精選幻燈片-初中英語 語法填空解題方法

專題訓(xùn)練語法填空Teacher:MissAgree,1,題型概說,2,常用的動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞搭配,3,4,解題技巧,在做語法填空題時(shí),可以用一種“自上而下”的思路去思考答案。即可以從“篇章，句子，詞匯”三個(gè)層面去考慮。,5,一、整體了解文章主旨，把握語篇特征二、理解句子意思，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)三、根據(jù)篇、句意思，推敲用詞形式四、通篇重讀，保證語意貫通五、單詞歸納,6,整體了解文章主旨，把握語篇特征,1、文章主旨要義理解，2、作者觀點(diǎn)、意圖、立場3、句與句之間的關(guān)系正確理解上下文的意思及各種語篇標(biāo)志。（因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系等）4、時(shí)態(tài)變換,7,首先要通讀文章,了解文段中談及的要點(diǎn)發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、人物及其關(guān)系等,文章的意思決定了選詞。其次,要通過字里行間的意思推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖、立場,如:作者同意什么,反對什么,喜好什么,憎惡什么,主張什么等等,這種理解直接影響你的填詞決定。,8,句與句之間的關(guān)系是另一重要方面。你必須要正確理解上下文的意思及各種語篇標(biāo)志。例如:上下文是如何銜接的,上下文的意思是因果關(guān)系,還是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、或是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系等。最后是你做題前,要特別關(guān)注整篇文章的時(shí)態(tài)變換。要把有關(guān)的表示時(shí)空順序的標(biāo)志詞及時(shí)間狀語畫出來,看看是否發(fā)生了變化,為什么發(fā)生變化。,9,理解句子意思，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)了解文章整體意思后,必須看清各個(gè)句子的意思,尤其是含有空格的句子的意思。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)是答題過程中很關(guān)鍵的一步。一個(gè)句子的最關(guān)鍵詞是它的主要謂語動(dòng)詞及其相應(yīng)主語,這一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)就是該句的主句。其他成分,如賓語、表語、補(bǔ)語、狀語、定語等都是附加成分。做題時(shí)，首先弄清楚句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，確定“主謂賓”成分，看看該句子缺不缺少謂語動(dòng)詞。然后再考慮非謂語動(dòng)詞或者其他擴(kuò)展成分。此外，我們還可以用其他方法來分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，確定填什么詞。,10,1）翻譯提示法有時(shí)候,對句子的翻譯會(huì)大大提高我們的正確答題率,如:,an,Jumpingoutof_airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite_excitingexperience.,從一萬英尺高的一架飛機(jī)上跳下來是一次非常令人興奮的經(jīng)歷。,an,11,Whichdoyouenjoy_(spend)yoursparetime,playingcardsathomeortakingawalkinthepark?分析:此句根據(jù)意群可分成Whichdoyouenjoy及_yoursparetime和playingcardsathomeortakingawalkinthepark三塊,enjoy的賓語是playingcardsathomeortakingawalkinthepark,而_yoursparetime部分應(yīng)該是一個(gè)表示目的不定式。,2）意群切分法意群就是句子中根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系和語法結(jié)構(gòu),有一定獨(dú)立性的,可以切割開的更小的部分。解題時(shí),將句子的意群分離清楚并理順其邏輯關(guān)系,有助于確定正確答案。如:,12,Whichdoyouenjoy_(spend)yoursparetime,playingcardsathomeortakingawalkinthepark?,tospend,enjoydoingsth,13,Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_(carryout)thenextyear.,3）結(jié)構(gòu)還原法由于漢英結(jié)構(gòu)的差別,英語句子中的定語、狀語的位置往往與其所修飾的部分發(fā)生分離現(xiàn)象,解題時(shí),將位置發(fā)生了變化的結(jié)構(gòu)還原會(huì)使解題更容易。,Theywouldliketoseetheplan_(carryout)thenextyear,seesthdone,carriedout,14,Nomatterhowfrequently_(perform),theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.,4）結(jié)構(gòu)補(bǔ)全法將被省略的部分還原,補(bǔ)充為一個(gè)完整的句子。如:,分析:將從句中被省略的部分還原為:Nomatterhowfrequentlytheyare_.就不難確定正確答案為performed。,performed,15,Thecountrylifehewasusedto_(change)greatlysince1992.,5）簡化結(jié)構(gòu)法去掉插入語、修飾語、附加結(jié)構(gòu)、某些從句等,將原本比較復(fù)雜的句子簡化,有助于我們看清句子結(jié)構(gòu)。,Thecountrylifehewasusedto_(change)greatlysince1992.,haschanged,分析:如果我們?nèi)サ鬰ountrylife的定語從句hewasusedto,將原句簡化為Thecountrylife_greatlysince1992.那么可以確定正確答案為haschanged。,16,Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_(notmake)itmoredifficult.,6）結(jié)構(gòu)對比法某些句子結(jié)構(gòu)的前后部分往往包含完全相同或者平衡的語法結(jié)構(gòu),我們可以通過對前后結(jié)構(gòu)的類比辨析來確定正確答案。如;,nottomake,Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_(notmake)itmoredifficult.,nottomake,分析:本句考查的是互相比較的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語的用法。正確答案為nottomake,17,Manypeopleagreethat_knowledgeofEnglishisamustin_internationaltradetoday.,7）后空確認(rèn)法當(dāng)一個(gè)句子含有兩個(gè)空格是,不一定非要從第一個(gè)入手,而是從第二個(gè)空格來確定答案,即在兩個(gè)考點(diǎn)的提目中不一定非要從第一個(gè)入手,而是從有把握的入手,尋找解題的突破口。如:,Manypeopleagreethat_knowledgeofEnglishisamustin_internationaltradetoday.,a,/,分析:該題的時(shí)間狀語today并不是修飾internationaltrade,而是修飾整個(gè)句子,所以internationaltrade并非特指,其前邊不需要冠詞,因此,可確定第一格答案為a,第二格可不填。,18,實(shí)踐與提高Practicemakesperfect!,19,1.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool_(send)abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.2.Mybrotherisanactor.He_(appear)inseveralfilmssofar.3.MrWhite_(arrive)at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidntshowup.,weresent,hasappeared,shouldhavearrived,20,4.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_(be)tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother,sowewillcomplaintotheteacher.5.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_(notmake)itmoredifficult.,nottomake,are,21,Aproverbsays,“Timeismoney.”Butinmyopiniontimeiseven_1_preciousthanmoney.Why?_2_whenmoneyisspent,weearnitback.However,whentimeis_3_itwillneverreturn._4_isknowntoallthatthetimewecanuseislimited.Thereforeweshouldmake_5_useofourtimetostudyhardsoastoserveoutcountryin_6_future.Butitisapitythattherearealotofpeople_7_donotrealizethevalueoftime.They_8_theirprecioustimesmoking,drinkingandplaying.Inaward,weshouldformthegoodhabitof_9_(save)time.Donotputoffwhatcanbedonetoday_10_tomorrow.,22,Aproverbsays,“Timeismoney.”Butinmyopiniontimeiseven_1_preciousthanmoney.Why?_2_whenmoneyisspent,weearnitback.However,whentimeis_3_itwillneverreturn._4_isknowntoallthatthetimewecanuseislimited.Thereforeweshouldmake_5_useofourtimetostudyhardsoastoserveoutcountryin_6_future.Butitisapitythattherearealotofpeople_7_donotrealizethevalueoftime.They_8_theirprecioustimesmoking,drinkingandplaying.Inaward,weshouldformthegoodhabitof_9_(save)time.Donotputoffwhatcanbedonetoday_10_tomorrow.,23,Aproverbsays,“Timeismoney.”Butinmyopiniontimeiseven_1_preciousthanmoney.Why?_2_whenmoneyisspent,weearnitback.However,whentimeis_3_itwillneverreturn._4_isknowntoallthatthetimewecanuseislimited.Thereforeweshouldmake_5_useofourtimetostudyhardsoastoserveoutcountryin_6_future.Butitisapitythattherearealotofpeople_7_donotrealizethevalueoftime.They_8_theirprecioustimesmoking,drinkingandplaying.Inaward,weshouldformthegoodhabitof_9_(save)time.Donotputoffwhatcanbedonetoday_10_tomorrow.,more,Because,gone,It,full,the,who,spend,saving,until/till,24,inmyopinion我認(rèn)為Therefore因此，所以Itisknowntoallthat是眾所周知的Soasto為了inthefuture在將來Itisapitythat真遺憾formthegoodhabitof形成良好的習(xí)慣spend+時(shí)間/金錢+(in)doingsth花金錢/時(shí)間做某事,25,IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountain.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar_1_(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto_2_shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme_3_aguestintheirhouse.Finally,Iacceptedtheofferofanoldwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme_4_(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastryinguphishorsetomycartopullitto_5_smalltownsome20kilometersaway_6_therewasagarage.,26,Ihadnoticedthreehensrunningfreeinmyhostessscourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable._7_villagersbroughtmegoatscheeseandhoney,Wedranktogetherandtalked_8_(merry)tillfarintothenight.Whenthetimecameformesaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldman_9_thetroubleIhadcause_10_.,27,IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountain.Thesunwassettingwhenmycardownneararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingastoshouldhavethehonorofreceivingmeaguestint