Bilingualsandmonitoringtasks.

D.Reasonswhybilingualsaresmarter

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhaveaprofoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageandevenshieldingagainstdementiainoldage.（事實(shí)證明，雙語(yǔ)能讓你更聰明。它可以對(duì)你的大腦產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響，提高與語(yǔ)言無(wú)關(guān)的認(rèn)知能力，甚至可以在老年時(shí)抵御癡呆癥）可知C選項(xiàng)“它在認(rèn)知中的作用”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞interference定位到文章第三段中，由Butthisinterference,researchersarefindingout,isn’tsomuchahandicapasablessingindisguise.Itforcesthebraintoresolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitivemuscles.（但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種干擾與其說(shuō)是一種障礙，不如說(shuō)是一種偽裝的祝福。它迫使大腦解決內(nèi)部沖突，給大腦一個(gè)加強(qiáng)認(rèn)知肌肉的鍛煉）可知B選項(xiàng)“它帶來(lái)意外的有利結(jié)果”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第三段介紹干擾雖然存在，但能鍛煉認(rèn)知肌肉，第四段介紹研究表明雙語(yǔ)經(jīng)歷能改善大腦的執(zhí)行功能，接著又詳細(xì)說(shuō)明大腦的工作流程來(lái)證明上面的觀點(diǎn)。故第四段進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明第三段的內(nèi)容，因此D選項(xiàng)“它進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了第三段的觀點(diǎn)”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞non-inhibitiontasks定位到文章第五段中，由Butthatexplanationincreasinglyappearstobeinadequate,sincestudieshaveshownthatbilingualsperformbetterthanmonolingualsevenattasksthatdonotrequireinhibition（但這種解釋似乎越來(lái)越不充分，因?yàn)檠芯勘砻?，即使在不需要抑制的任?wù)中，雙語(yǔ)者的表現(xiàn)也比單語(yǔ)者好）和第六段中的Thekeydifferencebetweenbilingualsandmonolingualsmaybemorebasic:aheightenedabilitytomonitortheenvironment.（雙語(yǔ)者和單語(yǔ)者之間的關(guān)鍵區(qū)別可能更為基本：提高了監(jiān)控環(huán)境的能力）可知B選項(xiàng)“監(jiān)測(cè)環(huán)境的能力”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章首段提出雙語(yǔ)者更聰明，尾段提出雙語(yǔ)經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言的有利影響，中間內(nèi)容解釋了雙語(yǔ)干擾帶來(lái)能鍛煉認(rèn)知肌肉，雙語(yǔ)經(jīng)歷能改善大腦的執(zhí)行功能。因此D選項(xiàng)“雙語(yǔ)者更聰明的原因”符合題意。

5.單選題

Ragtimeisamusicalformthatsynthesizesfolkmelodiesandmusicaltechniquesintoabriefquadrille-likestructure,designedtobeplayed(exactlyaswritten)onthepiano.AstronganalogyexistsbetweenEuropeancomposerslikeRalphVaughanWilliams,EdvardGrieg,andAntonDvorakwhocombinedfolktunesandtheirownoriginalmaterialsinlargercompositionsandthepioneerragtimecomposersintheUnitedStates.ComposerslikeScottJoplinandJamesScottwereinasensecollectorsormusicologistscollectingdanceandfolkmusicinBlackcommunitiesandconsciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologiescalledpianorags.

Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments“ragsweretransferredtothePianolarollandevenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance,itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.

Theclassicformulaforthepianoragdisposesthreetofivethemesinsixteen-barstrains,oftenorganizedwithrepeats.Theragopenswithabrightmemorablestrainortheme,followedbyasimilartheme,leadingtoatrioofmarkedlyricalcharacter,withthestructureconcludedbyalyricalstrainthatparallelstherhythmicdevelopmentsoftheearlierthemes.Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner,endingonanoteoftriumphorexhilaration.Typicallyeachstrainisdividedintotwo8-barsegmentsthatareessentiallyalike,sotherhythmic-melodicunitofragtimeisonlyeightbarsof2/4measure.Therefore,themesmustbebriefwithclear,sharpmelodicfigures.Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintactinfinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbasscalledbyjazzmusiciansaboom—chickbass—inthepianist’slefthandanditsmelodicsyncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.

Ragtimeremainsdistinctfromjazzbothasaninstitutionalstyleandasagenre.Ragtimestylestressesapatternofrepeatedrhythms,nottheconstantinventionsandvariationsofJazz.Asagenreragtimerequiresstrictattentionofstructure,notinventivenessorvirtuosity.Itexistsasatradition,asetofconventions,abodyofwrittenscores,separatefromtheindividualplayersassociatedwithit.Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,RalphVaughanWilliams,AntonDvorak,andScottJoplinaresimilarinthattheyall______.

37.Theword“inherently”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby______.

38.AccordingtoParagraph3,allthefollowingarewhattheragtimecomposermostconcernedwithEXCEPT______.

39.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenragtimeandjazz?

40.Itcaninferredthattheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatthemostimportantfeatureofragtimemusicisits______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conductedresearchintomusicologicalhistory

B.wroteoriginalcompositionsbasedonfolktunes

C.collectedandrecordedabbreviatedpianosuites

D.createdintricatesonata-likemusicalstructures

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.intrinsically

B.artificially

C.monotonously

D.apparently

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.developmentofmusicalthemes

B.asubjectdownintactinfinishedform

C.clear,sharpmelodicfigures

D.connectingittovariousrelatedsubjects

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Aninstrumentalandmusicaltechniques.

B.Aninstrumentalmannerandamelody.

C.Agenreandmusicaltechniques.

D.Aninstrumentalmannerandagenre.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.formalstructure

B.emotionalrange

C.improvisationalopportunities

D.roleasaforerunnerofjazz

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】36.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,RalphVaughanWilliams,AntonDvorak,andScottJoplinaresimilarinthattheyall______.36.根據(jù)第一段，拉爾夫沃恩威廉姆斯、安東德沃夏克和斯科特喬普林都______，這一點(diǎn)很相似。

A.conductedresearchintomusicologicalhistoryA.對(duì)音樂學(xué)歷史進(jìn)行了研究

B.wroteoriginalcompositionsbasedonfolktunesB.是根據(jù)民間曲調(diào)創(chuàng)作的原創(chuàng)作品

C.collectedandrecordedabbreviatedpianosuitesC.收集并錄制了簡(jiǎn)短的鋼琴組曲

D.createdintricatesonata-likemusicalstructuresD.創(chuàng)造了復(fù)雜的奏鳴曲式的音樂結(jié)構(gòu)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位第一段“雷格泰姆是一種音樂形式，它將民間旋律（folkmelodies）和音樂技巧綜合成一種簡(jiǎn)短的類似方舞舞曲的形式，嚴(yán)格地按照創(chuàng)作一樣在鋼琴上演奏。拉爾夫沃恩威廉姆斯、愛德華格里格和安東德沃夏克等歐洲作曲家與美國(guó)的先驅(qū)拉雷格泰姆作曲家有著強(qiáng)烈的相似之處。像斯科特喬普林和詹姆斯斯科特這樣的作曲家在某種意義上是收藏家或音樂學(xué)家，他們收集黑人社區(qū)的舞蹈和民間音樂（folkmusic），并有意識(shí)地把它們編成簡(jiǎn)短的組曲或選集（consciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologies），稱為鋼琴散拍樂曲?！?，從中我們可知，雷格泰姆音樂是將民間旋律和音樂技巧結(jié)合，并在鋼琴上演奏，拉爾夫沃恩威廉姆斯、安東德沃夏克和雷格泰姆風(fēng)格類似，而斯科特喬普林也是收集民間音樂并編曲，其中的關(guān)鍵詞是folkmusic，所以他們的相似之處就是，他們都是根據(jù)民間旋律創(chuàng)作作品，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、D選項(xiàng)在該段沒有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)只是針對(duì)斯科特喬普林來(lái)說(shuō)，并不全面，屬于以偏概全。

37.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

37.Theword“inherently”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby______.37.第二段中的“inherently”一詞最好用______代替。

A.intrinsicallyA.本質(zhì)地，固有的

B.artificiallyB.人工地

C.monotonouslyC.無(wú)變化地，單調(diào)地

D.apparentlyD.顯然地

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】定位第二段第三句“然而，沒有理由僅因?yàn)樯虡I(yè)制造商采用了一種機(jī)械的錄音方法來(lái)錄制散拍樂，而這是當(dāng)時(shí)錄制鋼琴音樂的唯一方法，就認(rèn)為散拍樂inherently就是呆板的”，在第一句也同樣提到“有時(shí)人們認(rèn)為散拍樂是呆板的”，從中我們可以推測(cè)，inherently表示“本來(lái)的”的意思，所以A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不正確，屬于曲解原文。

38.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

38.AccordingtoParagraph3,allthefollowingarewhattheragtimecomposermostconcernedwithEXCEPT______.38.根據(jù)第三段，除了______，下面所有的都是散拍樂曲作曲家最關(guān)心的。

A.developmentofmusicalthemesA.音樂主題發(fā)展

B.asubjectdownintactinfinishedformB.一個(gè)完整的主題

C.clear,sharpmelodicfiguresC.清晰的、尖銳的旋律

D.connectingittovariousrelatedsubjectsD.將其與各種相關(guān)主題聯(lián)系起來(lái)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位第三段倒數(shù)第二句“散拍樂作曲家關(guān)心的不是音樂主題的發(fā)展（Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes），而是把一個(gè)完整的主題（atheme）以完整的形式記錄下來(lái)，并把它與各種相關(guān)的主題聯(lián)系起來(lái)（linksittovariousrelatedthemes）”，以及倒數(shù)第三句“因此，主題必須是簡(jiǎn)短的，清晰的，尖銳的旋律（clear,sharpmelodicfigures）”，從中可知A項(xiàng)是散拍樂曲作曲家不關(guān)心的。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均是散拍樂曲作曲家關(guān)心的。

39.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

39.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenragtimeandjazz?39.根據(jù)第四段，散拍樂和爵士樂的主要區(qū)別是什么？

A.Aninstrumentalandmusicaltechniques.A.一種樂器技巧和音樂技巧。

B.Aninstrumentalmannerandamelody.B.一種樂器方法和旋律。

C.Agenreandmusicaltechniques.C.音樂流派和音樂技巧。

D.Aninstrumentalmannerandagenre.D.一種樂器方法和流派。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位至第四段，文中提到“無(wú)論是作為一種器樂風(fēng)格（institutionalstyle）還是一種流派（genre），散拍樂都與爵士樂截然不同”，從中可知，散拍樂和爵士樂主要在于institutionalstyle和genre上的區(qū)別，D選項(xiàng)表達(dá)最完整，因此正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)表達(dá)不全面，屬于以偏概全。

40.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

40.Itcaninferredthattheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatthemostimportantfeatureofragtimemusicisits______.40.可以推斷出，文章的作者認(rèn)為散拍樂最重要的特征是它的______。

A.formalstructureA.形式結(jié)構(gòu)

B.emotionalrangeB.情緒廣度

C.improvisationalopportunitiesC.即興機(jī)會(huì)

D.roleasaforerunnerofjazzD.爵士樂先驅(qū)的角色

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“散拍樂的精確性不是一種呆板的精確，這種精確也并不局限于表演風(fēng)格，它來(lái)自于散拍樂遵循的一個(gè)明確定義的形式（awell-definedform），并在這個(gè)形式中遵守簡(jiǎn)單的規(guī)則”，第三段第一句“鋼琴散拍樂的經(jīng)典形式（classicformula）就是在16小節(jié)的旋律中安排3到5個(gè)主題，并且經(jīng)常以重復(fù)的形式組織起來(lái)（organizedwithrepeats）”，以及最后一段中的“散拍樂風(fēng)格強(qiáng)調(diào)的是重復(fù)的音樂節(jié)奏（apatternofrepeatedrhythms）……散拍樂要求嚴(yán)格注意結(jié)構(gòu)（requiresstrictattentionofstructure）……”，從中我們可以看出，散拍樂的特點(diǎn)就是遵循明確的形式規(guī)則和編曲結(jié)構(gòu)，所以A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)屬于編曲結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)之一，但并不全面，屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)定位文章最后一句“散拍樂與其說(shuō)是爵士樂，不如說(shuō)是19世紀(jì)的民間音樂”可知，選項(xiàng)中的forerunner并不符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

6.單選題

Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproductionandisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe'SecondIndustrialRevolution'.

Labor'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventuallytheresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.

Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.

1.Thoughthelaborworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itneverdoubtsthat（

）.

2.Theideaofthe"improvementfactor'(Para.3)impliesroughly

（

）.

3.Inordertogetthefullbenefitsofautomation,laborwilldependmostlyon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.automationwilleventuallypreventunemployment

B.automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewskills

C.automationwilleventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthantheemployers

D.automationisatrendwhichcannotbestopped

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofservice

B.thebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsshouldbesharedbyworkers

C.supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansshouldbepromoted

D.thetransitiontoautomationshouldbebroughtaboutwiththeminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstoworkers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.shorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretime

B.theincreaseofwagesinproportiontotheincreaseinproductivity

C.additionalpaymenttothepermanentlydismissalworkers

D.strongdriveforpla