大學(xué)英語四級聽力技巧.ppt

英語聽力（四級）,李 巖,,歡迎大家提問題,英語的五項技能：,聽、說 、讀、 寫、譯,大學(xué)英語四級題型及時間分配,考試時間：四級每年考兩次?？荚嚂r間為每年6月和12月的第三個周六的早晨-9點。時長兩個半小時。 即11：30交卷,滿分：710分,分?jǐn)?shù)分配：寫作15% 閱讀35% 聽力35% 詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)10% 翻譯（中翻英）5% 劃線規(guī)則：及格線一般在425或426分(即滿分710分的60%)，這個成績也是報考六級考試的前提。,試卷紙張：兩張答題卡。 各位考生在考試時一定要抓緊時間。因為這樣的時間安排有時候是不夠用的。而且選擇題的數(shù)量比起舊題型有所減少。不能再靠蒙選擇題僥幸過關(guān)了。,考 試 時 間 流 程 介 紹:,8：50-9：00試音尋臺時間 9：00-9：10播放考場指令，發(fā)放作文考卷 9：10取下耳機，開始作文考試 9：35發(fā)放含有快速閱讀的試題冊(但9：40才允許開始做) 9：40-9：55做快速閱讀 9：55-10：00收答題卡一(即作文和快速閱讀) 9：55-10：00重新戴上耳機，試音尋臺，準(zhǔn)備聽力考試 10：00開始聽力考試，電臺開始放音 聽力結(jié)束后完成剩余考項 11：30全部考試結(jié)束,大學(xué)英語四級考試概述,一、試卷構(gòu)成和成績報道 ： 就所測試的語言能力而言，試點階段的四級考試由以下四個部分構(gòu)成： 1）聽力理解；2）閱讀理解； 3）完型填空；4）寫作和翻譯。 注：并未按照考試順序,聽力理解部分分值比例為35%；其中聽力對話15%，聽力短文20%。聽力對話部分包括短對話和長對話的聽力理解；聽力短文部分包括選擇題型的短文理解和復(fù)合式聽寫，即填寫單詞和句子。,閱讀理解部分分值比例為35%；其中仔細閱讀部分（Reading in Depth）25%，快速閱讀部分（Skimming and Scanning）10%。仔細閱讀部分分為：a）選擇題型的篇章閱讀理解；b）篇章層次的詞匯理解（Banked Cloze）或短句問答（Short Answer Questions）。快速閱讀理解部分測試的是瀏覽閱讀和查讀能力。,完型填空/改錯部分分值比例為10%。完型填空部分采用多項選擇題型，改錯部分的要求是辨認錯誤并改正。,寫作和翻譯部分分值比例為20%；其中寫作部分（Writing）15%，翻譯部分（Translation）5%。寫作的體裁包括議論文、說明文、應(yīng)用文等； 翻譯部分測試的是句子、短語或常用表達層次上的中譯英能力。,各部分具體分值比例及 時間安排搭配如下：,寫作-106 分 快速閱讀-71分 聽力-249分 仔細閱讀-178分 完型填空-71分 翻譯-35分,應(yīng)對策略：,8：50-9：00試音尋臺時間 9：00-9：10播放考場指令，發(fā)放作文考卷 9：10取下耳機，開始作文考試 9：35發(fā)放含有快速閱讀的試題冊(但9：40才允許開始做) 9：40-9：55做快速閱讀 9：55-10：00收答題卡一(即作文和快速閱讀) 9：55-10：00重新戴上耳機，試音尋臺，準(zhǔn)備聽力考試 10：00開始聽力考試，電臺開始放音 聽力結(jié)束后完成剩余考項 11：20全部考試結(jié)束,一、.同學(xué)們最擔(dān)心的是聽力選項的預(yù)覽時間，從表中可以看出，在9：5510：00之間收答題卡一和最后試音時間時可以預(yù)覽聽力部分的選項，建議考生要充分利用這段時間掃描passage部分的選項，弄清三篇文章的主題，至于短對話第一題的四個選項在播音前6秒看還來得及。,二、注意聽力測試三個section前沒有指令，直接播放題目，這與舊四級聽力完全不同，考生聽時需要集中注意力，不要錯過重要的信息點。,三、注意作文和快速閱讀后要收答題卡一，然后才能開始做后面的試題。大家平常練習(xí)時應(yīng)注意每部分時間的控制，在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)完成規(guī)定的項目，不要跨區(qū)做題，這樣才能適應(yīng)新四級的考場要求。,四、注意寫作文的時候，沒有試題冊，這樣會避免考生從試題冊中尋找相關(guān)的英語表達抄到作文中。,五、做翻譯題時，試題冊已經(jīng)收上去，避免考生從試題冊中找單詞的拼寫或習(xí)慣用語。,新四級考試，題型多樣，題量大時間緊，但考生只要在考場上合理有效的利用好時間，在考試結(jié)束時，能順利答完所有的題目，一定會取得滿意的成績。,如何提高聽力？,聽力原理：,1.接收聲音信號,2.把聲音信號轉(zhuǎn)化為文字信號 （頭腦中）,3.把英語轉(zhuǎn)化為漢語,4.找到漢語答案,5.把漢語答案翻譯成英語,6.找題目中相對應(yīng)的答案,我們大家都知道英語聽力題（除了短文題）只說一遍。也就意味著，這些語言信號在我們的頭腦中存留的時間很短。我們稱其為瞬間記憶（短時記憶-short-term memory，你認為這種記憶能在人的頭腦中存留多長的時間？; 長時記憶-long-term memory ）這就大大降低了我們做題的準(zhǔn)確率。那么，如何能夠提高我們做題的準(zhǔn)確率呢？,也就是如何延長瞬時記憶在我們頭腦中的時間呢？,最簡單的一個辦法： repeat (重復(fù)),重復(fù)分為兩種： 1.有聲重復(fù) 2.無聲重復(fù) 我們應(yīng)該選擇哪一種重復(fù)？ 為什么？（1分鐘）,我們選擇：無聲重復(fù),這就要求我們在聽力過程中，要對我們所接收到的聲音信號進行無聲重復(fù)。同時，我們在進行閱讀時，要進行無聲閱讀和限時閱讀。,此外，在做題前一定要對題目進行預(yù)測： 從四個選項中我們可以判斷出這段對話可能涉及的主要內(nèi)容：天氣對航班的影響、說話者之間的關(guān)系等等。通過對題目預(yù)測，我們做題的準(zhǔn)確性會大大提高的。,聽力能力提高的4個有效途徑 一、聽力提高要有恒，有序，有量 1、有恒：每天半30分鐘聽力（精聽） 2、有序：不要超前 3、有量：做到60小時的精聽,聽力中的音變現(xiàn)象 ： 1、 連讀 1) 相同輔音的連讀 bad dog 注意：不可以把音節(jié)給吞掉，只是這個音節(jié)不發(fā)音 like candy ripe pear some money The report turned out to be totally false.這份報告完全是一派胡言。,2) 輔音元音 Its easy. Wheres our car? Come on in. What time is it now? Figure it out. for example 考試中常常出現(xiàn)的連讀詞匯： of all ages crude oil a couple of travel agency your own our own set in motion,3) 元音元音 be on time 注：元音后面再跟一個元音，兩個元音間要加入一個“耶”的音 stay up flow out 注：元音后面再跟一個元音，兩個元音間要加入一個“我”的音 grow up She works day in and day out.,連讀小結(jié)： 相同輔音的連讀 輔音元音的連讀 元音元音的連讀,2、失爆（吞讀） 兩個爆破音連接在一起時出現(xiàn)失爆（吞讀） 什么是爆破音：p, b, k, g, t, d六個爆破音任何一個后面緊接著另一個爆破音或摩擦音或鼻音時，前一個爆破音將失去爆破。 lap top great deal good time the Red Cross a fast train a big change at last,3 、縮讀 and-n: Do you know Nancy and David? Tom and Jerry are you-ya: Ya going to the movie tonight? What ya doing here?,縮讀的原則： 1、絕對不會是重點音節(jié)，不可以重讀 2、只能出現(xiàn)在非正式場合,do you-dya : how dya feel now? How dya like the movie? did you-dja: how dja make it? becausecause: I dont like her cause shes mean. can-cn: I can be there in an hour. I can do a lot of things that other people can not do it. give me : Gimme that! going to -gonna. Want to -Wanna got to-gotta: I gotta see him right now. Hes sort of a strange. -Hes sorta strange. It s kind of a tough. -Its kinda tough. probably-probly: Hell probly come for dinner. currently-currenly what if-wud if : What if we went to the movie? (what if 句型要掌握） what are you-wacha doin now? you-ya: Catch ya later. See you later.,聽力微技巧與Listening Comprehension,一、虛擬語氣題 考點：條件句 過去考試的經(jīng)驗：答案往往表現(xiàn)為否定句形式,練習(xí)： A. I knew Mr. Smith wanted to sell his computer, but I didnt buy it. B. I didnt buy Mr. Smiths computer because I didnt know he was selling it. C. I bought the computer without knowing it was Mr. Smiths. D. Ill buy the computer as soon as Mr. Smith wants to sell it.,Id have bought Mr. Smiths computer if I had known he was selling it .,2. A. He didnt know what would happen if he made the suggestion. B. He didnt feel nervous after he had put forward the suggestion. C. He realized that the committee members would not adopt his suggestion. D. He considered it important to talk to the committee members first.,Had he realized the possible consequences, he wouldnt have made the suggestion at the committee meeting last week .,二、數(shù)字題型 技巧：聽到的數(shù)字通常不是正確答案。 通常要了解時間、日期、價錢、號碼、航班等數(shù)字的不同讀法。,1 A. 30 guests came. B. 20 guests didnt receive their invitation cards. C. 40 guests came. D. More guests came than were expected.,About one-third of the sixty invited guests failed to show up at the dinner party.,2 A. We need to pay $25 per piece. B. We need to pay $50 per piece. C. We need to pay $75 per piece. D. We need to pay $125 per piece.,The Company quoted a price of 100 dollars a piece for the summer dress.But after much bargain. We got an offer at 25% discount.,3 A. The plane left two hours before. B. The plane left at ten oclock in the morning. C. The plane left at two oclock in the afternoon. D. The plane left at four oclock in the afternoon.,The plane for Los Angeles was supposed to take off at noon, but due to a minor fault in one of the engines the flight was delayed of 2 hours.,?？嫉臄?shù)字類型： a 大額數(shù)字的聽記方法 。下面考大家四個數(shù)字：,thousand ; million ; billion ; eg. 35 thousand 35 8 hundred and 40 thousand 840 1million5hundredthousand 1500 8billion15million3hundred 25thousand 4 hundred and 56: 8 15 325 456,b小數(shù)的讀法： 小數(shù)點念”point” , 小數(shù)點前的“零”有時可以省略不念，也可念為zero, nought, oh. 小數(shù)點后的零讀作oh eg. 0.009 : point o o nine 或 zero point o o nine 下面考察一下大家下面幾個數(shù)字：,百分?jǐn)?shù)的讀法： eg：54.6% fifty four point six out of a hundred 0.2% two tenths of a percent 3.5% three and a half percent 54.5 fifty four and a half percent,-ty 與 teen的區(qū)別 -teen結(jié)尾的有兩個重讀音節(jié)， -ty只有一個重讀音節(jié) eg. fifteen , fifty thirteen , thirty 19 90 18 80 17 70 16 60 15 50 14 40 13 30 12 20,貨幣單位 dollar/buck 美元 eg. Six bucks 15 dollars 95 cents quarter 25美分 dime 10美分 nickel 5美分 penny 1美分 英國：pound 英鎊 1英鎊100便士 penny 便士 pence（便士的復(fù)數(shù)） 20英鎊50便士： twenty pounds fifty pence. Or twenty fifty,時間單位 機場，車站報時：使用的是小時 制，遇到不足點要補 ： o nine thirty 廣播報時：Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) / Universal time 格林尼治時間 22pm : 22 hours GMT (BBC) 22 hours universal time midnight: twenty-four hours 確切時間,表示年份 in the thirties of the twentieth century in the nineteen thirties,在二十世紀(jì)三十年代 in the 1930s,in the year two fifty- three B.C.,公元前年,數(shù)字用于貨幣 表示正常價格: regular price, normal price. 表示價格劃算： It is an excellent price It is a good price/ bargain. It is a good buy.,表示價格較貴：dear, expensive, steep, more expensive, 表示價格便宜：bargain price 其它說法：cheap, inexpensive, less expensive. 表示減價出售：on sale, Christmas sale, garage sale(現(xiàn)場舊貨出售) 4 sale（？）,一些數(shù)字的詞組 on cloud nine 無比幸福 on cloud nine 無比幸福 eg. I was on cloud nine after I won the game. Your room at sixes and sevens at sixes and sevens 亂七八糟 on second thoughts 再三考慮 by ones and twos 零零散散 Two heads are better than one. 兩個臭皮匠抵個諸葛亮 in the year one 早年 I used to study in America in the year one 早年在美國讀書 ten to one 很可能 Ten to one he has forgotten it three score years and ten 一輩子 Ill love you three score years and ten.,轉(zhuǎn)折題型 重點聽but后面的部分 練習(xí)： 1 A. The Chairman didnt attend the Opening Ceremony at the last minute. B. The Chairman refused to attend the Opening Ceremony at the last minute. C. The Chairman never changed his mind to attend the Opening Ceremony at the last minute. D. The Chairman made a last minute decision to attend the Opening Ceremony.,At first, the Chairman didnt intend to attend the opening ceremony, but the changed his mind at the last minute.,否定題型 并不是你聽到了not，就一定是否定，也不是你沒有聽到not，這個句子就不是否定。 否定的三種情況 1、完全否定 2、部分否定 3、雙重否定,完全否定常用詞： not any fail to do far from the lastto do sth. deny 部分否定常用詞： seldom hardly barely not all eg:Not all children enjoy the trip. Not everywhere is decorated.,雙重否定：指在句中出現(xiàn)兩個表示否定的成分，從而表示肯定的含義。 雙重否定常用詞： She seldom goes out without her red dress. No one is unwilling to be a volunteer. 一種考試中經(jīng)常出錯的特殊形式： You cannot eat too much. 你吃得越多越好。 I cannot agree with you more. 我完全同意你的看法。 can not后加比較級不是表示否定，而表示更加的肯定。,因果關(guān)系題 考點：原因句 練習(xí)： A. Mrs. Green signed when she heard the suggestion. B. Mrs. Green rejected the committees suggestion. C. Mrs. Green quit when her idea was not accepted. D. Mrs. Green didnt accept the signature,Mrs. Green resigned from the committee yesterday because her proposal to close the downtown branch was rejected.,讓步狀語從句題：考點 在從句條件內(nèi)容的前提下，主句的情況依然出現(xiàn)。從句中盡管說到although但是主句的情況不受影響。解題技巧是：置換引導(dǎo)從句中的連接詞，然后認清主句的內(nèi)容。 練習(xí)： 1A. Miss Brown is one of the best teachers because she has taught longer. B. Miss Brown has the best experience of all the college instructors. C. Miss Brown does not have enough qualification to teach in the college. D. Miss Brown is an excellent teacher in spite of her insufficient experience.,Although Miss Brown has less teaching experience than other faculty member, she is one of the best instructors in the college. 解題技巧：首先尋找是否有although置換項，立刻發(fā)現(xiàn)in spite of.第二步檢查兩句主句意思是否相符。,2A. Lena has trouble with office work. B. Lena doesnt like her colleagues in the office. C. Lena intends to become a full-time student. D. Lena gets on very well in her MBA studies.,Lena wants to give up office work to concentrate on her MBA courses, even though she has been quite successful at her job.,建議和個人意見題型 這種題型往往以下列方式出現(xiàn)： I am afraid Why cant we You should Youd better I think Why not How about 特點：所提出的建議往往是對過去狀態(tài)的不滿。 A. Typing the memorandum is sometimes unnecessary. B. You will understand it if you read the memorandum a second time. C. The first draft of the memorandum is not satisfactory. D. The first draft of the memorandum is better than the second one,Im afraid youll have to revise and type the memorandum of understanding a second time.,如何做筆記 段落的筆記：,.d 10 a.m S highway Lorry overturn 電 gd- rd dr 傷，- hosp acc - 大 trf X 2h rd clr dr 2 leg,段落翻譯原文：Yesterday at 10 oclock in the morning on the South Highway a lorry overturned. The electronic goods in the lorry spilled onto the road. The driver was injured and was taken to hospital. The accident caused a big traffic jam two hours before the road was finally cleared. It was later reported that the driver had broken both legs. （5）技巧：腦記為主，筆記為輔。 抓主體，非細節(jié)，抓內(nèi)容，非語言。,縮寫與Spot Dictation 一、縮寫練習(xí)： 第一段縮寫訓(xùn)練答案： Many pls favorite hob is sports. Ty spend + - thr spr tm play(g) team game like footb/baseb, games for(4) 2/4 pl, like tennis, or golf. Sm pl like 2 prac . Indiv spt like run(g)/swim(g). Pl usually prac . Spt 4 at least 3 reason. 1st, ty enjoy it & 2st, ty feel . Nd 2 kp fit _ tt ty feel +2 after ty had sm exer.,逐句講解 Many pls favorite hob is sports. pl =people Ty spend + - thr spr tm play(g) team game like footb/baseb, Ty=they thr=their thm=them +=much +/+2=more +3=most =little 2less 3least the most beautiful girl = +3beautiful girl the highest mountain = +3 high -=of spr =spare (g)ing game=gm footb= football baseb =baseball /=or,games for(4) 2/4 pl, 4=for 2/4=2 or 4 like tennis, or golf. Sm pl like 2 prac . c spt like run(g)/swim(g). Sm=some Pl=people 2=to prac= practice . =a/an indiv= individual run(g)=running swim(g).= swimming /=or,Pl usually prac . Spt 4 at least 3 reason. Pl= people prac= practice .=a spt= sport 1st, ty enjoy it & 2st, ty feel . Nd 2 kp fit _ tt ty feel +2 after ty had sm exer. 1st= First, ty= they & = and .Nd= need kp= keep _=in -=of tt=that b+2= better m+2=more smsome exerexercise 注意：Spot Dictation中少用符號,第一段縮寫訓(xùn)練原文 Many peoples favorite hobby is sports. They spend much of their spare time playing team games like football or baseball, games for two or four people, like tennis, or golf. Some people like to practice an individual sport like running or swimming. People usually practice a sport for at least three reasons. First, they enjoy it and second, they feel a need to keep fit in that they feel better after they had some exercise.,縮寫4種方法： 1、拿掉所有元音 Eg. market-mkt receive-rcv standard-std message-msg 2、保留開頭幾個字母 Eg. Information-info Exchange-exch Insurance-Ins Individual-indiv The STD MKT I RCV . MSG frm th indiv pl I want to exch info with u 3、保留開頭和結(jié)尾：Eg. Week-wk Meet-mt Need- nd Room-rm 4、根據(jù)發(fā)音 ： Eg. Are-r Though-tho Through-thru,縮寫中的常用縮略詞 Good-gd important-imp Include-incd market-mkt Situation-sitn regular-regl life=lf Reference-ref necessary-ncry Apartment-apt apt 右上方加 表示ment后綴 according-acdg g=ing Advertisement-ad advice-adv amount AMT conform-cfm Condition-cond Under no condition by no means department-dept Explain-expln impossible-imps accept-acpt Model-mdl observe-obs,Exchange-exch individual-indiv Ordinary-ord Balance-bal cancel-cncl Position-posn product-prod Representative-rep repeat-rpt Please-pls possible-poss,練習(xí)部分 this is a good important market here is the necessary advice I want I will accept the position as a manager 頻率高的詞用縮寫 考試時盡量用學(xué)過的縮寫，不要用太多 地名簡寫： Korea : K Sweden : SD Switzerland: SW Australia: AA Israel : IS Italy : IT Spain: SP 通常是提取國家單詞的首字母,縮寫中較長單詞的處理： -ism-m eg. Socialism 社會主義 S(m) local -tion-n eg. Standardization 原始化 std(n) 凡是從原始動詞延伸出來的各種形容詞、名字、副詞，只需寫出動詞，各種形式從縮寫的右上方進行添加處理。 -ing-g eg. Marketing mkt(g) -ment-mt eg. Amendment amend(mt) -ble-bl 注：遇到以able或ible為后綴的詞，可以提取bl作為信息點寫在這個詞的右上方 eg. Available av(bl) -ful-fl eg. Meaningful mn(fl) 復(fù)習(xí)一下： 縮寫的四種方法是：1、拿掉原因保留2、保留開頭幾個字母3、保留開頭和結(jié)尾 4、根據(jù)發(fā)音縮寫,本單元測試 But spt is not just 4 participants. Its 4 spect(o) too. M pl all over the world spend hs every wk watch(g) spt event on tv, / at stadiums. Pl enjoy be(g) fans/supp(o) 1 team & many prof. are now as pop & fame as the +3 great Hollywd movie star. 逐句分析： But spt is not just 4 participants. But向上的箭頭 或自己創(chuàng)造 sptsport 4for 注：遇到動詞延伸的人稱，可以寫出動詞后在右上角劃一個圓圈 ：work(0)=worker teach(0)=teacher,核心詞compete及延伸詞 compete=comp comp(o)= competitor comp(v)=competitive 注：縮寫詞右上方加v表示那些以ive結(jié)尾的形容詞 comp (n)=competition comp (g)=competing Its 4 spect(o) too. spect(o)= spectator,M pl all over the world spend hs every wk watch(g) spt event on tv, / at stadiums. M= millions T=thousand H= hundred 另一種用符號表示的方式 右上方加1 thousand 右上方加2millions 右上方加3= billion =of pl= people hs= hours wk= week watch(g)= watching spt= sport /= or,Pl enjoy be(g) fans/supp(o) 1 team & many prof. are now as pop & fame as the +3 great Hollywd movie star。 Pl = People be(g)= being fans/ = “fans” or supporter =supp(o) = of 1= one team & many= team and many prof.= professionals pop= popular fame= famous &=and the +3 great= the greatest 原文展示：But sport is not just for participants. Its for spectators too. Millions of people all over the world spend hours every week watching sports events on television, or at stadiums. People enjoy being “fans” or “supporters” of one team and many professionals are now as popular and famous as the greatest Hollywood movie stars.,注意：每天做30分鐘精聽，用縮寫的方式記憶聽到的內(nèi)容。,練習(xí)過程中有一些事項值得我們注意，請大家養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)慣，盡量避免： 1.鴕鳥式聽法。