物流中心選址英文譯文.doc

物流中心選址譯文英文原文Logistics center location analysis Logistics center location refers to some supply networks in a has some demand of the network and the economic area, choose an address set logistics center planning process. Better logistics center location scheme is giving the goods through the logistics center to the collection, transfer, distribute, until the whole process of conveying to demand the benefit of the best site. Usually, the logistics center have buildings, fixtures and equipment, if location undeserved, will pay a long-term costs. Thus, the logistics center location planning, deal with logistics center location principle and influence factors analysis, and put forward the policy recommendations forecaster. In logistics center for scientific location, make logistics center distance of the overall customer service, and convenient transportation nearest supply disruptions or transit transport, the probability of outside events will greatly reduce, which can effectively reduce the logistics center insurance storage cycle and items, thus reducing the insurance storage logistic center inventory levels, reduce unnecessary items backlog and capital takes up and improve the utilization efficiency of vehicles.This paper reviewed logistics center location problem in based on the present research on logistics center, the location of the model and algorithm is studied. The first part of this topic of logistics distribution center location research background, the author introduces the importance of logistics center location; The second part of logistics distribution center siting of the relevant theory of some methods, flat is introduced. The third part logistics center of the various factors affecting the site is analyzed. The fourth part is logistics center with the location of the model, the total cost at least for target function modeling. Finally， verified by case, linear programming - the rationality and feasibility of transport law. Through the reasonable location can realize logistics center resources disposition, and it is enterprise saving cost of an efficient way. Key Words：logistics center , location , influencing factors and method1. Research purpose and meaning 1.1 Research purpose This paper on logistics distribution center location and related problem analysis, theoretically further enriched and complement the logistics distribution center location research. From the practical ways, this paper has the following aspects of meaning content: through established distribution center location model, effective sure distribution center position, make distribution center construction of more rapid convenient can satisfy the needs of the enterprises, effectively expand service groups, so as to improve the distribution center competitiveness, improve the distribution center operating profit; As construction distribution center priority, and meets the new environment in the distribution center location for logistics distribution center internal facilities and distribution path optimization provides prerequisites. Research meaningLogistics center as the logistics network node, its reasonable location not only affect the operation cost of logistics center itself, operating performance, competitive strategy and the future development, but also affects logistics center upstream suppliers, downstream distributors or retailers logistics cost, and logistics strategy and competition strategy, even affect the development of regional economy. Because construction logistics center, a large scale of investment occupied after the completion of the urban land and not to adjust, social logistics and enterprise management has the long-term effects of logistics center, so the location decision must carry on the detailed reasoning. Address mistakes in social logistics system is concerned, could lead to social production and the Commodity Exchange without order and low efficiency; For enterprise management is concerned, perhaps because inefficient cannot meet the customer needs and directly affect the enterprise operating profits. Logistics center is regular and long-term, can be very good location can save a lot of transportation cost, strengthen cargo turnover and timely delivery rate, satisfies the customer the cost and actual requirements. In the logistics system, the distribution center occupies the important hub. The location of logistics distribution center, it is to point to in a features a number of outlets and certain demand point of economic area, choose one or more address set distribution center planning process. Better logistics distribution center location scheme can effectively save cost, promote the production and consumption of coordination and cooperation, guarantee the balanced development of logistics system. Therefore, reasonable location of logistics distribution center becomes crucial. 2. Logistics center location factors （1）Goods distribution and quantity. This is distribution center and distribution of the object, such as goods distribution of source and go, history and current and future forecast and development, etc. Distribution center should as far as possible and producer and distribution area formation short optimization. The quantity of goods is growing with the distribution scale growing. The higher growth rate of the goods, the rationality of the required center location, thus reducing conveying process unnecessary waste. （2）Transport conditions. The location of logistics distribution center should be close to transportation hub, and that in the process of forming logistics distribution center in a proper nodes. In conditional circumstance, distribution center should be as close to port and highway, railway CFS in. （3）Land conditions. Logistics distribution center covers an area of problems in land increasingly expensive today seems more and more important. Is the use of the existing land, or land again? Land price? Compliance with government planning requirements, etc, in the construction of distribution center to considered. （4）Commodity flow. Enterprise production of consumer goods as the population transfer and change, should according to enterprises better distribution system positioning. Meanwhile, industrial products markets may also transfer changes, in order to determine the raw materials and semi-finished products such as changes in the flow of logistics distribution center, the location, should consider the specific circumstances of the relevant goods flow.（5）Other factors. If Labour, transport and service convenience degree, investment restrictions, etc. 3.Logistics center location principles （1）Adaptability principle Logistics center with the location of the country, provincial shall be economic development policy, the policy adapt, and our logistics resource distribution and needs to adapt, and distribution of national economy and social development adaptation. （2）Harmony principle Logistics center on the location of the countrys logistics network shall be considered as a system to make logistics center, equipment, regional distribution, content flow in homework productivity, technology level co-ordination. （3）Principle of economy Logistics center development process, the location of cost, mainly including construction cost and operating expenses two parts. Logistics center location in the city, an inner suburban or determined according, whose future logistics activity of auxiliary facilities construction scale and construction cost as well as the freight and other logistics cost is different, with total expenses should be siting the minimum as logistics center location to the principle of economy. （4）Strategic principles Logistics center location, should have a strategic vision. One is to consider the overall situation, 2 it is to take long. Local obey global, at present interests must be subordinated to long-term interests, both must consider the current actual need, and to consider possible future development. 4. Logistics center location method （1）Qualitative analysis. The qualitative analysis was based on location and the factors affecting the location principle, rely on experts or management personnel rich experience, knowledge and comprehensive analysis ability, determine the specific location distribution centers. Main have expert scoring method, the Delphi method. The advantages of qualitative method is to pay attention to the historic experience, is simple. Its defect is prone to make empiricism and subjectivism mistake, and when optional location relatively long, not easy to make ideal decision-making, lead to reliability of decision-making is not high. （2）Quantitative analysis method. Quantitative method includes the gravity method, bobby Moore - wolff method, transport planning, Cluster method, CFLP method, hybrid 0-1 integer programming, double programming, genetic algorithms, etc. The location of the quantitative methods of comparative advantage is able to find out the solutions and honest. Among them, the gravity method is on the single logistics distribution center location commonly used method, this method will logistics system demand of point and resource point as in a plane distribution within the scope of the logistics system, each point in demand and resources the weight of respectively as object, the object systems centre of gravity as the best logistics outlets setting. 5EpilogueQualitative location method was more about historical experience, is simple, but prone to make empiricism and subjectivism mistake, and when optional location relatively long, not easy to make ideal decision-making, lead to reliability of decision-making is not high. Compared with the qualitative approach, using quantitative location method for locating was able to find out much more accurate, reliable solutions, but often in order to quantify, make originally complex things simplification, mold, even some of the signs after opinion be quantified may be misleading and misinterprets. Therefore, combining qualitative and quantitative method, a more scientific and practical location method. This paper due the location metric method considering both quantitative and qualitative factors, and considering the actual situation, and combines the cost factor and the factors which influence the cost of gravity method improvement, after the location of logistics distribution center makes more scientific and reasonable. The method combined the two aspects of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the advantages, can make the ideal decisions. 中文譯文物流中心選址分析 物流中心的位置是指一些供應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中有一些需求的網(wǎng)絡(luò)和經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域,選擇一個地址設(shè)置物流中心規(guī)劃中。物流中心位置更好的方案是使商品通過物流中心收集、傳輸、分配、直至整個過程的利益輸送要求的最佳地點(diǎn)。通常,物流中心有建筑物、構(gòu)筑物和設(shè)備,如果位置不當(dāng),將會付出長期的成本。因此,物流中心選址布局、處理和物流中心位置的原理和影響因素分析,并提出了政策建議的預(yù)測。物流中心作為物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的節(jié)點(diǎn)，其合理選址不僅影響到物流中心本身的運(yùn)營成本、運(yùn)營績效、競爭戰(zhàn)略和未來的發(fā)展，而且還影響到物流中心上游的供應(yīng)商、下游的分銷商或零售商的物流成本、以及物流戰(zhàn)略和競爭戰(zhàn)略，甚至影響到區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。對物流中心進(jìn)行科學(xué)選址，使物流中心距離所服務(wù)的客戶的總體距離最近、且運(yùn)輸方便，供給中斷或在途運(yùn)輸以外事件發(fā)生的概率將會大大降低，這樣就可以有效降低物流中心的保險存儲周期和物品的保險儲備量，從而降低物流中心的庫存水平，減少不必要的物品積壓和資金占用，提高車輛的利用率等。本論文在綜述物流中心選址問題研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，對物流中心選址的模型和算法進(jìn)行了研究。本課題通過對物流中心選址的研究背景進(jìn)行介紹，闡述物流中心選址的重要性；在對物流中心選址問題的相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行平述，然后對物流中心選址時的各種影響因素進(jìn)行分析。接著是物流中心選址的建模及方法，最后通過案例，驗(yàn)證選址度量法的可行性和合理性。關(guān)鍵詞：物流配送中心；選址；影響因素1研究研究目的及意義1.1研究目的本論文通過對物流配送中心選址及相關(guān)問題分析，從理論上進(jìn)一步豐富和補(bǔ)充了物流配送中心選址研究。從實(shí)踐方面來說，本文的意義有以下幾方面內(nèi)容：通過建立的配送中心選址模型，有效的確定配送中心建設(shè)方位，使得配送中心可以更快捷便利的滿足企業(yè)的需求，有效地擴(kuò)大服務(wù)群體，從而提高配送中心競爭力，提高配送中心經(jīng)營利潤；作為建設(shè)配送中心的首要問題，符合新環(huán)境下的配送中心選址為物流配送中心內(nèi)部設(shè)施建設(shè)以及配送路徑優(yōu)化提供了先決條件。1.2研究意義物流中心作為物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的節(jié)點(diǎn)，其合理選址不僅影響到物流中心本身的運(yùn)營成本、運(yùn)營績效、競爭戰(zhàn)略和未來的發(fā)展，而且還影響到物流中心上游的供應(yīng)商、下游的分銷商或零售商的物流成本、以及物流戰(zhàn)略和競爭戰(zhàn)略，甚至影響到區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。因?yàn)榻ㄔO(shè)物流中心投資規(guī)模大，占用大量城市土地以及建成后不易調(diào)整，對社會物流和企業(yè)經(jīng)營具有長期的影響，所以對物流中心的選址決策必須進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的論證。地址的失誤對于社會物流系統(tǒng)而言，可能會導(dǎo)致社會生產(chǎn)和商品交換的無秩序和低效率；對于企業(yè)經(jīng)營而言，可能因?yàn)樾实拖虏荒軡M足客戶需要而直接影響企業(yè)的經(jīng)營利潤。物流中心是經(jīng)常性和長期性的，能很好的選址就能節(jié)省大量的運(yùn)輸?shù)荣M(fèi)用，加強(qiáng)貨物的周轉(zhuǎn)率和及時送達(dá)率，滿足客戶的費(fèi)用和實(shí)效的要求。在物流系統(tǒng)中，配送中心居于重要的樞紐地位。物流配送中心的選址，是指在一個具有若干供應(yīng)點(diǎn)及若干需求點(diǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域內(nèi)，選一個或多個地址設(shè)置配送中心的規(guī)劃過程。較佳的物流配送中心選址方案可以有效地節(jié)約費(fèi)用，促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)的協(xié)調(diào)與配合，保證物流系統(tǒng)的平衡發(fā)展。因此，物流配送中心的合理選址就顯得十分重要。 2物流中心選址的影響因素 （1）貨物分布和數(shù)量。這是配送中心配送的對象，如貨物來源和去向的分布情況、歷史和現(xiàn)在以及將來的預(yù)測和發(fā)展等。配送中心應(yīng)該盡可能地與生產(chǎn)地和配送區(qū)域形成短距離優(yōu)化。貨物數(shù)量是隨配送規(guī)模的增長而不斷增長的。貨物增長率越高，越是要求配送中心選址的合理性，從而減少輸送過程中不必要的浪費(fèi)。 （2）運(yùn)輸條件。物流配送中心的選址應(yīng)接