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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安慶師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Wehopethestudentswould(

)theinformationcontainedinthelecture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.associate

B.understand

C.assimilate

D.assess

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。associate意為“聯(lián)系”;understand意為“理解”;assimilate意為“吸收,消化”;assess意為“評定”。

句意:我們希望學(xué)生們能掌握講座中保護(hù)的信息。

2.單選題

Althoughthemodellooksgoodonthesurface,itwillnotbearclose().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.temperament

B.contamination

C.scrutiny

D.symmetry

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)temperament“氣質(zhì),性情”;B選項(xiàng)contamination“污染”;C選項(xiàng)scrutiny“詳細(xì)審查,細(xì)看”;D選項(xiàng)symmetry“對稱”。句意:盡管這個模型表面上看起來還不錯,但它經(jīng)不起細(xì)看。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.翻譯題

Monetarypolicy

Itiswellknownthattherehasneverbeenaboomthatisnotlinkedwithexcessivemoneysupply.Easymonetarypoliciesconsistentlyleadtoboomsandthentobustssimplybecausetheyreduceinterestrates,thecostofborrowing,forboth(naive/noisy)investorsandgovernmentsthat,inrum,raiseprivate(i.e.durablegoods,realestate)andgovernmentspendingbeyondtheirabilitytomeettheirdebtobligations.

Thepracticeofexpansionarymonetarypolicyleadstocapitalmisallocationasitfavorsshort-termspendingattheexpenseoflong-termspending(investinglessinlong-termprojects).Thatis,itcreatesasavings-investmentgapthatreducesthecapitalformationrequiredfortheeconomytogrow,whichrendersahighfractionofitsexistingcapitalstockobsolete.Thislowinterestratepolicy,anoutcomeofquantitativeeasing,inTurn,hasanadverse,effectonproductivityforcingcapitaltomigrateinforeign/emergingmarketsinordertorealizehigherreturns.Inotherwords,excessivemoneysupplyfailstoincreaserealeconomicactivitybecauseitraisesthelaborcostwhileitlowersthecostofcapital.Depressingyieldsathome,asaresultofquantitativeeasing,inanopeneconomysetting,leadsyield-seekinginvestorsintohigher-riskinvestmentssuchasemergingmarkets.

【答案】貨幣政策

眾所周知,從來沒有一次經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮不與過渡發(fā)行貨幣有關(guān)。寬松的貨幣政策總是會先促使經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮,但最后導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退——因?yàn)槔式档?,就為(天?聒噪)投資者和政府節(jié)省了借貸的成本,而反過來促進(jìn)他們會以超出能力之外的水平來擴(kuò)大個人(比如耐用品、房地產(chǎn))和政府的消費(fèi),以此滿足債券的發(fā)行。

擴(kuò)張性的貨幣政策會導(dǎo)致資本的配置不當(dāng),因?yàn)樗鼉A向于短期支出,而犧牲長期支出(減少對長期項(xiàng)目的投資)。也就是說,擴(kuò)張性的貨幣政策會產(chǎn)生儲蓄-投資之間的鴻溝,繼而減少經(jīng)濟(jì)增長所需要的資本積累,這呈現(xiàn)出既有的資本存放過時的信息。作為量化寬松的結(jié)果,低利率政策反過來對生產(chǎn)力產(chǎn)生反作用力,迫使資本遷入國外/新興市場,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)更高的回報(bào)。換句話說,過度發(fā)行貨幣不能增加真正的經(jīng)濟(jì)活力,因?yàn)樗鲩L了勞動力成本而降低了資本成本。在一個開放的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下,量化寬松的另一結(jié)果是國內(nèi)的效益不佳,導(dǎo)致尋求效益投資者進(jìn)入高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資,比如新興市場。

4.單選題

In1896,WilliamJenningsBryan,athree-timecandidatefortheAmericanpresidency,gaveaspeechonarelativelydryfinancialtopic,criticizingthegoldstandard.Buthisrhetoricwasfortheages:“Youshallnotpressdownuponthebrowoflaborthiscrownofthorns;youshallnotcrucifymankinduponacrossgold!”

JustoverahundredyearslaterSamBrownback,arguingforwaragainstIraqinaspeechtotheAmericanSenate,said,“WegoatIraqanditsaystocountriesthatsupportterrorists,thereremainsixintheworldthatareasourdefinitionstatesponsorsofterrorists,yousaytothosecountries:4Weareseriousaboutterrorism,weareseriousaboutyounotsupportingterrorismonyourownsoil.”’

Whathappenedoverthe20lhcentury?Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinoratoryorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandflair.Norsotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.JohnMcWhorter,alinguist,seesthetriumphof1960scountercultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.

Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanotherpassageagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomorelamentablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofBcowulf-earEnglish.

Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing”,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonalgenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealvibrancy.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthanMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshouldcare.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallybemoaningthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,but,probablyaninevitable.

1.ThesentencesofWilliamandSamarequotedinthefirsttwoparagraphstoshow(

).

2.JohnMcWhorterattributesthedeclineofformalEnglishto

).

3.JohnMcWhorter’sattitudetowardstheloss“whom”seemstobe

).

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

).

5.By“wenowtakeourEnglish‘onpaperplate’insteadofchina”,thelinguistmostprobablymeansthat(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thegreatsocialchangesthathavetakenplaceinacentury

B.theobviousdeclineofEnglishlanguagecommands

C.thatterrorismissueismoreseriousthangoldstandard

D.thatbothofthespeakersareexcellentspeechmakers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theAmerican’slowerexpectationsofpublicfigures

B.thePresident’slowerexpectationsofthemselves

C.thepermissiveattitudestowardslanguagedecadesago

D.thelossof“whom”andcase-endingsinEnglish

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.calm

B.critical

C.indifferent

D.supportive

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Englishbeforethesixtieswascharacterizedbydryfinancialtopic

B.Englishbeforethesixtieswasusedlessskillfullythanitisnow

C.Englishafterthesixtiesischaracterizedbyoralusages

D.Englishafterthesixtiesisusedlessofteninwrittenlanguagethaninspoken

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.nowadaysEnglishismoreoftenusedonpaperthanonchina

B.nowadaysEnglishismoreoftenusedinChinathaninothercountries

C.nowadaysEnglishhasbecomelessusefulinpaperwritingthanbefore

D.nowadaysEnglishhaslostsomeoriginalcharmeventhoughequallyuseful

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章前兩段對威廉和薩姆相關(guān)事件的引用是為了引出文章的話題,指出英語語言的退化現(xiàn)象,故答案選項(xiàng)為B項(xiàng)“英語語言的明顯衰退”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段的最后一句指出:JohnMcWhorter,alinguist,seesthetriumphof1960scountercultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish(語言學(xué)家約翰?麥克沃特認(rèn)為20世紀(jì)60年代反文化運(yùn)動的勝利要對正式場合英語的退化負(fù)責(zé)),由此可知60年代的反文化運(yùn)動是根本原因,選項(xiàng)C“幾十年前對語言的消極態(tài)度”是反文化運(yùn)動的一部分,故答案選項(xiàng)為C。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theloss“whom”定位至第四段:...heseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomorelamentablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofBeowulf-earEnglish(他認(rèn)為whom一詞的逐漸消失是很自然的,并不比裴歐沃夫時代英語中詞格尾綴的失蹤更讓人惋惜),作者認(rèn)為這一現(xiàn)象非常正常,故他的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是沉著冷靜的,故答案選項(xiàng)為A。

4.判斷推理題。選項(xiàng)A:20世紀(jì)60年代前的英語以枯燥的金融話題為特點(diǎn),文章在開始的吋候只是提到了曾經(jīng)三次當(dāng)選美國總統(tǒng)候選人的威廉姆?詹寧森?布賴恩就一個相對枯燥無味的金融話題作了一番演講,并不能說明60年代前的英語以枯燥的金融話題為特點(diǎn),故選項(xiàng)A錯誤;選項(xiàng)B:20世紀(jì)60年代前的英語運(yùn)用沒有現(xiàn)在這么靈巧,根據(jù)文章中WilliamJenningsBryan和SamBrownback的例子可知,20世紀(jì)60年代前的英語運(yùn)用應(yīng)該是比現(xiàn)在更加靈巧,故選項(xiàng)B錯誤;根據(jù)文章第五段的...eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonalgenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealvibrancy.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.(即使是最受關(guān)注的文章也開始使用口語化的文字。類似地,在詩歌領(lǐng)域,唯一能夠具有真正活力的就是那種高度個人化和富有表現(xiàn)力的文學(xué)形式。無論作為口語還是書面語言的英語,侃侃而談勝過了雅致的言辭,而自我發(fā)揮也蓋過了精心準(zhǔn)備)。由此可知在當(dāng)吋口語化表達(dá)比書面表達(dá)使用頻率更高,但不能說當(dāng)吋是以口語化的表達(dá)為特點(diǎn),故選項(xiàng)C(20世紀(jì)60年代后的英語以口語化為特點(diǎn))錯誤,而選項(xiàng)D(20世紀(jì)60年代后的英語中口語化表達(dá)比書面表達(dá)使用頻率更高)正確,故選D。

5.語義題?!皐enowtakeourEnglish'onpaperplate’insteadofchina"所在句為:...heisreallybemoaningthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”“他其實(shí)只是為那些美好事物而不是實(shí)用品的消逝而哀嘆。也許我們現(xiàn)在用"紙盤子而非瓷盤子"盛著我們的英語大餐?!?,根據(jù)其中的關(guān)鍵詞lossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful“那些美好事物而不是實(shí)用品的消逝”可以推斷出答案選項(xiàng)為D“如今英語正在漸漸喪失其原有的魅力,盡管他在走向?qū)嵱没薄?/p>

5.單選題

Mac'sclose()tohisbrothermadepeoplemistakethemfuroneanother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resemblance

B.identity

C.appearance

D.relationship

【答案】A

【解析】句意:麥克和弟弟長得十分相像,人們常常把他們倆認(rèn)錯。

考查固定搭配??崭裉幟~應(yīng)與to構(gòu)成搭配,根據(jù)后面句意可知A項(xiàng)“resemblanceto與…相似”正確。

6.單選題

Inourhighlytechnologicalsociety,thenumberofjobsforunskilledworkeris______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shrinking

B.obscuring

C.altering

D.constraining

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)shrink“收縮,減少”;B選項(xiàng)obscure“使模糊,使難解”;C選項(xiàng)alter“改變”;D選項(xiàng)constrain“強(qiáng)迫”。根據(jù)highlytechnologicalsociety與thenumberofjobs可知A選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意:在我們高度科技化的社會里,非技術(shù)工人的工作崗位正在減少。

7.單選題

Iremember(

)tohelpusifweeverwereindifficulties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onceoffering

B.himonceoffering

C.himtooffer

D.toofferhim

【答案】B

【解析】考查remember的用法。remembersb.doingsth.“記得某人做過某事”。remembersb.todosth.“記得某人要去做某事”。根據(jù)后面的動詞were可知是發(fā)生在過去的事情,所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

InauguratedasecondtimeonMarch4,1901,(

)focusedondomesticratherthanforeignpolicies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.WilliamMcKinley’snewtermlookedforwardtoand

B.thenewtermlookedforwardtoWilliamMcKinleyand

C.lookingforwardtoanewtermwasWilliamMcKinley

D.WilliamMcKinleylookedforwardtoanewterm

【答案】D

【解析】句意:威廉?麥金利于1901年3月4日第二次就職,他期待一個新的主要集中于國內(nèi)事務(wù)而不是外交政策的階段。

語法題??疾閯釉~過去分詞。句中前半句Inaugurated為Inaugurat的過去分詞作時間狀語。因此后半句為主句,而且主語為人,排除B、C。A項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ookforwardto后而應(yīng)跟名詞或動名詞。故選D。

9.單選題

Tomissickofcitylife,sohebuyssomelandinAlaska,asfarfrom()aspossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.humidity

B.humanity

C.harmony

D.honesty

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)humidity“濕度,濕氣”,B項(xiàng)humanity“人類,人道,仁慈”,C項(xiàng)harmony“和睦,融洽”,D項(xiàng)honesty“誠實(shí),正直”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞besickofcitylife(厭倦城市生活)可知,空格處填入“人類”最合適,表示“離人類越遠(yuǎn)越好”。句意:湯姆厭倦了城市生活,所以他在阿拉斯加買了一些土地,盡可能遠(yuǎn)離人類。因此,該題B項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

PeoplewillinsistthatwatchingTV()children’simaginations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blunders

B.blunts

C.blushes

D.blends

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)blunders“犯大錯;誤入某地”;B選項(xiàng)blunts“減弱;使遲鈍”;C選項(xiàng)blushes“臉紅;感到羞愧”;D選項(xiàng)blends“使混合;使交融”。句意:人們會堅(jiān)持說看電視……了兒童的想象力。前因是watchingTV“看電視”;后果是阻礙了children’simaginations“兒童的想象力”。在所有選項(xiàng)中只有blunt有減弱,使遲鈍的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Allthemountainsarestunninglybeautiful,andthereare()valleysandthesmellofpeatfromeverycottage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wooden

B.wooded

C.wooding

D.woods

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。有題干得知,空格后為名詞,因此應(yīng)填入形容詞。wooden“木制的;呆板的”;wooded“樹木繁茂額,森林多的”;wooding無形容詞用法;woods“木材”,也無形容詞用法。修飾valley“山谷”的詞應(yīng)為wooded,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.翻譯題

Theabilityoffallingcatstorightthemselvesinmidairandlandontheirfeethasbeenasourceofwonderforages.Biologistslongregardeditasanexampleofadaptationbynaturalselection,butforphysicistsitborderedonthemiraculous.

Newton’slawsofmotionassumethatthetotalamountofspinofabodycannotchangeunlessanexternaltorquespeedsituporslowitdown.Ifacathasnospinwhenitisreleasedandexperiencesnoexternaltorque,itoughtnottobeabletotwistaroundasitfalls.

Inthespeedofitsexecution,therightingofatumblingcatresemblesamagician’strick.Thegyrationsofthecatinmidairaretoofastforthehumaneyetofollow,sotheprocessisobscured.Eithertheeyemustbespeededup,orthecat’sfallsloweddownforthephenomenontobeobserved.Acenturyagotheformerwasaccomplishedbymeansofhigh-speedphotographyusingequipmentnowavailableinanypharmacy.

Butinthenineteenthcenturythecaptureonfilmofafallingcatconstitutedascientificexperiment.TheexperimentwasdescribedinapaperpresentedtotheParisAcademyin1894.Twosequencesoftwentyphotographseach,onefromthesideandonefrombehind,showawhitecatintheactofrightingitself.Grainyandquaintthoughtheyare,thephotosshowthatthecatwasdroppedupsidedownwithnoinitialspin,andstilllandedonitsfeet.Carefulanalysisofthephotosrevealsthesecret:Asthecatrotatesthefrontofitsbodyclockwise,therearandtailtwistcounterclockwise,sothatthetotalspinremainszero,inperfectaccordwithNewton’slaws.Halfwaydown,thecatpullsinitslegsbeforereversingitstwistandthenextendsthemagain,withthedesiredendresult.

Theexplanationwasthatwhilenobodycanacquirespinwithouttorque,aflexibleonecanreadilychangeitsorientation,orphase.Catsknowthisinstinctively,butscientistscouldnotbesurehowithappeneduntiltheyincreasedthespeedoftheirperceptionsathousandfold.

【答案】很久以前,降落中的貓?jiān)诎肟罩衅胶馍眢w并以腳落地的能力一直令人好奇。生物學(xué)家們一直認(rèn)為這是適應(yīng)自然選擇的一個例子,但對于物理學(xué)家,這真的是不可思議。

牛頓運(yùn)動定律認(rèn)為身體自旋的總量不變,除非外部扭矩使之加速或減緩。如果一只貓?jiān)诒会尫艜r沒有旋轉(zhuǎn),也沒有感受到外部扭矩,那么它在下落時就不應(yīng)該旋轉(zhuǎn)。

翻滾著的貓,以如此的速度平衡身體就像一個魔術(shù)師變戲法。貓?jiān)诎肟罩械男D(zhuǎn)得太快,人類的眼睛很難看清,所以這個過程是模糊的。要觀察這個現(xiàn)象,要么眼睛必須加速,要么貓的下降減速。一個世紀(jì)以前,前者可以通過高速攝影的方法做到,使用的是現(xiàn)在在任何藥店都能買到的設(shè)備。

但在19世紀(jì),拍攝墜落的貓構(gòu)成了一個科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。1984年的一篇論文《巴黎學(xué)院》描述了這個實(shí)驗(yàn)。兩組共20張照片,一組從側(cè)面,另一組從后面,展示了一只白貓平衡自己的行為。盡管照片有紋理很老式,但是展示了貓的行為:起初沒有旋轉(zhuǎn),卻翻滾著落下,并仍然用腳落地。對照片的仔細(xì)分析揭示了這個秘密:貓順時針旋轉(zhuǎn)身體前部時,身體后部和尾巴逆時針扭動,所以總自旋仍然是零,完全符合牛頓定律。下降中途,貓?jiān)陬嵉古まD(zhuǎn)之前腿部收緊然后再展開,這樣就得到了預(yù)期的最終結(jié)果。

其解釋是:盡管沒有扭矩,身體不能旋轉(zhuǎn),但是靈活者可以隨時改變其旋轉(zhuǎn)方向或階段。貓本能地知道這點(diǎn),但科學(xué)家們不能確定這事是怎么發(fā)生的,直到他們將其感知提高一千倍的速度。

13.單選題

Withaneighty-hourweekandlittleenjoyment,lifemusthavebeenvery()forthenineteenth-centuryfactoryworkers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hostile

B.anxious

C.tedious

D.obscure

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。hostile敵對的;anxious焦慮的;tedious單調(diào)乏味的,沉悶的;obscure模糊的,隱蔽的。句意:對于19世紀(jì)的工廠工人來說,一周工作80個小時,幾乎沒有什么樂趣,生活一定很乏味。選項(xiàng)C更符合句意。

14.單選題

Thenewmedialawthathassparkedafurorinthecountryrequiresallbroadcastanddigitalmediatoprovide“balancedcoverage”andisseenbycriticsasanattemptto()thepress.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.muzzle

B.underpin

C.sidestep

D.reassure

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。muzzle“使緘默,封鎖...的言論”;underpin“鞏固,支持”;sidestep“回避”;reassure“使安心”。句意:在全國引起了軒然大波的新媒體法,要求所有廣播和數(shù)字媒體提供均衡的報(bào)道,被評論家認(rèn)為有可能帶來言論受限等結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

Theyachievedmorethantheyhadeverdreamed,lendingamagictotheirfamilystorythatnotaleorordinarylifecouldpossiblyrival.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confirm

B.achieve

C.match

D.exaggerate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“確認(rèn),確定”;B選項(xiàng)“完成,達(dá)到”;C選項(xiàng)“匹配,適合,匹敵”;D選項(xiàng)“夸張,夸大”;題干中rival“競爭對手,同行者,匹敵”,句意:他們的成就超出了他們的夢想,為他們的家庭故事增添了任何故事或普通生活都無法匹敵的魔力。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyth.Atthetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceismeasuredbyyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems;toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels;andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionofintelligenceassertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresofself-fulfillment.Itencouragesakindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.

Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson.Problemsolvingisausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,orataminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,thenyouareintelligent.YouareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweaponagainstthebigN.B.D.—NervousBreakDown.

“Intelligent”peopledonothaveN.B.D.sbecausetheyareinchargeofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepression;becausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsoftheirlives.

Youcanbegintothinkofyourselfastrulyintelligentonthebasisofhowyouchoosetofeelinthefaceoftryingcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsineverysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties.Disagreements,conflictsandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhichpresentproblemstovirtuallyallhumanbeings.Butsomepeopleareabletomakeit,toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileotherscollapseorhaveaN.B.D.Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow;also,themostrare.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theconventionalnotionofintelligencemeasuredintermsofone’sabilitytoread,writeandcompute(

).

2.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatholdingauniversitydegree

).

3.Theauthorthinksthatanintelligentpersonknows

).

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthortellsusthat

).

5.Whatkindofpeoplearerareaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.iswidelyheldbutwrongconcept

B.willhelpeliminateintellectualprejudice

C.istherootofallmentaldistress

D.willcontributetoone’sself-fulfillment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mayresultinone’sinabilitytosolvecomplexreal-lifeproblems

B.doesnotindicateone’sabilitytowriteproperlywordeddocuments

C.maymakeonementallysickandphysicallyweak

D.doesnotmeanthatoneishighlyintelligent

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.howtoputupwithsomeveryprevalentmyths

B.howtofindthebestwaytoachievesuccessinlife

C.howtoavoiddepressionandmakehislifeworthwhile

D.howtopersuadeotherstocompromise

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.difficultiesarebutpartofeveryone’slife

B.depressionandunhappinessareunavoidableinlife

C.everybodyshouldlearntoavoidtryingcircumstances

D.goodfeelingscancontributetoeventualacademicexcellence

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thosewhodon’temphasizebookishexcellenceintheirpursuitofhappiness.

B.Thosewhoareawareofdifficultiesinlifebutknowhowtoavoidunhappiness.

C.ThosewhomeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsbutseldomsufferfromN.B.

D.s.D.Thosewhoareabletosecurehappinessthoughhavingtostruggleagainsttryingcircumstances.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在傳統(tǒng)概念中,智力是根據(jù)人的讀、寫和計(jì)算能力來衡量的,作者對此的看法是什么?”文章第一段第一句提到“掌控自己能讓一些流行的錯誤觀念結(jié)束”(Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyth),接著作者又提到位于這些錯誤觀念之首的便是智力的詮釋。因此,在作者看來,認(rèn)為“智力是根據(jù)人的讀寫和計(jì)算能力來衡量”是錯誤的,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章中暗示擁有大學(xué)學(xué)位意味著什么?”文章第一段提到“我們開始相信一個擁有教育榮譽(yù)徽章并且擅長某一學(xué)科的人是有‘智力’的。然而精神病院很多病人擁有所有形式的證書”(Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates),由此可知,學(xué)歷并不代表智力。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為擁有智力的人知道什么?”文章第二段第一句提到“如果你快樂,如果你每時每刻都為值得的一切生活,那么你就是一個有智力的人”(Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson),所以在作者看來,有智力的人知道怎樣讓自己的人生有價值,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者在最后一段告訴了我們什么?”文章最后一段第二、三句提到“我們每個人都要為生存而斗爭,這都是一樣的。每個人都與他相關(guān)聯(lián)的人有著相似的困難”(Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsineverysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties),說明每個人在生活中都會遇上困難,但這只是生活的一部分,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“由文章可知哪種人很少見?”文章最后一段最后一句話提到“坦誠問題是生活狀況的一部分,并且不以‘沒有問題’作為衡量快樂的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人是有智力的人,但是這種人很稀少”(Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow;also,themostrare),因此選項(xiàng)B“意識到生活中的困難,但是知道如何避免不快樂的人”符合題意。

17.單選題

Rotationreferstotheturningoftheearth,()tothemovementaroundthesun.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.besidesrevolution

B.revolutionrefers

C.andrevolution

D.whilerevolutionreferring

【答案】C

【解析】考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。A選項(xiàng)besidesrevolution“除了公轉(zhuǎn)”;B選項(xiàng)revolutionrefers“公轉(zhuǎn)”;C選項(xiàng)andrevolution“公轉(zhuǎn)”;D選項(xiàng)whilerevolutionreferring“同時公轉(zhuǎn)意味著”。句意:自轉(zhuǎn)是指地球的轉(zhuǎn)動,……是指圍繞太陽的運(yùn)動。A選項(xiàng)句子不通順,B選項(xiàng)句子缺少結(jié)構(gòu),D選項(xiàng)需要加is,根據(jù)句意可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.寫作題

Directions:Answerthefollowingquestionwithnolessthan50words.RemembertowriteyouranswerclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.(5%)

WhoisConfucius(孔子)?

【答案】略

19.單選題

Arailwayticketshouldindicatetheplaceofdepartureaswellasthe(

)ofthetrip.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrival

B.image

C.destination

D.sequence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。arrival意為“到達(dá),抵達(dá)”;image意為“形象,印象,畫像”;destination意為“目的地,終點(diǎn)”;sequence意為“一系列,一連串,順序”。

句意:火車票應(yīng)注明出發(fā)地點(diǎn)和旅行目的地。

20.單選題

OurfootballteamisnowcontendingwithonefromtheUniversityofBritishColumbia.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.meeting

B.contesting

C.conceding

D.contemplating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:我們的足球隊(duì)正在和英國哥倫比亞大學(xué)的球隊(duì)……。meet“滿足,遇見”;contest“比賽,競賽”;concede“承認(rèn),讓步”;contemplate“考慮,沉思”。根據(jù)“ourfootballteam”可知是在進(jìn)行比賽,contend的意思是“競爭;斗爭”。因此,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

21.單選題

Oursisasocietythattriestokeeptheworldsharplydividedintomasculineandfeminine,notbecausethatisthewaytheworldis,butbecausethatisthewaywebelieveitshouldbe.Ittakesunwaveringbeliefandconsiderableefforttokeepthisdivision.Italsoleadsustomakesomefairlyfoolishjudgments,particularlyaboutlanguage.

Becausewethinkthatlanguagealsoshouldbedividedintomasculineandfemininewehavebecomeveryskilledatignoringanythingthatwillnotfitourpreconceptions.Wewouldratherchangewhatwehearthanchangeourideasaboutthegenderdivisionoftheworld.Wewillcallassertivegirlsunfeminine,andsupportiveboyseffeminate,andtrytochangethemwhilestillretainingourstereotypesofmasculineandfemininetalk.

Thisiswhysomeresearchonsexdifferencesandlanguagehasbeensointeresting.Itisanillustrationofhowwrongwecanbe.Ofthemanyinvestigatorswhosetouttofindthestereotypedsexdifferencesinlanguage,fewhavehadanypositiveresults.Itseemsthatourimagesofserioustaciturn(沉默的)malespeakersandgossipygarrulous(饒舌)femalespeakersarejustthat:images.

Manymythsassociatedwithmasculineandfemininetalkhavehadtobediscardedasmoreresearchhasbeenundertaken.Iffemalesdousemoretrivialwordsthanmales,stoptalkinginmid-sentence,ortalkaboutthesamethingsoverandoveragain,theydonotdoitwheninvestigatorsarearound.

Noneofthesecharacteristicsoffemalespeechhavebeenfound.Andevenwhensexdifferenceshavebeenfound,thequestionarisesastowhetherthedifferenceisintheeye-orear-ofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage.

Pitchprovidesoneexample.Webelievethatmalesweremeanttotalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices.Wealsobelievethatlowpitchismoredesirable.Well,ithasbeenfoundthatthisdifferencecannotbeexplainedbyanatomy.

Ifmalesdonotspeakinhighpitchedvoices,itisnotusuallybecausetheyareunabletodoso.Thereasonismorelikelytobethattherearepenalties.Maleswithhighpitchedvoicesareoftentheobjectofridicule.Butpitchisnotanabsolute,forwhatisconsideredtherightpitchformalesvariesfromcountrytocountry.

1.Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkis______.

2.Whatdoestheword“effeminate”(Para2)mean?

3.Theauthorusespitchasanexampleinordertoindicate______.

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?

5.Malesdonotspeakloudlybecause______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assertive

B.snobbish

C.approving

D.critical

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Unfeminine.

B.Powerful.

C.Obedient.

D.Unmasculine.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferencesinlanguage

B.thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices

C.thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustrated

D.thatsexdifferenceslieineyeorearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Alwaysusingtrivialwords.

B.Repeatthesamethingoverandover.

C.Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.malesareunabletodoso

B.malesareafraidofbeinglaughedat

C.highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeech

D.anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtohavelowerpitchesthanfemales

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkis______.1.這篇文章暗示了作者對女性話語和男性話語劃分的態(tài)度是______。

A.assertiveA.肯定的,獨(dú)斷的

B.snobbishB.勢利的

C.approvingC.贊成的

D.criticalD.批判的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“要保持這種劃分,需要堅(jiān)定的信念和相當(dāng)大的努力(considerableeffort)。它也會讓我們做出一些相當(dāng)愚蠢(fairlyfoolish)的判斷,尤其是在語言方面?!保瑥腸onsiderable和fairlyfoolish可以看出,作者對于男性和女性語言上的劃分是批判的態(tài)度。因此,D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“肯定的,獨(dú)斷的”、B選項(xiàng)“勢利的”曲解原文;

C選項(xiàng)“贊成的”與原文相反,反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Whatdoestheword“effeminate”(Para2)mean?2.第二段中的effeminate是什么意思?

A.Unfeminine.A.不像女性的。

B.Powerful.B.強(qiáng)大的。

C.Obedient.C.順從的。

D.Unmasculine.D.無男子漢氣概的。

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)effeminate定位至第二段最后一句“我們會說自信的女孩是非女性化的(unfeminine),能給予支持和幫助的男孩是effeminate,并試圖改變他們,同時仍然保留我們的男性和女性談話的刻板印象”,從中可知,effeminate與unfeminine是相對應(yīng)的,自信的女生被認(rèn)為是非女性化,那么能給予支持和幫助的男孩會被認(rèn)為非男性化,所以推測effeminate表示“非男性化”的意思。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“不像女性的”與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;

B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)大的”、C選項(xiàng)“順從的”屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Theauthorusespitchasanexampleinordertoindicate______.3.作者以音高為例來表示______。

A.thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferencesinlanguageA.這個音高并不能很好地解釋語言中的性別差異

B.thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoicesB.男性應(yīng)該用低音調(diào)說話,女性應(yīng)該用高音調(diào)說話

C.thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustratedC.語言中的性別差異無法很好地說明

D.thatsexdifferenceslieineyeorearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguageD.性別差異在于觀察者的眼睛或耳朵,而不是語言

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先,根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞pitch定位至倒數(shù)第二段,該段講述了以pitch為例的內(nèi)容:我們習(xí)慣認(rèn)為男性是低音調(diào),女性是高音調(diào),但是解剖學(xué)也無法解釋這種音高差異;也就是說音高中的性別差異無法很好地說明。然后看到上一段講到“這些女性語言特征都沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)。即使已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了性別差異,問題還是出在觀察者的眼睛上或者耳朵上,而不是語言上?!?,可知即使知道了性別差異,也是我們的眼睛或者耳朵發(fā)現(xiàn)的,并不能從語言上來很好區(qū)分,作者以pitch為例就是做一個類比,所以同樣地,語言中的性別差異也無法很好地說明。C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“這個音高并不能很好地解釋語言中的性別差異”并不是作者以音高為例的目的,張冠李戴;

B選項(xiàng)“男性應(yīng)該用低音調(diào)說話,女性應(yīng)該用高音調(diào)說話”并不是使用音高作為例子的目的,屬于曲解原文;

D選項(xiàng)“性別差異在于觀察者的眼睛或耳朵,而不是語言”也與題干無關(guān),張冠李戴。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?4.以下哪一項(xiàng)不屬于女性談話的刻板印象?

A.Alwaysusingtrivialwords.A.總是使用瑣碎的詞匯。

B.Repeatthesamethingoverandover.B.一遍又一遍地重復(fù)同樣的事情。

C.Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished.C.句子還沒說完就停止說話。

D.Noneoftheabove.D.以上都不是。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第二句“如果女性確實(shí)比男性使用更多的瑣碎詞匯,或者在句子中間停止說話,或者一遍又一遍地談?wù)撏瑯拥氖虑?,?dāng)調(diào)查人員在場時,她們就不會這樣做”,以及第四段第一句“這些女性語言特征(characteristicsoffemale)都沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)”,綜合理解可知,女性語言特征是使用更多的瑣碎詞匯、話沒說完就停止說話和不斷談?wù)撏瑯拥氖虑?,這是我們對女性談話的刻板印象。只有D項(xiàng)“以上都不是”明顯和原文相悖,但符合題意,故選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“總是使用瑣碎的詞匯”、B選項(xiàng)“一遍又一遍地重復(fù)同樣的事情”、C選項(xiàng)“句子還沒說完就停止說話”均符合原文,屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Malesdonotspeakloudlybecause______.5.男性不大聲說話是因?yàn)開_____。

A.malesareunabletodosoA.男性不能這樣做

B.malesareafraidofbeinglaughedatB.男性害怕被嘲笑

C.highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeechC.高音是女性說話的特點(diǎn),而不是男性說話的特點(diǎn)

D.anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtoh

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