新概念英語第二冊筆記_第71課

1、Lesson 71 A Famous Clock一個著名的大鐘【 Text 】When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can beheard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834,the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes

2、 its name from Sir Benjamin Hall whowas responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. Itis not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatoryhave the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the

3、 clock when it is actually strikingbecausemicrophonesare connectedto the clocktower . Big Ben has rarelygonewrong. Once,however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a potof paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!【課文翻譯】當你游覽倫敦時， 首先看到的東西之一就是“大本 ”鐘，

4、即那座從英國廣播公司的廣播中全世界都可以聽到它的聲音的著名大鐘。如果不是國會大廈在1834 年被焚毀的話，這座大鐘永遠也不會建造?！按蟊?”鐘得名于本杰明 .霍爾爵士，因為當建造新的國會大廈時，他負責建造大鐘。此鐘不僅外型巨大， 而且走時也非常準確。 格林尼治天文臺的官員們每天兩次派人矯正此鐘。當大鐘打點的時候，你可以從英國廣播公司的廣播中聽到，因為鐘塔上接了麥克風。 “大本 ”鐘很多出差錯。然而有一次，它卻把時間報錯。在鐘塔上干活的一位油漆工把一只油漆桶掛在了一根指針上，把鐘弄慢了！New words and expressions生詞和短語parliamentn議會，國會erectv建立a

5、ccurateadj準確的officialn官員，行政人員Greenwichn格林威治observatoryn天文臺checkv檢查microphonen擴音器，麥克風towern塔【生詞講解】1.parliament國會the Houses of Parliament( 英國的 )Member of Parliament國會議員國會大廈Eg: Parliament today approved the policy, but it has not yet become law.現(xiàn)在國會通過政策，但是政策還沒有變成法律。2.Erectv.建造，樹立，建起V. erect a monument建

6、立紀念碑1)豎起，搭起erect a tent搭起帳篷Eg: The building was erected in 1900-1901.此建筑是在1900年到 1901年間建造的。Eg: Demonstrators have erected barricades in roads leading to the parliament building.示威者在去往國會大樓的路上豎起了路障。Eg: We all unconsciously erect barriers between each other.我們都不知不覺的在彼此之間豎起了隔閡2)adj. 豎立的，垂直的，直立的stand ere

7、ct直立Eg: Hold your head erect.把頭挺直。3.accurateadj.精確的，準確的Eg:an accurate clock, mapHis description was accurate.準確的鐘，地圖他的敘述很準確。Eg:Police have stressed that this is the most accurate description of the killer警察強調(diào)說這就是殺人犯最為精確的描述了。Eg:Journalists are not always accurate in what they write.新聞工作者的報道并非一貫準確。tak

8、e accurate aiman accurate dimensionaccurately adv.accuracy n.瞄得準精確的尺寸4.Official1 ）官方的Official affairs公務 , 公事Official funds公款Official documents官方文件an official announcement官方公告an official website官方網(wǎng)站Eg:The official reason given for the President's absence was sickness.對于總統(tǒng)的缺席，官方給出的原因是生病了。2 ）官員Eg:A

9、 senior UN official hopes to visit Baghdad this month.聯(lián)合國的一個高級官員希望這個月去訪問巴格達。5. Greenwich n.格林尼治 / 格林威治Greenwich Mean Time世界時（也叫格林尼治/ 格林威治時間）縮寫GMT6.observatory n.天文臺，氣象臺1 ）observevt.慶祝 =celebrateEg: How do you observe Childrens Day?你如何慶祝兒童節(jié)？vt.觀察；遵守；說；注意到；評論Eg: Someone who doesn't observe traffic

10、 regulations will sweat.不遵守交通規(guī)則者必將要吃苦頭。Eg: We can observe our kids and learn more about them.我們就可以觀察我們的孩子，更多地了解他們。2 ） Observer n觀察者Eg: I think that's what I learned from him: how to be an observer.我想這是我從他那里學到的：怎么做一個觀察者。3 ） observatory天文臺，氣象臺7.Check檢查，核對Eg:Check the accuracy of everything in your

11、 CV.檢查你的簡歷上每處都是準確的。Eg:I think there is an age limit, but I have to check.我覺得是有年齡限制的，但是我需要查一下Eg:I shall need to check with the duty officer我要與執(zhí)勤管核對一下。Eg:He must check his work more carefully because it's full of mistakes.他檢查工作時要再仔細一些，因為到處是錯。check in/check out入房登記，退房辦理check in one's luggage托運行

12、李check (up) on sb.調(diào)查某人的行為，背景等Eg:The police are checking up on him.警方正在調(diào)查他checklist 清單 check-point檢查點n. hold/keep sth in check抑制，約束，制止keep my temper in check控制我自己不發(fā)脾氣8.Microphone麥克風，擴音器，話筒Eg:I keep these songs in my head until I get behind the microphone.直到站在話筒前我一直是將這些歌記在腦中。Eg:Record a CD. If you hav

13、e a computer and microphone, all you need is your talent.做一張 CD 唱片。如果你擁有電腦和麥克風，所有你需要的只是你的才能。Eg:Would you like to talk to me on the microphone, instead of typing in the chatroom.你愿意用麥克風跟我講話，而不是在聊天室里打字嗎？9.Eg:Towern塔The Tower of London stands in the East End of London.倫敦塔位于倫敦的東區(qū)。Eg:I felt dizzy when I

14、looked down from the top of the television tower.當我從電視塔頂往下看時，我感到頭暈目眩?！菊n文講解】1.famousEg: London was once famous for its fogs.倫敦曾以多霧而聞名Eg:Brighton is famous as a bathing place.布來頓以海水浴場馳名英國廣播公司在電視上看到，在廣播里聽到都用on。Eg: I saw him on TV last night.昨天晚上我看到他上電視了。when引導的時間狀語從句。one of +名詞復數(shù)（前面可以用序數(shù)詞，最高級等修飾）you wi

15、ll see是定語從句，作 things的定語。省略了Big Ben和 the famous clock同位語which can be heard定語從句an be heard情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)one of the most famous singersthat ，只能用that.2. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock wouldnever have been erected.If 引導的非真實條件句 ( 詳見 key structure)對過去事情的虛擬：If +從句（過

16、去完成時） ， 主句 (would have done）虛擬語氣很重Eg:If Ihad worked harderat school, Iwould have gota better job .對現(xiàn)在事情的虛擬：要，左邊是最最If +從句（一般過去時） ，主句（ would do）Eg:If Iwerein your position, Iwould actdifferently .基本的考點。Eg:If yousawhim now youwouldn t recognizehim .錯綜時間下的用法：過去條件+ 現(xiàn)實情況Eg: If hehad takenthe doctor s advi

17、ce, heshould not beill now.要是當初聽了醫(yī)生的話，他現(xiàn)在就不會生病了。Eg: If the doctorhadn t comein time, the patientwould bedead by now.大夫及時到了，病人得救了。burn down使（燒成平地） ，燒毀Eg: The hospital was burned down last month.那家醫(yī)院上個月被燒毀了。burn 燒壞，燒傷，燒焦，燙傷, 曬傷Eg: The soup is very hot. Don't burn your mouth.湯很熱，別燙傷了你的嘴。Eg: Sorry,I

18、've burnt the sausage.對不起，我把香腸給烤焦了。Burn for sth.（通常用于進行時態(tài)。表示極欲做某事）Eg: He is burning for avenging the death of his father.他心急如焚要報殺父之仇。Eg: burn one's boats/bridges斷某人后路，破釜沉舟burn the midnight oil開夜車burn oneself out筋疲力盡或損害了自己的健康（指勞累過度）Eg: If he doesn't stop working so hard,he'll burn him

19、self out.他繼續(xù)這樣拼命工作，就會累垮的。3. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.take its name from以命名Eg: The Hubble telescope takes its name from Hubble .Sir Benjamin Hallsir+ 人的全名表示 爵士。Sir Walter Scottwho 引

20、導的定語從句be responsible for為 負責Eg: She is my child, and I am responsible for her.她是我的孩子,我對她負責。the making of the clock = making the clockwhen引導的時間狀語從句4. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well.not only butwellas不但 而且be +of +n.用來表示人或物的特征。extremely accurate極其精確（副詞修飾形容詞）quite sure

21、十分確信5. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.Hhave sb doing sth讓某人一直做have sb do = let sb do =make sb do讓某人做某事have sth to do有什么事情要做have sth done讓某事被做（讓別人做）= ask sb to do sth6 are connected to the clock tower.Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.strike v.敲鐘，打，打擊（struck ,stru

22、ck)connect to這里是被動語態(tài)the clock tower鐘塔rarely adv.幾乎不go wrong（ with sth.)出錯，出故障， （機器等）發(fā)生故障/ 出毛病Eg:My watch/the engine of the car has gone wrong.Eg:Something has gone wrong with my car.6. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working onthe tower hung a pot of paint o

23、n one of the hands and slowed it down!fail to do sth.give the correct time沒有做某事，未履行做某事，失敗做某事給予正確的時間7. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the handsand slowed it down!who引導的定語從句had been doing過去完成進行時hang sth. on sth.a pot of paint一桶油漆slow down 讓某物慢下來。Eg: He slowed

24、 his car down while driving in heavy traffic.【關鍵詞組摘錄】1. all over the world2. burn down3. take ones name from4. be responsible for5. not only, but also6. of immense size【 Key structure】7. extremely accurate8. have the clock checked9. be connected to10. go wrong11. fail to do sth12. slow it down虛擬語氣詳細

25、講義語法：虛擬語氣：一虛擬語氣的定義虛擬語氣：表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設或推測等。如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鳥，我就能在空中飛行。I wish Icould passthe examination.我希望我能通過考試。May you succeed!祝您成功！二虛擬語氣在條件從句中的用法。條件從句有兩類，一是真實條件句，另一是虛擬條件句。如果假設的情況可能發(fā)生，是真實條件句，這種情況下謂語用陳述語氣。 if 有表示 “如果 ”的意思如：If time permits, well go

26、fishing together.如果時間允許，我們就一起去釣魚。（主將從現(xiàn)）如果假設的情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。虛擬條件句就是對現(xiàn)實條件的一種虛擬假設，所假設的條件一般不符合事實或與事實相反或在現(xiàn)實中發(fā)生的可能性極小。根據(jù)時間的不同，虛擬條件句可分為三種，即與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句、與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句及與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句。如：If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天來，你就會見到那位著名的教授了。（隱含的事實是：你昨天沒來，也沒見到那位著名教授）在

27、含有虛擬條件句的復合句中，主從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣，現(xiàn)將其形式列表如下：區(qū)分條件從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反If 主語過去式（從句中系動主 語 would/should/could詞 be 多用 were形式）動詞原形與過去事實相反If 主語 had 過去分詞主 語 would/should/couldhave 過去分詞與將來事實相反If 主語過去式/should主 語 would/should/could動詞原形 /were to動詞原形動詞原形動詞形式時間從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反動詞過去式從句用過去式(be的過去式用主句 would(could/should/might)+動詞原形與過去事實相反

28、從句用had+動詞過去分詞主句用 would(could/should/might)+have過去分詞與將來事實可能相反動詞過去式從句用 should+動詞原形主句用 would(could/should/might)+動詞原形或者 were to+動詞原形would(could/should/might)+注：主句中的should只用于第一人稱，但在美國英語中，were) should動詞原形常被 would代替；從句中的should可用于各種人稱。1 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設和結果。如：If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him

29、 the truth.要是我是你，我就會告訴他真相了。（事實上我不是你）If she had time, she would(could, might)help me.如果她有時間，她就會幫我了。（事實上她沒有時間）2 表示與過去事實相反的假設和結果。如：If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should(would, could, might)have telephoned you.如果昨天我知道了你的電話號碼，我就會給你打電話了。（事實上我昨天不知道你的電話號碼。）If you had taken my advice, you

30、wouldn t(couldn t) have failed in the exam如果.你聽了我的建議，你就不會考試不及格。 （事實上你根本沒聽我的）3 表示與將來事實可能相反的假設和結果。如：If it should rain, the crops would(could, might)be saved.假如天下雨，莊稼可能就收獲了。-What would happen if I put the paper on the fire -It would burn.？- 我若把只放在火上會怎么樣？- 紙會燒著。注：在表示與將來事實可能相反的條件從句中，were to +動詞原形比較正式，常用于

31、書面語中。如：If you were to go to Beijing, you would (could, might) have a chance to visit Tian An Men Square.三虛擬語氣的其它用法1 虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法在 “It is important (strange, natural, necessary) that”這類句型中 ， that所引導的主語從句中的謂語動詞常用“(should)+動詞原形 ”結構，表示某事是“重要 ”， “奇怪 ”， “自然 ”， “必要 ”等意義。如 :It is important that every Beiji

32、nger (should) be able to speak English.重要的是每個北京人能說英語。It is necessary that he (should) be sent to hospital at once.有必要馬上把他送醫(yī)院。2虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法（ 1 ）在動詞 wish 后的賓語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實相反，或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望，從句通常省略連詞 that 。a. 表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句動詞用過去式或過去進行式(be的過去式用were )表示。如：I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道這個問題的答案

33、。（可惜不知道）I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around但愿我的家鄉(xiāng)四季如春。（只是愿望，實際根本不可能實現(xiàn)）b. 表示對過去情況的虛擬：從句動詞用had+過去分詞。如：I wish (that) I hadn我后悔不該浪費這么多時間。 t wasted so much time.（實際上已經(jīng)浪費掉了）He wishes (wished) he hadnt lost the chance.他真希望沒有失去機會。（事實上機會已經(jīng)失去了，他感到惋惜）c. 表示對將來的主觀愿望：謂語動詞形式為“ would/should/cou

34、ld/might+動詞原形 ”，此時要注意，主句的主語與從句的主語不能相同， 因為主句的主語所期望的從句動作能否實現(xiàn)， 取決于從句主語的態(tài)度或意愿 （非動作名詞除外） 。如：I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安靜一些。（ 2 ）在suggest（建議）, demand(要求 ),order(命令 ),propose(建議 ),insist（堅持要做）command(命令 ), request(要求 ), desire(希望 ) 等動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用“ (should)+動詞原形 ”，表

35、示建議，要求，命令等。如：,I suggest thatThe undergraduatewe (should) start the meeting at once.我建議馬上開會insisted thathe (should) go to work in the south這位即將畢業(yè)的學生堅持要到南方去工作。注：當suggest表示暗示， 主語為something；insist表示堅持觀點時，后接的賓語從句用真實語氣 。比較：His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示著他贊成我的決定。He suggested t

36、hat I (should) stick to my decisionHe insists that doing morning exercises does good to people他建議我堅持自己的決定。 s healt.他堅持認為做早操對健康有益。He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day他堅持他每天都要早操3虛擬語氣在表語從句中的用法“當主語為(should)+advice,suggestion,order ,proposal等詞時后接表語從句，表語從句中的謂語動詞常用動詞原形 ”結構，表示某人建議、勸告、命

37、令等的內(nèi)容。如：My advice is that youshould practisespeaking English as often as possible.我的建議是你盡可能經(jīng)常地練習說英語。The order from the commander was that the troopsshould set offfor the front immediately.司令官的命令是部隊立即開拔去前線。4 特殊的虛擬語氣結構。（ 1 ）虛擬語氣用在狀語從句中由 as if 或 as ，though 引導的狀語從句表示比較或方式時，從句中的謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。動詞形式用動詞的過去式 (be

38、were) 或 had + 過去分詞。如：The teacher treats the studentas if he were her own child這位老師帶這位學生就象她的親生孩子一樣。He speaksas if he had been to the United States他說得好象他真的到過美國似的。（2 ）在It is time (that); Id rather (that)句型中從句的謂語動詞常用動詞的過去式表示 虛擬語氣，意思是“該干某事了，時間已經(jīng)有些晚了”“我寧愿/希望 ”。如：It is time that wedidsomething to stop pollution.該我們做些什么制止污染的時候了。It is time that Fatherpicked upLily from the kindergarten.該父親去幼兒園接莉莉的時候了。I d rather youtoldI d rather I didnme the truth.t see you again.我真希望你告訴我真相。我寧愿不再見著你。（ 3 ）虛擬語氣用在簡單句中a 情態(tài)動詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，表示說話人的謙