初中復(fù)合句(帶練習(xí))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上復(fù)合句英語句子按照句子的功能或使用目的,可分為: 陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句。按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分為簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。復(fù)合句由一個主句和一個或幾個從句構(gòu)成。主句是復(fù)合句的主體，從句僅僅是主句的一個成分，它從屬于主句，不能獨立，不能單獨存在,在句中作某一成分,如賓語.狀語.定語。從句在全句中充當(dāng)什么成分，就叫什么從句。從句賓語從句【名師精講】一. 賓語從句的分類賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動詞的賓語（或直賓）、介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義

2、，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.I dont know why the t

3、rain is late.Miss Zhang is angry at what you said.3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：He asked me whether (if) I could help him.4.下列結(jié)構(gòu)后面的從句一般也作為賓語從句看待：be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that從句,如：Im sorry Im late. Im afraid he isnt in at the moment. 二. 賓語從句的語序無論主句是什么句式，賓語從句必須是陳述句語序。例如：I thin

4、k (that) you will like this school soon.I want to know if (whether) he lives there.Please tell me when well have the meeting.三. 賓語從句的時態(tài)1. 如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，賓語從句該用什麼時態(tài)就用什麼時態(tài)。如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)（一般過去時，

5、 過去進(jìn)行時， 過去將來時，過去完成時）。例如：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon after he graduated from the college.3. 如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象、科學(xué)原理或格言警句，其時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：Our teacher said that January

6、 is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.he teacher asked the boy if the earth is round.四. 其它注意事項1.賓語從句的變換步驟：(1).確定引導(dǎo)詞：that (陳述句) if / whether (一般疑問句) what / when 等（殊疑問句)(2). 時態(tài)一致：如果主句是一般將來時或一般現(xiàn)在時,從句時態(tài)保持不變?nèi)绻骶涫且话氵^去時,時態(tài)必須一致,即用過去的相應(yīng)時態(tài)，客觀真理除外 3).轉(zhuǎn)換語序：三

7、大動詞與主語顛倒位置, do / does / did 去掉,謂語作相應(yīng)變化.當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱I / we，謂語動詞是think , believe, suppose等時，其后的that賓語從句如果表示否定意義，not應(yīng)否定主句謂語，這叫“否定前移”。 例如:I dont think he is right. I dont believe he will come.另外，要注意：這種句子變否定句和一般疑問句時變主句，但完成反義疑問句時要看從句。.賓語從句與簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換：由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語一致時，賓語從句常簡化為“疑問詞動詞不定式”。 I dont know

8、what I should do next.I dont know what to do next.if, whether辨析：if和whether都可作“是否”講，在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時一般可互換。但有些情況例外。在下列情況下，只能用whether,不能用if：1) 引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時。例如：Whether he will come to the party is unknown. The question is whether I can pass the exam.2) 引導(dǎo)詞與動詞不定式或 or not 連用時。例如：I havent made up my mind whether t

9、o go there or not. Could you tell me whether you go or not?3)當(dāng)從句做介詞的賓語時只用whether 不用ifWe are talking about whether well go on the pinic.4)if當(dāng)如果講時,引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句， 這時不能用whether. 例如：You cant work out the plan out if you dont have the meeting .【中考實戰(zhàn)演練】一. 單項填空( )1.I don't know if it _tomorrow.If it _,I wi

10、ll not go fishing. A. rains;rains B. rain; will rain C. will rain; rains D. will rain; will rain ( )2.Could you tell me _?A. where does Li Lei work B. where did Li Lei work C. where Li Lei works D. where Li Lei worked ( )3.She said _she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk .A. that B

11、. where C. which D. when( )4.The teacher told us that the moon _round the earth. A. went B. travels C. turned D. went( )5. Would you please tell me _?A. when did he come homeB. where he would play footballC. if he had seen the filmD. why he didnt watch the game( )6. Do you know _ during the coming s

12、ummer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom doC. what Tom will do D. what Tom did( )7. I want to know_.A. what is his name B. whats his nameC. that his name is D. what his name is( )8. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which( )9. Do you know_?Im not sure. Mayb

13、e he is a doctor. A. who he is B. who is heC. what he does D. what does he do( )10.The teacher told us that the sun _in the east.A. rise B. rises C. rose D. will rise( )11. -Could you tell me _ the Bamboo Garden?-The day after tomorrow, I think.A. when will you visit B. when you will visitC. when wo

14、uld you visit D. when you would visit( )12. Would you please tell me _ next, Mr Wang? A. what should we do B. we should do whatC. what we should do D. should we do what( )13. -Could you tell me _?-Sorry, I dont know. I was not at the meeting.A. what does he say at the meetingB. what did he say at th

15、e meetingC. what he says at the meetingD. what he said at the meeting( )14. -Could you tell me _ last night?-Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home.A. what you were doing B. what were you doingC. what you are doing D. what are you doing( )15. Every morning the patients are asked if _ their temperature

16、 taken.A. they had had B. have they hadC. they have had D. had they had( )16.Could you tell me _ ? A.what the matter is with you B. what was the matter with you C. Whats the matter with you D. whats the wrong with you .( )17. I am sure _ you said is true.A. what B. that C. which D. who ( )18. The ol

17、d man told us _ and _.A. to do what , to do how B. what to do it, how to do itC. what to do, how to do it D. what to do , how to do ( )19.I dont remember _ he worked in that city when he was young.A. what B. which C. where D. who( )20. The photograph will show you _.A. what does our village look lik

18、e B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like二. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1.When does the train arrive ? Could you tell me ? Could you tell me _ the train_.2.I think he will come in a week.(否定句) I _ think he _ come in a week.3.I really know which one I should choose. I

19、really don't know which one _ _.4. Does Mrs. Brown enjoy living here?Could you tell me ?(賓語從句) Could you tell me _ Mrs. Brown_ living here?5. Jim cant decide what he should do next.(同義句) Jim cant decide what _ _ next. 6.I think he has been to Beijing before,_ _?7.I dont think he will come tomorr

20、ow,_ _?8.They arent right. I think (合成一句)I _ think they _ right.9.I think he is right.(同義句)I _ think he _ wrong.10.We found him a good pupil. We found _ _ _ a good pupil. 11.His grandfather died ten years ago. It _ ten years _ his grandfather _. 12. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.

21、（改為賓語從句） I don't know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.13. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改為復(fù)合句）Lucy hasn't decided _ _ _ _ buy.14. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改為簡單句） I don't know _ _ _ to the hospital.15.Tom's father saw him sitting on some eggs.（改為

22、復(fù)合句）Tom's father saw _ _ _ sitting on some eggs.二. 根據(jù)漢語句子的意思完成下列英語句子1. 我認(rèn)為瑪麗不回來了。 I dont think Mary _ _.2. 山姆給我說他準(zhǔn)備去上海。 Sam told me that he _ _ for Shanghai.3. 父親說他買了一臺新電腦。 Father said that he _ _ a new computer.4. 叔叔說他正在寫一本新小說。 Uncle said that he _ _ a new novel.5. 杰克說他有重要事情要做。 Jack said he _ s

23、omething important to do.二. 改錯題：1. Can you tell me if he will come or not tomorrow ? A B C D （ ）_2.Could you tell me how can I get there? A B C D（ ）_直接引語如何變?yōu)殚g接引語【名師精講】1.直接引語是陳述句：變?yōu)殚g接引語時，用連接詞that引導(dǎo)（that在口語中常常省略），主句中謂語said to sb.要改為told sb. 例如：“I'll go to your farm tomorrow”, he said to her.He tol

24、d her that he would go to her farm the next day.巧記順口溜：取掉引號加that，人稱變化要靈活，時態(tài)向后退一步，狀語變化按規(guī)則。2.直接引語是一般疑問句：變?yōu)殚g接引語時，用連接詞if / whether引導(dǎo)，said to要改為asked，沒有間接賓語可以加一個。He said, “Are you interested in English?”He asked me if I was interested in English.巧記順口溜：取掉引號加if，陳述語序要記住，時態(tài)人稱和狀語，小心變化別馬虎。3.直接引語是特殊疑問句：變?yōu)殚g接引語時，用

25、它本身的疑問詞引導(dǎo)?！癢hat do you want ? he asked meHe asked me what I wanted.巧記順口溜：疑問詞引導(dǎo)，陳述莫忘記，小心助動詞，棄它最重要。4.直接引語是祈使句：變?yōu)殚g接引語時，句子的謂語動詞要選用含有祈使句意義的動詞，如tell , ask ,order等，引語的動詞改為不定式。如果祈使句是否定式，在動詞不定式前加not.例如：“Stop talking”the monitor said to the class.The monitor told the class to stop talking.“Don't take off

26、your coat” she said to her sister.She told her sister not to take off her coat.巧記順口溜：取掉引號要加to, tell / ask要記住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語的注意事項：1.人稱變化：一主二賓三不變2.時態(tài)變化：如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，則從句可以用任何時態(tài)；如果主句是一般過去時，則從句用相應(yīng)的過去的某個時態(tài)。如果所述的是科學(xué)真理、客觀事實、格言等，間接引語中的時態(tài)無須改變。3.指示代詞：thisthat thesethose4.時間狀語：nowthen todaytha

27、t day yesterdaythe day before agobefore tomorrowthe next day next weekthe next week5.地點狀語：herethere 6.動詞： comego bringtake【中考實戰(zhàn)演練】一、根據(jù)上句完成下句，每空一詞，意思不能改變。. “ How are you feeling now?” The doctor asked Tom.(改為間接引語)The doctor asked Tom how _ _feeling then.Mother said to me, “Dont go alone at night.” (改

28、為簡單句) Mother told me _ _ go alone at night. “I will ring you up tomorrow” He said to me.(間接引語) He _ me he _ ring me up the next day.She said,“ I have been to Beijing twice”She said that _ _ been to Beijing twice.He said,“Did you see Tom last night?” He asked me _ I _ _Tom _night _.“ Light travels fa

29、ster than sound”The teacher said.The teacher said that light _faster than sound.John asked if I understood what the man was saying.John asked, “_ you _ what the man _saying.She asked when the sports meeting would begin.She asked, “_ _the sports meeting_?”.Father told Joan not to be late for the meet

30、ing.Father said,“ _ _ late for the meeting, please.”10.“ I will come here this evening” shesaid.She said that _ _ _ _ _evening. 狀語從句【名師點睛】用來修飾主句中的動詞，副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語從句。根據(jù)其含義狀語從句可分為時間狀語從句，地點狀語從句，條件狀語從句， 原因狀語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句，比較狀語從句，目的狀語從句，讓步狀語從句。1. 時間狀語從句 (1)時間狀語從句常用由when , before , after(通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為not.until ) ,sinc

31、e（自從.以來，時態(tài)為主現(xiàn)從過）as soon as（一.就，時態(tài)為主將從現(xiàn),when,until,after,before也有此用法) ,until/ till (意為“直到”，主句通常為否定句) while(就在.時，常用進(jìn)行時態(tài))連詞來引導(dǎo)。例如：When he finished his work, he took a short rest.It was raining hard when we got to school yesterday. When John arrived, I was cooking lunch.While he was doing his homework,

32、the telephone rang.While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came toChina.(2)在時間狀語從句里，通常不用將來時態(tài)，而用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)（即主將從現(xiàn)）。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when

33、he comes back.(3)在帶有till或until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含義是“一直到時”，謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞。如果主句用否定式，其含義是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞。例如：Lets wait until the rain stops.He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.Dont get off until the bus stops.2. 條件狀語從句(1)條件狀語從句通常由if, unless，as long as（只要）等引導(dǎo)。例如：What sh

34、all we do if it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building unless I tell you to.Unless you hurry, youll miss the early bus.(2)在條件狀語從句里，謂語動詞通常用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)，即主將從現(xiàn)。例如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill.(3) 祈使句 + and / or + 簡單句(常用將來時),.在意思上相當(dāng)于一個帶有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句

35、，通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為If / Unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。例如：Study hard ,and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.Hurry up, or you will miss the early bus. Unless you hurry up, youll miss the early bus.=If you dont hurry up, miss the early bus.3. 原因狀語從句(1)原因狀語從句通常由由because (因為)、since(既然) 、as(由于)、for(

36、由于)等引導(dǎo)。because表示直接原因，語氣最強。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的問題，只能用because。As和since語氣較弱，一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從居多放在句首。for用來補充說明一種理由， For引導(dǎo)的句子不放在句子的開頭。例如：I decided to stop and have lunch,for I was feeling quite hungry.-Why arent going there? -Because I dont want to.Tom was late for school this mo

37、rning because he missed the early bus.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we are all here, Lets begin .Because 與so這兩個連詞同樣不能用在同一個句子中。例如：我們不能說“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 這個句子應(yīng)改為Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doct

38、or.。對because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句提問時,特殊疑問詞用why,然后轉(zhuǎn)換為一般疑問句.如果主句是否定句,變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧浞穸ㄔ~要提前.例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill. Why didnt he come to school? 4. 結(jié)果狀語從句(1)結(jié)果狀語從句由so.that或such. that (如此.以致) 引導(dǎo)。其肯定形式通?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為enough to;其否定形式通常轉(zhuǎn)換tooto.也可由so that (因此)引導(dǎo)。例如：Im so tired that I cant walk any farther.She is

39、such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.一些重要句型轉(zhuǎn)換：) “so that +否定句”與“too to”的替換eg. He is so young that he cant go to school.= He is too young to go to school(主、從句主語相同)He ran so fast that we couldnt catch up with him.= He ran too fast for us

40、to catch up with. (主、從句主語不同)The box is so heavy that I cant carry it= The box is too heavy for me to carry.(注意carry后省去賓語it)2）“so that +從句”與“enough to”的替換eg.Hes so strong that he can carry the box.= Hes strong enough to carry the box.2)The question is so easy that I can answer it=The question is easy

41、 enough for me to answer(2)sothat語such.that可以互換。例如：在由so.that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，so是副詞，與形容詞或副詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是: “.so + 形容詞（副詞）+ that + 從句”。例如：He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.在由suchthat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，such是形容詞，它修飾

42、的可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞；名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面需加不定冠詞a或an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term exam.有時上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。例如：It was such a wonderful fil

43、m that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.(3)如果名詞前由many, much, little, few等詞修飾時，只能用so, 不用such。例如：Soon there were so many d

44、eer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.5. 比較狀語從句比較狀語從句通常由asas（其否定式為not so .as）, 比較級 + than等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如：Tom runs faster than John does.This classroom is as big as that one.The work isnt so easy as I thought.這項工作比我想象得難。6. 目的狀語從句(1)目的狀語從句通常由 so

45、that, in order that引導(dǎo)，so that可以轉(zhuǎn)換為in order to或to do sth.例如：We started early so that we could catch the first train.We used the computer in order that we might save time.(2)so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個：1)目的狀語從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might等。2)從意思上看，目的狀語從句往往表示的目的很明確。例如：Speak clearly so

46、 that they may understand you. (目的狀語從句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (結(jié)果狀語從句)7. 讓步狀語從句(1)讓步狀語從句通常由although(though) (雖然) ,even if / even though (即使),whatever/whenever / wherever/ however / whoever (no matter + 疑問詞）等引 導(dǎo)。例如：Although I am tired, I must go on working. John continued to work h

47、ard even if he felt sick.(2) Though與but不能同時出現(xiàn),二者只用其一.Though he is young, he knows a lot.English is too hard, but we cant drop it.8. 地點狀語從句地點狀語從句常常由where來引導(dǎo)。例如：Go where you like.Where there is a will, there is a way.【中考實戰(zhàn)演練】一. 單項填空( )1.The twin sisters have learned a lot _they came to China .A. when

48、B. as soon as C. since D. after ( )2.I can't understand this passage _there are no new words in it . A. if B. because C. though D.and( )3.We won't have supper _my brother comes . A. after B. since C. while D. until ( )4. -I hope youll enjoy your trip, dear!-Thank you, mum. Ill give you a cal

49、l _ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till( )5. -Do you know if he _ to play basket ball with us?-I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be( )6. John fell asleep _ he was listening to the music.A. after B. before C

50、. while D. as soon as( )7. We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow.A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming( )8. The police asked the children _ cross the street _ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. dont; when C. not to; until D. not; after( )9. I was late for class

51、yesterday _ there was something wrong with my bike.A. when B. that C. until D. because( )10. -This dress was last years style.-I think it still looks perfect _ it has gone out this year.A. so that B. even though C. as if D. ever since( )11. In the exam, the _ you are, _ the _ mistakes you will make.

52、A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less( )12. You should finish your lessons _ you go out to paly. A. before B. after C. when D. while( )13. When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. which B. that C. where D. though( )

53、14. The teacher raised his voice _ all the students could hear him.A. for B. so that C. because D. in order( )15. It is _ that wed like to go out for a walk.A. a lovely day B. too lovely a dayC. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day( )16. The mountain was _ steep _ few people in our city reached the top.A. soas B. sothat C. asas D. tooto( )17. _ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work.A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if( )18. Write to me as soon as you _ to Beijing. A. will get B. get C. getting D. got( )19. Mary will go _ after she _ her homew