考研考博-英語-蘭州職業(yè)技術(shù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-蘭州職業(yè)技術(shù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

AdamSmith,writinginthe1770s,wasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionoflaborandtoexplainpartofitsadvantages.HegivesasanexampletheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.

“Onemandrawsoutthewire;anotherstrengthensit;athirdcutsit;afourthpointsit;afifthgrindsitatthetoptoprepareittoreceivethehead.Tomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreeoperations.Toputitonisaseparateoperation,topolishthepinsisanother.Andtheimportantbusinessofmakingpinsis,inthismanner,dividedintoabouteighteenoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.”

Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsperworker.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,noneofthemcouldhavemadetwentypinsinadayandperhapsnotevenone.

Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentandthatitaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew;itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.

1.Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto（）.

2.AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor（）.

3.AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto（）.

4.Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith’smistakewasinbelievingthatdivisionoflabor（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldserveasanappropriatetitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.takeadvantageofthedivisionoflabor

B.introducethedivisionoflaborintoEngland

C.understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflabor

D.explainthecausesofthedivisionoflabor

問題2選項

A.enabledeachworkertomakepinsmorequicklyandmorecheaply

B.increasedthepossibleoutputperworker

C.increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactories

D.improvedthequalityofpinsproduced

問題3選項

A.showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflabor

B.showtheadvantagesoftheoldcraftsystem

C.emphasizehowpowerfultheindividualworkerwas

D.emphasizetheimportanceofincreasedproduction

問題4選項

A.wasanefficientwayoforganizingwork

B.wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproduction

C.certainlyledtoeconomicdevelopment

D.increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods

問題5選項

A.AdamSmith,theEnglishEconomist

B.TheTheoryofDivisionofLabor

C.DivisionofLabor,anEfficientWayofOrganizingWork

D.AdamSmith,theLastDiscovererofDivisionofLabor

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，AdamSmith是第一個認識到勞動分工的重要性并解釋其部分優(yōu)勢的人。選項C符合原文。

2.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.”可知，勞動分工增加了每個工人盡可能多的產(chǎn)量，所以選項B正確。

3.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，如果沒有進行分工，沒有工人能在一天內(nèi)完成二十枚別針，甚至連一枚都做不成，而通過分工合作，相當于每個工人生產(chǎn)4800枚別針，作者是想通過這一數(shù)字來說明分工的優(yōu)勢。選項A正確。

4.細節(jié)推斷題。最后一段第三句“AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment...”但他也理所當然地認為，勞動分工本質(zhì)上對經(jīng)濟增長和發(fā)展負責。選項C符合原文。

5.主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是勞動分工，重點不是在于AdamSmith也不是講述理論，所以選項C最能概括全文。

2.單選題

Thereisno（）whateverforthemannerinwhichyoubehavedfoolishlyattheEnglishparty.

問題1選項

A.jurisdiction

B.justification

C.judgment

D.junction

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項jurisdiction“司法權(quán)，審判權(quán)，管轄權(quán)；權(quán)限”；B選項justification“理由；辯護；認為有理”；C選項judgment“判斷；裁判；判決書”；D選項junction“連接；交叉點；接合點”。句意：你在英語晚會上的愚蠢行為根本就沒有……。此處表示“愚蠢行為”是無理的，B選項符合句意要求。

3.單選題

（）thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.

問題1選項

A.Socleveraretheconstructionrobots

B.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsare

C.Suchconstructionrobotsareclever

D.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。so/such和that搭配都可引導結(jié)果狀語從句，such后接名詞，so后接副詞或形容詞，結(jié)構(gòu)：so+adj.+a/an+名詞，such+a/an+adj.+名詞，so和such謂語句首要用部分倒裝，選項A符合題意。句意：建筑用機器人是如此的聰明，以至于他們能夠減少工地用量的百分之九十。選項A符合題意。

4.翻譯題

Ihavesuggestedthatself-actualizerscanbedefinedaspeoplewhoarenolongermotivatedbytheneedsforsafety,belongingness,love，status,andself-respectbecausetheseneedshavealreadybeensatisfied.Whythenshouldalove-gratifiedpersonfallinlove?（1）Certainlynotforthesamereasonsthatmotivatethelove-deprivedperson,whofallsinlovebecauseheneedsandcraveslove,becausehelacksit,andisimpelledtomakeupthisdeficiency.

Self-actualizershavenoseriousdeficienciestomakeupandmustnowbelookeduponasfreedforgrowth，maturation,development，inaword,forthefulfillmentandactualizationoftheirhighestindividualandspeciesnature.Whatsuchpeopledoemanatesfromgrowthandexpressesitwithoutstriving.（2）Theylovebecausetheyarelovingpersons，inthesamewaythattheyarekind,honest,natural,i.e.,becauseitistheirnaturetobesospontaneous,asastrongmanisstrongwithoutwillingtobe,asaroseemitsperfume,asacatisgraceful,orasachildischildish.Suchepiphenomenaareaslittlemotivatedasisphysicalgrowthorpsychologicalmaturation.

Thereislittleofthetrying,straining,orstrivinginthelovingoftheself-actualizerthatsodominatesthelovingoftheaverageperson.Inphilosophicallanguage,itisanaspectofbeingaswellasofbecomingandbanbecalledB-love,that,lovefortheBeingoftheother.

（3）Aparadoxseemstobecreatedatfirstsightbythefactthatself-actualizingpeoplemaintainadegreeofindividuality,ofdetachment,andautonomythatseemsatfirstglancetobeincompatiblewiththekindofidentificationandlovethatIhavebeendescribingabove.Butthisisonlyanapparentparadox.（4）Aswehaveseen,thetendenciestodetachmentandtoneedidentificationandtoprofoundinterrelationshipswithanotherpersoncancoexistinhealthypeople.Thefactisthatself-actualizingpeoplearesimultaneouslythemostindividualisticandthemostaltruisticandsocialandlovingofallhumanbeings.Thefactthatwehaveinourcultureputthesequalitiesatoppositeendsofasinglecontinuumisapparentlyamistakethatmustnowbecorrected.Thesequalitiesgotogetherandthedichotomyisresolvedinself-actualizingpeople.

（5）Wefindinoursubjectsahealthyselfishness,agreatself-respect,adisinclinationtomakesacrificeswithoutgoodreason.

【答案】1.當然和那些缺愛的人愛上別人的原因不一樣。他愛上別人是因為他需要愛，他渴望愛；因為他缺乏愛，所以他必須要彌補這個缺失。

2.他們?nèi)凼且驗樗麄兪怯袗鄣娜?，正如同他們善良、誠實、自然一樣，這些都是他們自然流露出的天性。一個強壯的人無須刻意追求強壯，正如玫瑰散發(fā)芳香，貓咪生性優(yōu)雅，而孩童天然單純。

3.初看之下自相矛盾之處在于：自我實現(xiàn)的人要確保某種程度的個性、超脫和獨立自主，而在看上去似乎和我上面一直在描述的那種愛和認同感的特點不相吻合。

4.如我們所知，在健康的人身上，超脫的性情、需要認同感的偏好以及想和另一個人有深度關(guān)系的傾向是可以共存的。

5.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在我們的試驗對象身上有一種健康的自我中心主義、一種偉大的自我尊重，以及一種對動不動就自我犧牲的厭惡。

5.寫作題

Inmanycountrieschildrenareengagedinsomekindofpaidwork.Somepeopleregardthisascompletelywrong,whileothersconsideritasvaluableworkexperience,importantforlearningandtakingresponsibility.Whatareyouropinionsonthis?Writeapassageonthetopicinabout200words.YoumustwriteclearlyandlogicallyonyourAnswerSheet.

【答案】略。

6.單選題

Joereturnedfromvacationandwokeupcompletely（）.

問題1選項

A.refreshed

B.beingrefreshed

C.havingrefreshed

D.havingbeenrefreshed

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。B選項是動名詞的被動形式，“beingdone”，C選項是動名詞的完成形式“havingdone”，D選項是動名詞的完成+被動形式“havingbeendone”，句意：喬度假回來，醒來后精神抖擻。所以本題的正確答案應(yīng)該是A選項。

7.單選題

Wesincerelyhopeyouwillsoonbe（）tohealth.

問題1選項

A.restored

B.recovered

C.returned

D.renewed

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restore（to）“恢復，恢復成（某個樣子），及物動詞，多用于被動語態(tài)，強調(diào)用外力來恢復原狀”。句意：我們真誠地希望你們不久就能恢復健康。根據(jù)句意，A為正確答案。

8.單選題

Judgesmustbefirm,fairand（

）intheirapplicationofthelaw.

問題1選項

A.normal

B.virtual

C.consistent

D.incessant

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容詞辨析。normal“正常的”；virtual“虛擬的”；consistent“一致的”；incessant“持續(xù)不斷的”。句意：法官在實施法律時，必須做到堅定、公正、一致。選項C符合句意。

9.翻譯題

Thesupposed“consensus”onman-madeglobalwarmingisfacinganinconvenientchallenge,afterthereleaseofnewtemperaturedatashowingtheplanethasnotwarmedforthepast15years.Thefiguressuggestthatwecouldevenbeheadingforaminiiceagetorivalthe70-yeartemperaturedropthatsawfrostfairsheldontheThamesinthe17thCentury.Basedonreadingsfrommorethan30.000measuringstations,thedatawasissuedlastweekwithoutfanfarebytheMetOfficeandtheUniversityofEastAngliaClimaticResearchUnit.Itconfirmsthattherisingtrendinworldtemperaturesendedin1997.Meanwhile,leadingclimatescientistsyesterdaytoldTheMailonSundaythat,afteremittingunusuallyhighlevelsofenergythroughoutthe20thCentury,thesunisnowheadingtowardsa"grandminimum"initsoutput,threateningcoldsummers,bitterwintersandashorteningoftheseasonavailableforgrowingfood.Solaroutputgoesthrough11-yearcycles,withhighnumbersofsunspotsseenattheirpeak.Wearenowatwhatshouldbethepeakofwhatscientistscall"Cycle24'—whichiswhylastweek'ssolarstormresultedinsightingsoftheauroraborealisfurthersouththanusual.Butsunspotnumbersarerunningatlessthanhalfthoseseenduringcyclepeaksinthe20thCentury.

AnalysisbyexpertsatNASAandtheUniversityofArizona―derivedfrommagnetic-fieldmeasurements120,000milesbeneaththesun'ssurface—suggestthatcycle25,whosepeakisduein2022,willbeagreatdealweakerstill.AccordingtoapaperissuedlastweekbytheMetOffice,thereisa92percentchancethatbothcycle25andthosetakingplaceinthefollowingdecadeswillbeaspeakas,orweakerthanthe"Daltonminimum”of1790to1830.Inthisperiod,namedafterthemeteorologistJohnDalton,averagetemperaturesinpartsofEuropefellby2°C.However,itisalsopossiblethatthenewsolarenergyslumpcouldbeasdeepasthe“Maunderminimum"(afterastronomerEdwardMaundeo,between1645and1715inthecoldestpartofthe"LittleIceAge"when,aswellastheThamesfrostfairs,thecanalsofHollandfrozesolid.

【答案】新的氣溫數(shù)據(jù)顯示，地球在過去15年沒有變暖。這一數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)布之后，人為造成全球變暖的所謂“共識”面臨棘手的挑戰(zhàn)。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，我們可能即將經(jīng)歷小冰河期，堪比那次70年的降溫期。在17世紀，泰晤士河都冰凍了。上周，英國氣象局和東安格利亞大學氣候研究中心悄無聲息地發(fā)布了來自3萬多個測量站的讀數(shù)，確認全球氣溫上升趨勢終止于1997年。昨日主流氣候科學家對《星期日郵報》稱，太陽在整個20世紀釋放出異乎尋常的高能量，現(xiàn)在正走向其輸出能量的“最低值”，人類將面臨冷夏、凜冬以及糧食種植季節(jié)縮短。太陽活動周期為11年，在高峰期會出現(xiàn)大量太陽黑子。我們現(xiàn)在正處于科學家所稱“第24個周期”中的高峰期，這就是為什么上周太陽風暴會導致比往常更偏南的位置出現(xiàn)北極光。但是，太陽黑子的數(shù)量還不到20世紀太陽活動周期峰值的一半。

美國國家航空航天局和亞利桑那大學的專家對太陽表面以下12萬英里處的磁場測量數(shù)據(jù)進行了分析，結(jié)果表明，第25個太陽活動周期的峰值將于2022年到來，其強度仍將大大減弱。據(jù)英國氣象局上周發(fā)布的一份報告，第25個太陽活動周期和隨后幾十年的周期，有92%的幾率達到或弱于1790年至1830年的“道爾頓最低點”。在以氣象學家約翰·道爾頓命名這段時期中，歐洲部分地區(qū)的平均氣溫下降了2攝氏度。然而，這次新的太陽能量暴跌也有可能達到“蒙德最低點”(以天文學家愛德華·蒙德的名字命名)的幅度，也就是1645年到1715年的“小冰河期”最冷的時候，那時荷蘭的運河、泰晤士河都冰封凍結(jié)了。

10.單選題

Thefactory’swastewasfoundtobedetrimentaltotheenvironment.

問題1選項

A.harmful

B.helpful

C.harmless

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。detrimental表示“不利的，有害的”；A項harmful“有害的”，B項helpful“有幫助的”，C項harmless“無害的”，D項harsh“嚴厲的，嚴酷的”。句意：人們發(fā)現(xiàn)這家工廠的廢物對環(huán)境有害。因此A項正確。

11.單選題

Despitethefactthatthetwocouncilmembersbelongedtodifferentpoliticalparties,they______theissueofhowtofinancethetowndebt.

問題1選項

A.attested

B.reportedon

C.disdainfor

D.consentto

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞及詞組辨析。A項attest“證明，證實”，B項reporton“報告，匯報，就……作報告”，C項disdainfor“蔑視，鄙視”，D項consentto“同意，答應(yīng)”。由despite可知，前后句子為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前半句的意思是“盡管這兩名委員會成員屬于不同的政黨”，那么可以推測they______theissue的意思應(yīng)該是“但是他們都同意這個事情”，D項符合。句意：盡管這兩名委員會成員屬于不同的政黨，但他們同意如何為城鎮(zhèn)債務(wù)融資的問題。因此，該題選擇D項。

12.單選題

Itmakesmesicktothinkofhishighly______manners.

問題1選項

A.artistic

B.artful

C.artless

D.artificial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項artistic“藝術(shù)的、有美感的”；B項artful“巧妙的、狡猾的”；C項artless“天真的、樸實的”；D項artificial“人造的、仿造的、虛偽的”；句意：我一想到他那矯揉造作的舉止就覺得惡心。因此該題D項正確。

13.單選題

Theratiooftheworkdonebythemachine（

）theworkdoneonitiscalledtheefficiencyofthemachine.

問題1選項

A.against

B.with

C.to

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。theratioofAtoB表示“A與B之比”。句意：機械所做的功與其受到的功之比稱為機械的效率。答案C

14.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Paintingsarestatic.Theuniquenessoftheexperienceoflookingatapaintingrepeatedly—overaperiodofdaysoryearsisthat,inthemidstofflux,theimageremainschangeless.Ofcoursethesignificanceoftheimagemaychange,asaresultofeitherhistoricalorpersonaldevelopments,butwhatisdepictedisunchanging:thesamemilkflowingfromthesamejug,thewavesontheseawithexactlythesameformationunbroken,thesmileandthefacewhichhavenotaltered.

Onemightbetemptedtosaythatpaintingspreserveamoment.Yetonreflectionthisisobviouslyuntrue.Forthemomentofapainting,unlikeamomentphotographed,neverexistedassuch.Andsoapaintingcannotbesaidtopreserveit.Ifapainting“stops”time,itisnot,likeaphotograph,preservingamomentofthepastfromthesupersessionofsucceedingmoments.

【答案】繪畫是靜態(tài)的。在幾天或幾年時間里反復看一幅畫的經(jīng)歷的獨特性在于畫的內(nèi)容在變遷中仍然保持不變。當然，由于歷史或個人發(fā)展,盡管該圖像的意義可能會改變,但描述的內(nèi)容是不變的:一樣的奶瓶中流出的一樣的牛奶，海面上完全一樣的完整的波浪，不變的微笑和笑臉。

人們可能會說，繪畫保存了一個瞬間。然而，仔細想想，這顯然是不真實的。因為與被拍攝的瞬間不一樣，繪畫中的瞬間從未存在。因此，不能說一幅畫保存了一個瞬間。如果一幅畫留住了某個瞬間，那么它就不能保存代替隨后瞬間的過去瞬間，就像相片一樣。

15.單選題

Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.Somearepets,andofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.Dogs,whichservemaninallthreecapacities,arefoundinvariousbreedsinallcountriesoftheworld.TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.Theinhabitantsofcertaincountriesaredependentfortheirverylivesonthecamel.IntheWestIndiesthelittledonkey,strongandsure-footed,carryingheavyloadseveninmountainousplaces,isafamiliarsight.

Trainedandtamedformanygenerations,domesticanimalsarenotaccustomedtoroaming(到處走動)insearchoffoodandshelter.Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.

Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.Itmustbesuitableforthem,sufficientinquantity,freshandclean.Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistless(倦怠的)anddull.Thequantityoffooddependsonthesizeoftheanimalandtheamountofexerciseittakes.Overfeedingisasbadasunderfeeding.Containersforfoodandwatermustbewashedregularlyiftheanimalistomaintaingoodhealth.

Evenwellcaredforanimalsmaysometimesfallill.Ifthishappens,thewisemasterseeksthebestadvicehecanget.Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.Useful,friendly,hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime,moneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.

1.Whatmainideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Whenananimalisunderfed,itwillprobably________.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofdogsaccordingtothepassage?

4.Tokeepadomesticanimalphysicallyfit,itsownerisadvised________.

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbebestTITLEforthispassage?

問題1選項

A.Insomeregionsadonkeyseemstobeaveryusefulbeast.

B.Ananimalwillbeuselessunlessdomesticated.

C.Thereexiststhousandsofspeciesofanimalsintheworld.

D.Mancametoestablishacloserelationshipwithanumberofanimals.

問題2選項

A.requireitsmastertooffersomefood

B.seekforfoodonitsown

C.refusetoobeyitsmaster

D.immediatelyfallill

問題3選項

A.Thereliveagreatvarietyofbreedsofdogsontheglobe.

B.TheHuskyandtheSalukiarethestrongestbreedeverknownintheworld.

C.Theycanactasfriends,guards,andservantstoman.

D.Theyhavegreatadaptationfortheenvironment.

問題4選項

A.nottoallowittotakeexcessiveamountsofexercise

B.tojoinsomesortofpet-keepingorganizations

C.nottohesitatetospendenormousamountofmoneyonit

D.topayattentiontoitsproperfeeding

問題5選項

A.TheAdvantagesofRaisingDomesticAnimals.

B.SomeTipsonPet-keeping.

C.DomesticatedAnimals-Man’sBestfriend.

D.ProperDiet-theRoadtoHealth.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.（在世界上存在的成千上萬種不同的動物中，人類已經(jīng)學會了與大量的動物交朋友。），可知人類和許多動物關(guān)系密切，隨后舉出具體的例子，D選項“人與許多動物建立了密切的關(guān)系”正確。A選項“在某些地區(qū)，驢似乎是一種非常有用的牲畜”，B選項“除非被馴化，否則動物是無用的”和C選項“世界上有成千上萬種動物”不是表達的重點。因此D選項正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.（他們指望主人滿足他們的需要，只要主人滿足了他們的需要，他們就滿足于去做主人所要求的事情。），可知家畜把所有需求的滿足放在主人身上，如果不被滿足，就不會服從主人，C選項“拒絕服從主人”正確，B選項“尋找食物”錯誤。A選項“要求它的主人給一些食物”：動物不會表達明確的要求，故錯誤。D選項“很快病倒”：根據(jù)第三段第三句Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistlessanddull.（有些人用餐桌上的殘羹剩飯來喂寵物狗或貓，然后又想知道為什么這些動物看起來無精打采。），可知缺乏營養(yǎng)不會讓動物馬上病倒，而是沒有精神。因此C選項正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第四句TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.（哈士奇可以生活在寒冷的極地地區(qū)，而薩盧基則生活在中非最熱的地區(qū)。），哈士奇和薩盧基分別可以在極寒和極熱的地方生活，可以說明狗對環(huán)境的適應(yīng)力很強，但不能說明它們是最強壯的狗，A選項“地球上生活著各種品種的狗”和D選項“他們對環(huán)境有很大的適應(yīng)能力”符合文章內(nèi)容，B選項“哈士奇和薩盧基是世界上已知的最強壯的品種”不符合文章內(nèi)容。C選項“他們可以充當人類的朋友、守衛(wèi)和仆人”：根據(jù)第一段第二句Somearepets,andofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.（有些是寵物，給他陪伴，有些給他保護，有些做人類自己不能做的艱苦工作。），分別對應(yīng)朋友、守衛(wèi)和仆人的角色，符合文章內(nèi)容。因此B選項正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者在第三段第一句提出Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.（所有的家畜都需要適當進食。），隨后具體地說明如何適當進食，D選項“注意適當喂養(yǎng)”正確。A選項“不允許它進行過量的運動”：文中沒有提到。B選項“加入寵物飼養(yǎng)組織”：根據(jù)第四段第三句Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.（生病的動物可以得到各種各樣的藥物和治療，在一些國家有組織免費或低價提供。），可知這主要是針對治病，而不是保持身體健康。C選項“毫不猶豫地花大量的錢來照顧”：Useful,friendly,hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime,moneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.（這些有用、友好、勤勞的動物值得為它們的健康花費一些時間、金錢和注意力。），這里指花費一些金錢而不是大量。因此D選項正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出人類需要家養(yǎng)動物，第二段講家養(yǎng)動物需要人類獲取住所和食物，第三段和第四段講如何照顧家養(yǎng)動物，綜合來看，C選項“家養(yǎng)動物——人類最好的朋友”正確。A選項“飼養(yǎng)家畜的優(yōu)點”和B選項“養(yǎng)寵物的一些建議”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。D選項“正確的飲食——通往健康之路”：文章不是講飲食，而是家養(yǎng)動物。因此C選項正確。

16.單選題

Onmanyoccasions,wetendtointerprettheactionsofchildren（）ourownexperienceasanadult.

問題1選項

A.forthesakeof

B.onbehalfof

C.intermsof

D.inaccordancewith

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞短語。A選項forthesakeof“為了”；B選項onbehalfof“代表”；C選項intermsof“依據(jù)，在……方面”；D選項inaccordancewith“與……一致”。句意：在很多時候，我們傾向于依據(jù)自己作為一個成年人的經(jīng)驗來解釋孩子的行為。根據(jù)空格前后的句意關(guān)系，只有C選項intermsof“依據(jù)，在……方面”符合句意，其他選項意思不對。因此C選項正確。

17.單選題

TheGermangeneralstaffmadeanotherdangerousconcessiontowhattheyconsideredamilitarynecessity.Theplanwouldbe（）notwhencountriesformallydeclaredwarbutsimplywhentheyorderedmobilization.

問題1選項

A.triggered

B.triggering

C.trifling

D.trifled

【答案】A

【解析】trigger引起，發(fā)動；trifle浪費，嘲弄。根據(jù)句意：德國總參謀部對他們認為是軍事需要的東西又作了危險的讓步。該計劃不會在國家正式宣戰(zhàn)時啟動，而只是在國家下令動員時啟動。首先排除選項C和D，計劃是被啟動，所以選項A正確。

18.單選題

Everycountryandculture,whetherit’sasancientasIndiaorasyoungastheCzechRepublic,hasahistorythatwillgreatlyaffectboththemarketandthemarketer.Amarketthathasbeenheavilyexploitedinthepastbyforeignerswillturnapredictablyskepticaleyetowardanyoverseascompanyseekingnewsalesterritory.Itmayevenrefuseproductsthatcouldgreatlybenefitthesociety.Understandingthathistorywillenableamarketertoapproachthecultureinamoresubtlemanner,anditwillcertainlycauseanadjustmentofschedule.Ontheotherend,aculturethathasbeenmarkedbyindependenceforsometimewillhavefewfearsofforeignoperationsandmayfindthesubtleapproachfartoolacklusterandslow.

Marketersmaybringtheirownbusinesstotheprocessandshouldtakecaretoseparatethemselves,atleastemotionally,fromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.Oftentimes,thisincludesracialprejudicesthataredifficulttoshake,earlierpoliticaldisagreementsthathaveneverbeenfullysettled,ofoldunhealedwarwounds.

Let’slookattheraceissuefirst.CompanieswithCaucasianmarketingpersonnelreturningtopost-apartheidSouthAfricaaregenerallyplaguedwithafeelingthattheyowesomethingtothenewblackmajoritygovernment.It’sacompletelyself-generateddebtasthegovernmentis,inreality,overjoyedthatinvestmenthasreturnedafterthelongembargo.However,thisjoydoesn’tpreventSouthAfricacompaniesfromtakingadvantageofcounterparts’guiltfeelingswhenit’stimetocutadeal.

Onthepoliticalfront,therelationship,betweenVietnamandtheUnitedStatesisaprimeexampleoftwosetsofmarketersmisinterpretingeachother’shistoryandculturewhenitcametimetodobusiness.Followinginthewakeofthebloodytwo-decadewarthatendedin1975,theUnitedStatesandVietnamfinallyreopenedtradein1994.TheVietnameseassumedthatAmericanbusinesscommunitywouldheapinvestmentonthemtomakeupforpastwrong,whiletheAmericanthoughttheywouldbewelcomedasthesaviorsofVietnam’sflounderingeconomy.MostofAmerica’smarketerssenttoVietnamweresmallchildrenduringthewar,andtheconflicthadlittlebearingontheirlives.Vietnam’sdecisionmakersontheotherhandwereprimarilyveteransoftheconflictandsawitasthekeyelementoftherelationship.Neithersidepaidattentiontotheother’sviewofhistorynortheresultshavebeendecidedlydisappointingforalmosteveryone.

1.Thepassagemainlydiscussesthat（）.

2.Itisadvisableforamarketerto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

4.TheCaucasianexampleindicatesthat（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

問題1選項

A.culturaldifferencesforcecompaniestoadjustschedule

B.marketingsuccessandfailurearemuchlikehistory

C.developingcountriesarehostiletodevelopedcountries

D.thehistoryofacountryorcultureinfluencesthemarket

問題2選項

A.understandthehistoryofacountryorculture

B.exploitthemarketwithgreateffort

C.keepaskepticaleyeonoverseascompanies

D.slowdownforeignoperations

問題3選項

A.Marketeersshouldberesponsiblefortheburdensofthepast.

B.Marketeersshouldseparatethemselvesfromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.

C.Marketeersshoulddisagreeonracialprejudices.

D.Marketeersshouldtakecareofthewoundedinthewar.

問題4選項

A.SouthAfricansareplaguedwithaguiltyfeeling

B.SouthAfricansareoverlovedwiththeoverseasinvestment

C.SouthAfricansowedebtstoCaucasiancompany

D.SouthAfricancompaniestakeadvantageoftheircounterpart’sguiltyfeelings

問題5選項

A.ThefailureofthereopenedtradebetweenAmericanandVietnamshouldbetakenasalesson.

B.TheVietnamesetakeitforgrantedthattheAmericanbusinesscommunitywillinvestmoneyinVietnamtomakeupforpastwrongs.

C.TherelationshipbetweenVietnamandtheUSisagoodexampleofforgettingthepast.

D.Misinterpretinghistoryandcultureleadstobusinessfailure.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文開頭“Everycountryandculture,whetherit’sasancientasIndiaorasyoungastheCzechRepublic,hasahistorythatwillgreatlyaffectboththemarketandthemarketer.每個國家和文化，無論是像印度一樣古老還是像捷克共和國一樣年輕，都有一段對市場和營銷人員都有巨大影響的歷史。并且文中列舉了兩個例子來論證一個國家的文化或歷史會影響市場。故D項正確。/r/