考研考博-英語(yǔ)-蘭州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-蘭州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

AdamSmith,writinginthe1770s,wasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionoflaborandtoexplainpartofitsadvantages.HegivesasanexampletheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.

“Onemandrawsoutthewire;anotherstrengthensit;athirdcutsit;afourthpointsit;afifthgrindsitatthetoptoprepareittoreceivethehead.Tomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreeoperations.Toputitonisaseparateoperation,topolishthepinsisanother.Andtheimportantbusinessofmakingpinsis,inthismanner,dividedintoabouteighteenoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.”

Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsperworker.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,noneofthemcouldhavemadetwentypinsinadayandperhapsnotevenone.

Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentandthatitaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew;itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.

1.Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto（）.

2.AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor（）.

3.AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto（）.

4.Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith’smistakewasinbelievingthatdivisionoflabor（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldserveasanappropriatetitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeadvantageofthedivisionoflabor

B.introducethedivisionoflaborintoEngland

C.understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflabor

D.explainthecausesofthedivisionoflabor

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.enabledeachworkertomakepinsmorequicklyandmorecheaply

B.increasedthepossibleoutputperworker

C.increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactories

D.improvedthequalityofpinsproduced

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflabor

B.showtheadvantagesoftheoldcraftsystem

C.emphasizehowpowerfultheindividualworkerwas

D.emphasizetheimportanceofincreasedproduction

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wasanefficientwayoforganizingwork

B.wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproduction

C.certainlyledtoeconomicdevelopment

D.increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AdamSmith,theEnglishEconomist

B.TheTheoryofDivisionofLabor

C.DivisionofLabor,anEfficientWayofOrganizingWork

D.AdamSmith,theLastDiscovererofDivisionofLabor

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，AdamSmith是第一個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)到勞動(dòng)分工的重要性并解釋其部分優(yōu)勢(shì)的人。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.”可知，勞動(dòng)分工增加了每個(gè)工人盡可能多的產(chǎn)量，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，如果沒有進(jìn)行分工，沒有工人能在一天內(nèi)完成二十枚別針，甚至連一枚都做不成，而通過分工合作，相當(dāng)于每個(gè)工人生產(chǎn)4800枚別針，作者是想通過這一數(shù)字來(lái)說(shuō)明分工的優(yōu)勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。最后一段第三句“AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment...”但他也理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，勞動(dòng)分工本質(zhì)上對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展負(fù)責(zé)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是勞動(dòng)分工，重點(diǎn)不是在于AdamSmith也不是講述理論，所以選項(xiàng)C最能概括全文。

2.單選題

Thereisno（）whateverforthemannerinwhichyoubehavedfoolishlyattheEnglishparty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.jurisdiction

B.justification

C.judgment

D.junction

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)jurisdiction“司法權(quán)，審判權(quán)，管轄權(quán)；權(quán)限”；B選項(xiàng)justification“理由；辯護(hù)；認(rèn)為有理”；C選項(xiàng)judgment“判斷；裁判；判決書”；D選項(xiàng)junction“連接；交叉點(diǎn)；接合點(diǎn)”。句意：你在英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)上的愚蠢行為根本就沒有……。此處表示“愚蠢行為”是無(wú)理的，B選項(xiàng)符合句意要求。

3.單選題

（）thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Socleveraretheconstructionrobots

B.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsare

C.Suchconstructionrobotsareclever

D.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare

【答案】A

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。so/such和that搭配都可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，such后接名詞，so后接副詞或形容詞，結(jié)構(gòu)：so+adj.+a/an+名詞，such+a/an+adj.+名詞，so和such謂語(yǔ)句首要用部分倒裝，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。句意：建筑用機(jī)器人是如此的聰明，以至于他們能夠減少工地用量的百分之九十。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.翻譯題

Ihavesuggestedthatself-actualizerscanbedefinedaspeoplewhoarenolongermotivatedbytheneedsforsafety,belongingness,love，status,andself-respectbecausetheseneedshavealreadybeensatisfied.Whythenshouldalove-gratifiedpersonfallinlove?（1）Certainlynotforthesamereasonsthatmotivatethelove-deprivedperson,whofallsinlovebecauseheneedsandcraveslove,becausehelacksit,andisimpelledtomakeupthisdeficiency.

Self-actualizershavenoseriousdeficienciestomakeupandmustnowbelookeduponasfreedforgrowth，maturation,development，inaword,forthefulfillmentandactualizationoftheirhighestindividualandspeciesnature.Whatsuchpeopledoemanatesfromgrowthandexpressesitwithoutstriving.（2）Theylovebecausetheyarelovingpersons，inthesamewaythattheyarekind,honest,natural,i.e.,becauseitistheirnaturetobesospontaneous,asastrongmanisstrongwithoutwillingtobe,asaroseemitsperfume,asacatisgraceful,orasachildischildish.Suchepiphenomenaareaslittlemotivatedasisphysicalgrowthorpsychologicalmaturation.

Thereislittleofthetrying,straining,orstrivinginthelovingoftheself-actualizerthatsodominatesthelovingoftheaverageperson.Inphilosophicallanguage,itisanaspectofbeingaswellasofbecomingandbanbecalledB-love,that,lovefortheBeingoftheother.

（3）Aparadoxseemstobecreatedatfirstsightbythefactthatself-actualizingpeoplemaintainadegreeofindividuality,ofdetachment,andautonomythatseemsatfirstglancetobeincompatiblewiththekindofidentificationandlovethatIhavebeendescribingabove.Butthisisonlyanapparentparadox.（4）Aswehaveseen,thetendenciestodetachmentandtoneedidentificationandtoprofoundinterrelationshipswithanotherpersoncancoexistinhealthypeople.Thefactisthatself-actualizingpeoplearesimultaneouslythemostindividualisticandthemostaltruisticandsocialandlovingofallhumanbeings.Thefactthatwehaveinourcultureputthesequalitiesatoppositeendsofasinglecontinuumisapparentlyamistakethatmustnowbecorrected.Thesequalitiesgotogetherandthedichotomyisresolvedinself-actualizingpeople.

（5）Wefindinoursubjectsahealthyselfishness,agreatself-respect,adisinclinationtomakesacrificeswithoutgoodreason.

【答案】1.當(dāng)然和那些缺愛的人愛上別人的原因不一樣。他愛上別人是因?yàn)樗枰獝?，他渴望愛；因?yàn)樗狈?，所以他必須要彌補(bǔ)這個(gè)缺失。

2.他們?nèi)凼且驗(yàn)樗麄兪怯袗鄣娜?，正如同他們善良、誠(chéng)實(shí)、自然一樣，這些都是他們自然流露出的天性。一個(gè)強(qiáng)壯的人無(wú)須刻意追求強(qiáng)壯，正如玫瑰散發(fā)芳香，貓咪生性優(yōu)雅，而孩童天然單純。

3.初看之下自相矛盾之處在于：自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的人要確保某種程度的個(gè)性、超脫和獨(dú)立自主，而在看上去似乎和我上面一直在描述的那種愛和認(rèn)同感的特點(diǎn)不相吻合。

4.如我們所知，在健康的人身上，超脫的性情、需要認(rèn)同感的偏好以及想和另一個(gè)人有深度關(guān)系的傾向是可以共存的。

5.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在我們的試驗(yàn)對(duì)象身上有一種健康的自我中心主義、一種偉大的自我尊重，以及一種對(duì)動(dòng)不動(dòng)就自我犧牲的厭惡。

5.寫作題

Inmanycountrieschildrenareengagedinsomekindofpaidwork.Somepeopleregardthisascompletelywrong,whileothersconsideritasvaluableworkexperience,importantforlearningandtakingresponsibility.Whatareyouropinionsonthis?Writeapassageonthetopicinabout200words.YoumustwriteclearlyandlogicallyonyourAnswerSheet.

【答案】略。

6.單選題

Joereturnedfromvacationandwokeupcompletely（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refreshed

B.beingrefreshed

C.havingrefreshed

D.havingbeenrefreshed

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。B選項(xiàng)是動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式，“beingdone”，C選項(xiàng)是動(dòng)名詞的完成形式“havingdone”，D選項(xiàng)是動(dòng)名詞的完成+被動(dòng)形式“havingbeendone”，句意：?jiǎn)潭燃倩貋?lái)，醒來(lái)后精神抖擻。所以本題的正確答案應(yīng)該是A選項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Wesincerelyhopeyouwillsoonbe（）tohealth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restored

B.recovered

C.returned

D.renewed

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restore（to）“恢復(fù)，恢復(fù)成（某個(gè)樣子），及物動(dòng)詞，多用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)用外力來(lái)恢復(fù)原狀”。句意：我們真誠(chéng)地希望你們不久就能恢復(fù)健康。根據(jù)句意，A為正確答案。

8.單選題

Judgesmustbefirm,fairand（

）intheirapplicationofthelaw.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.normal

B.virtual

C.consistent

D.incessant

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容詞辨析。normal“正常的”；virtual“虛擬的”；consistent“一致的”；incessant“持續(xù)不斷的”。句意：法官在實(shí)施法律時(shí)，必須做到堅(jiān)定、公正、一致。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.翻譯題

Thesupposed“consensus”onman-madeglobalwarmingisfacinganinconvenientchallenge,afterthereleaseofnewtemperaturedatashowingtheplanethasnotwarmedforthepast15years.Thefiguressuggestthatwecouldevenbeheadingforaminiiceagetorivalthe70-yeartemperaturedropthatsawfrostfairsheldontheThamesinthe17thCentury.Basedonreadingsfrommorethan30.000measuringstations,thedatawasissuedlastweekwithoutfanfarebytheMetOfficeandtheUniversityofEastAngliaClimaticResearchUnit.Itconfirmsthattherisingtrendinworldtemperaturesendedin1997.Meanwhile,leadingclimatescientistsyesterdaytoldTheMailonSundaythat,afteremittingunusuallyhighlevelsofenergythroughoutthe20thCentury,thesunisnowheadingtowardsa"grandminimum"initsoutput,threateningcoldsummers,bitterwintersandashorteningoftheseasonavailableforgrowingfood.Solaroutputgoesthrough11-yearcycles,withhighnumbersofsunspotsseenattheirpeak.Wearenowatwhatshouldbethepeakofwhatscientistscall"Cycle24'—whichiswhylastweek'ssolarstormresultedinsightingsoftheauroraborealisfurthersouththanusual.Butsunspotnumbersarerunningatlessthanhalfthoseseenduringcyclepeaksinthe20thCentury.

AnalysisbyexpertsatNASAandtheUniversityofArizona―derivedfrommagnetic-fieldmeasurements120,000milesbeneaththesun'ssurface—suggestthatcycle25,whosepeakisduein2022,willbeagreatdealweakerstill.AccordingtoapaperissuedlastweekbytheMetOffice,thereisa92percentchancethatbothcycle25andthosetakingplaceinthefollowingdecadeswillbeaspeakas,orweakerthanthe"Daltonminimum”of1790to1830.Inthisperiod,namedafterthemeteorologistJohnDalton,averagetemperaturesinpartsofEuropefellby2°C.However,itisalsopossiblethatthenewsolarenergyslumpcouldbeasdeepasthe“Maunderminimum"(afterastronomerEdwardMaundeo,between1645and1715inthecoldestpartofthe"LittleIceAge"when,aswellastheThamesfrostfairs,thecanalsofHollandfrozesolid.

【答案】新的氣溫?cái)?shù)據(jù)顯示，地球在過去15年沒有變暖。這一數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)布之后，人為造成全球變暖的所謂“共識(shí)”面臨棘手的挑戰(zhàn)。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，我們可能即將經(jīng)歷小冰河期，堪比那次70年的降溫期。在17世紀(jì)，泰晤士河都冰凍了。上周，英國(guó)氣象局和東安格利亞大學(xué)氣候研究中心悄無(wú)聲息地發(fā)布了來(lái)自3萬(wàn)多個(gè)測(cè)量站的讀數(shù)，確認(rèn)全球氣溫上升趨勢(shì)終止于1997年。昨日主流氣候科學(xué)家對(duì)《星期日郵報(bào)》稱，太陽(yáng)在整個(gè)20世紀(jì)釋放出異乎尋常的高能量，現(xiàn)在正走向其輸出能量的“最低值”，人類將面臨冷夏、凜冬以及糧食種植季節(jié)縮短。太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期為11年，在高峰期會(huì)出現(xiàn)大量太陽(yáng)黑子。我們現(xiàn)在正處于科學(xué)家所稱“第24個(gè)周期”中的高峰期，這就是為什么上周太陽(yáng)風(fēng)暴會(huì)導(dǎo)致比往常更偏南的位置出現(xiàn)北極光。但是，太陽(yáng)黑子的數(shù)量還不到20世紀(jì)太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期峰值的一半。

美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局和亞利桑那大學(xué)的專家對(duì)太陽(yáng)表面以下12萬(wàn)英里處的磁場(chǎng)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析，結(jié)果表明，第25個(gè)太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期的峰值將于2022年到來(lái)，其強(qiáng)度仍將大大減弱。據(jù)英國(guó)氣象局上周發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告，第25個(gè)太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期和隨后幾十年的周期，有92%的幾率達(dá)到或弱于1790年至1830年的“道爾頓最低點(diǎn)”。在以氣象學(xué)家約翰·道爾頓命名這段時(shí)期中，歐洲部分地區(qū)的平均氣溫下降了2攝氏度。然而，這次新的太陽(yáng)能量暴跌也有可能達(dá)到“蒙德最低點(diǎn)”(以天文學(xué)家愛德華·蒙德的名字命名)的幅度，也就是1645年到1715年的“小冰河期”最冷的時(shí)候，那時(shí)荷蘭的運(yùn)河、泰晤士河都冰封凍結(jié)了。

10.單選題

Thefactory’swastewasfoundtobedetrimentaltotheenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.harmful

B.helpful

C.harmless

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。detrimental表示“不利的，有害的”；A項(xiàng)harmful“有害的”，B項(xiàng)helpful“有幫助的”，C項(xiàng)harmless“無(wú)害的”，D項(xiàng)harsh“嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)酷的”。句意：人們發(fā)現(xiàn)這家工廠的廢物對(duì)環(huán)境有害。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Despitethefactthatthetwocouncilmembersbelongedtodifferentpoliticalparties,they______theissueofhowtofinancethetowndebt.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attested

B.reportedon

C.disdainfor

D.consentto

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)attest“證明，證實(shí)”，B項(xiàng)reporton“報(bào)告，匯報(bào)，就……作報(bào)告”，C項(xiàng)disdainfor“蔑視，鄙視”，D項(xiàng)consentto“同意，答應(yīng)”。由despite可知，前后句子為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前半句的意思是“盡管這兩名委員會(huì)成員屬于不同的政黨”，那么可以推測(cè)they______theissue的意思應(yīng)該是“但是他們都同意這個(gè)事情”，D項(xiàng)符合。句意：盡管這兩名委員會(huì)成員屬于不同的政黨，但他們同意如何為城鎮(zhèn)債務(wù)融資的問題。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Itmakesmesicktothinkofhishighly______manners.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.artistic

B.artful

C.artless

D.artificial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)artistic“藝術(shù)的、有美感的”；B項(xiàng)artful“巧妙的、狡猾的”；C項(xiàng)artless“天真的、樸實(shí)的”；D項(xiàng)artificial“人造的、仿造的、虛偽的”；句意：我一想到他那矯揉造作的舉止就覺得惡心。因此該題D項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Theratiooftheworkdonebythemachine（

）theworkdoneonitiscalledtheefficiencyofthemachine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.against

B.with

C.to

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。theratioofAtoB表示“A與B之比”。句意：機(jī)械所做的功與其受到的功之比稱為機(jī)械的效率。答案C

14.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Paintingsarestatic.Theuniquenessoftheexperienceoflookingatapaintingrepeatedly—overaperiodofdaysoryearsisthat,inthemidstofflux,theimageremainschangeless.Ofcoursethesignificanceoftheimagemaychange,asaresultofeitherhistoricalorpersonaldevelopments,butwhatisdepictedisunchanging:thesamemilkflowingfromthesamejug,thewavesontheseawithexactlythesameformationunbroken,thesmileandthefacewhichhavenotaltered.

Onemightbetemptedtosaythatpaintingspreserveamoment.Yetonreflectionthisisobviouslyuntrue.Forthemomentofapainting,unlikeamomentphotographed,neverexistedassuch.Andsoapaintingcannotbesaidtopreserveit.Ifapainting“stops”time,itisnot,likeaphotograph,preservingamomentofthepastfromthesupersessionofsucceedingmoments.

【答案】繪畫是靜態(tài)的。在幾天或幾年時(shí)間里反復(fù)看一幅畫的經(jīng)歷的獨(dú)特性在于畫的內(nèi)容在變遷中仍然保持不變。當(dāng)然，由于歷史或個(gè)人發(fā)展,盡管該圖像的意義可能會(huì)改變,但描述的內(nèi)容是不變的:一樣的奶瓶中流出的一樣的牛奶，海面上完全一樣的完整的波浪，不變的微笑和笑臉。

人們可能會(huì)說(shuō)，繪畫保存了一個(gè)瞬間。然而，仔細(xì)想想，這顯然是不真實(shí)的。因?yàn)榕c被拍攝的瞬間不一樣，繪畫中的瞬間從未存在。因此，不能說(shuō)一幅畫保存了一個(gè)瞬間。如果一幅畫留住了某個(gè)瞬間，那么它就不能保存代替隨后瞬間的過去瞬間，就像相片一樣。

15.單選題

Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.Somearepets,andofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.Dogs,whichservemaninallthreecapacities,arefoundinvariousbreedsinallcountriesoftheworld.TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.Theinhabitantsofcertaincountriesaredependentfortheirverylivesonthecamel.IntheWestIndiesthelittledonkey,strongandsure-footed,carryingheavyloadseveninmountainousplaces,isafamiliarsight.

Trainedandtamedformanygenerations,domesticanimalsarenotaccustomedtoroaming(到處走動(dòng))insearchoffoodandshelter.Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.

Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.Itmustbesuitableforthem,sufficientinquantity,freshandclean.Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistless(倦怠的)anddull.Thequantityoffooddependsonthesizeoftheanimalandtheamountofexerciseittakes.Overfeedingisasbadasunderfeeding.Containersforfoodandwatermustbewashedregularlyiftheanimalistomaintaingoodhealth.

Evenwellcaredforanimalsmaysometimesfallill.Ifthishappens,thewisemasterseeksthebestadvicehecanget.Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.Useful,friendly,hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime,moneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.

1.Whatmainideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Whenananimalisunderfed,itwillprobably________.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofdogsaccordingtothepassage?

4.Tokeepadomesticanimalphysicallyfit,itsownerisadvised________.

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbebestTITLEforthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Insomeregionsadonkeyseemstobeaveryusefulbeast.

B.Ananimalwillbeuselessunlessdomesticated.

C.Thereexiststhousandsofspeciesofanimalsintheworld.

D.Mancametoestablishacloserelationshipwithanumberofanimals.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.requireitsmastertooffersomefood

B.seekforfoodonitsown

C.refusetoobeyitsmaster

D.immediatelyfallill

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thereliveagreatvarietyofbreedsofdogsontheglobe.

B.TheHuskyandtheSalukiarethestrongestbreedeverknownintheworld.

C.Theycanactasfriends,guards,andservantstoman.

D.Theyhavegreatadaptationfortheenvironment.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.nottoallowittotakeexcessiveamountsofexercise

B.tojoinsomesortofpet-keepingorganizations

C.nottohesitatetospendenormousamountofmoneyonit

D.topayattentiontoitsproperfeeding

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheAdvantagesofRaisingDomesticAnimals.

B.SomeTipsonPet-keeping.

C.DomesticatedAnimals-Man’sBestfriend.

D.ProperDiet-theRoadtoHealth.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.（在世界上存在的成千上萬(wàn)種不同的動(dòng)物中，人類已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了與大量的動(dòng)物交朋友。），可知人類和許多動(dòng)物關(guān)系密切，隨后舉出具體的例子，D選項(xiàng)“人與許多動(dòng)物建立了密切的關(guān)系”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在某些地區(qū)，驢似乎是一種非常有用的牲畜”，B選項(xiàng)“除非被馴化，否則動(dòng)物是無(wú)用的”和C選項(xiàng)“世界上有成千上萬(wàn)種動(dòng)物”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.（他們指望主人滿足他們的需要，只要主人滿足了他們的需要，他們就滿足于去做主人所要求的事情。），可知家畜把所有需求的滿足放在主人身上，如果不被滿足，就不會(huì)服從主人，C選項(xiàng)“拒絕服從主人”正確，B選項(xiàng)“尋找食物”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“要求它的主人給一些食物”：動(dòng)物不會(huì)表達(dá)明確的要求，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“很快病倒”：根據(jù)第三段第三句Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistlessanddull.（有些人用餐桌上的殘羹剩飯來(lái)喂寵物狗或貓，然后又想知道為什么這些動(dòng)物看起來(lái)無(wú)精打采。），可知缺乏營(yíng)養(yǎng)不會(huì)讓動(dòng)物馬上病倒，而是沒有精神。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第四句TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.（哈士奇可以生活在寒冷的極地地區(qū)，而薩盧基則生活在中非最熱的地區(qū)。），哈士奇和薩盧基分別可以在極寒和極熱的地方生活，可以說(shuō)明狗對(duì)環(huán)境的適應(yīng)力很強(qiáng)，但不能說(shuō)明它們是最強(qiáng)壯的狗，A選項(xiàng)“地球上生活著各種品種的狗”和D選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)環(huán)境有很大的適應(yīng)能力”符合文章內(nèi)容，B選項(xiàng)“哈士奇和薩盧基是世界上已知的最強(qiáng)壯的品種”不符合文章內(nèi)容。C選項(xiàng)“他們可以充當(dāng)人類的朋友、守衛(wèi)和仆人”：根據(jù)第一段第二句Somearepets,andofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.（有些是寵物，給他陪伴，有些給他保護(hù)，有些做人類自己不能做的艱苦工作。），分別對(duì)應(yīng)朋友、守衛(wèi)和仆人的角色，符合文章內(nèi)容。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者在第三段第一句提出Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.（所有的家畜都需要適當(dāng)進(jìn)食。），隨后具體地說(shuō)明如何適當(dāng)進(jìn)食，D選項(xiàng)“注意適當(dāng)喂養(yǎng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不允許它進(jìn)行過量的運(yùn)動(dòng)”：文中沒有提到。B選項(xiàng)“加入寵物飼養(yǎng)組織”：根據(jù)第四段第三句Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.（生病的動(dòng)物可以得到各種各樣的藥物和治療，在一些國(guó)家有組織免費(fèi)或低價(jià)提供。），可知這主要是針對(duì)治病，而不是保持身體健康。C選項(xiàng)“毫不猶豫地花大量的錢來(lái)照顧”：Useful,friendly,hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime,moneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.（這些有用、友好、勤勞的動(dòng)物值得為它們的健康花費(fèi)一些時(shí)間、金錢和注意力。），這里指花費(fèi)一些金錢而不是大量。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出人類需要家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物，第二段講家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物需要人類獲取住所和食物，第三段和第四段講如何照顧家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物，綜合來(lái)看，C選項(xiàng)“家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物——人類最好的朋友”正確。A選項(xiàng)“飼養(yǎng)家畜的優(yōu)點(diǎn)”和B選項(xiàng)“養(yǎng)寵物的一些建議”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。D選項(xiàng)“正確的飲食——通往健康之路”：文章不是講飲食，而是家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Onmanyoccasions,wetendtointerprettheactionsofchildren（）ourownexperienceasanadult.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forthesakeof

B.onbehalfof

C.intermsof

D.inaccordancewith

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。A選項(xiàng)forthesakeof“為了”；B選項(xiàng)onbehalfof“代表”；C選項(xiàng)intermsof“依據(jù)，在……方面”；D選項(xiàng)inaccordancewith“與……一致”。句意：在很多時(shí)候，我們傾向于依據(jù)自己作為一個(gè)成年人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)解釋孩子的行為。根據(jù)空格前后的句意關(guān)系，只有C選項(xiàng)intermsof“依據(jù)，在……方面”符合句意，其他選項(xiàng)意思不對(duì)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

TheGermangeneralstaffmadeanotherdangerousconcessiontowhattheyconsideredamilitarynecessity.Theplanwouldbe（）notwhencountriesformallydeclaredwarbutsimplywhentheyorderedmobilization.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.triggered

B.triggering

C.trifling

D.trifled

【答案】A

【解析】trigger引起，發(fā)動(dòng)；trifle浪費(fèi)，嘲弄。根據(jù)句意：德國(guó)總參謀部對(duì)他們認(rèn)為是軍事需要的東西又作了危險(xiǎn)的讓步。該計(jì)劃不會(huì)在國(guó)家正式宣戰(zhàn)時(shí)啟動(dòng)，而只是在國(guó)家下令動(dòng)員時(shí)啟動(dòng)。首先排除選項(xiàng)C和D，計(jì)劃是被啟動(dòng)，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

18.單選題

Everycountryandculture,whetherit’sasancientasIndiaorasyoungastheCzechRepublic,hasahistorythatwillgreatlyaffectboththemarketandthemarketer.Amarketthathasbeenheavilyexploitedinthepastbyforeignerswillturnapredictablyskepticaleyetowardanyoverseascompanyseekingnewsalesterritory.Itmayevenrefuseproductsthatcouldgreatlybenefitthesociety.Understandingthathistorywillenableamarketertoapproachthecultureinamoresubtlemanner,anditwillcertainlycauseanadjustmentofschedule.Ontheotherend,aculturethathasbeenmarkedbyindependenceforsometimewillhavefewfearsofforeignoperationsandmayfindthesubtleapproachfartoolacklusterandslow.

Marketersmaybringtheirownbusinesstotheprocessandshouldtakecaretoseparatethemselves,atleastemotionally,fromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.Oftentimes,thisincludesracialprejudicesthataredifficulttoshake,earlierpoliticaldisagreementsthathaveneverbeenfullysettled,ofoldunhealedwarwounds.

Let’slookattheraceissuefirst.CompanieswithCaucasianmarketingpersonnelreturningtopost-apartheidSouthAfricaaregenerallyplaguedwithafeelingthattheyowesomethingtothenewblackmajoritygovernment.It’sacompletelyself-generateddebtasthegovernmentis,inreality,overjoyedthatinvestmenthasreturnedafterthelongembargo.However,thisjoydoesn’tpreventSouthAfricacompaniesfromtakingadvantageofcounterparts’guiltfeelingswhenit’stimetocutadeal.

Onthepoliticalfront,therelationship,betweenVietnamandtheUnitedStatesisaprimeexampleoftwosetsofmarketersmisinterpretingeachother’shistoryandculturewhenitcametimetodobusiness.Followinginthewakeofthebloodytwo-decadewarthatendedin1975,theUnitedStatesandVietnamfinallyreopenedtradein1994.TheVietnameseassumedthatAmericanbusinesscommunitywouldheapinvestmentonthemtomakeupforpastwrong,whiletheAmericanthoughttheywouldbewelcomedasthesaviorsofVietnam’sflounderingeconomy.MostofAmerica’smarketerssenttoVietnamweresmallchildrenduringthewar,andtheconflicthadlittlebearingontheirlives.Vietnam’sdecisionmakersontheotherhandwereprimarilyveteransoftheconflictandsawitasthekeyelementoftherelationship.Neithersidepaidattentiontotheother’sviewofhistorynortheresultshavebeendecidedlydisappointingforalmosteveryone.

1.Thepassagemainlydiscussesthat（）.

2.Itisadvisableforamarketerto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

4.TheCaucasianexampleindicatesthat（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.culturaldifferencesforcecompaniestoadjustschedule

B.marketingsuccessandfailurearemuchlikehistory

C.developingcountriesarehostiletodevelopedcountries

D.thehistoryofacountryorcultureinfluencesthemarket

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.understandthehistoryofacountryorculture

B.exploitthemarketwithgreateffort

C.keepaskepticaleyeonoverseascompanies

D.slowdownforeignoperations

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Marketeersshouldberesponsiblefortheburdensofthepast.

B.Marketeersshouldseparatethemselvesfromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.

C.Marketeersshoulddisagreeonracialprejudices.

D.Marketeersshouldtakecareofthewoundedinthewar.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.SouthAfricansareplaguedwithaguiltyfeeling

B.SouthAfricansareoverlovedwiththeoverseasinvestment

C.SouthAfricansowedebtstoCaucasiancompany

D.SouthAfricancompaniestakeadvantageoftheircounterpart’sguiltyfeelings

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThefailureofthereopenedtradebetweenAmericanandVietnamshouldbetakenasalesson.

B.TheVietnamesetakeitforgrantedthattheAmericanbusinesscommunitywillinvestmoneyinVietnamtomakeupforpastwrongs.

C.TherelationshipbetweenVietnamandtheUSisagoodexampleofforgettingthepast.

D.Misinterpretinghistoryandcultureleadstobusinessfailure.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文開頭“Everycountryandculture,whetherit’sasancientasIndiaorasyoungastheCzechRepublic,hasahistorythatwillgreatlyaffectboththemarketandthemarketer.每個(gè)國(guó)家和文化，無(wú)論是像印度一樣古老還是像捷克共和國(guó)一樣年輕，都有一段對(duì)市場(chǎng)和營(yíng)銷人員都有巨大影響的歷史。并且文中列舉了兩個(gè)例子來(lái)論證一個(gè)國(guó)家的文化或歷史會(huì)影響市場(chǎng)。故D項(xiàng)正確。/r/