初一英語(yǔ)句子的基本成分

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流初一英語(yǔ)句子的基本成分.精品文檔.起航教育英語(yǔ)句子的基本成分一、句子的基本成分句子的基本成分有以下幾種：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday .主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)1、主語(yǔ)：句子的主體，全句述說(shuō)的對(duì)象。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句擔(dān)當(dāng)，位于句首。Jane is good at playing the piano.（名詞）She went out in a hurry.（代詞）Four plus four

2、is eight.（數(shù)詞）To see is to believe.（不定式）Smoking is bad for health.（動(dòng)名詞）The young should respect the old.（名詞化的形容詞）What he has said is true. （句子）找出下列句中的主語(yǔ)：1、The sun rises in the east.           2、Twenty years is a short time in history.   

3、0;    3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is believing.      5、To see is to believe.          6、He likes dancing.    7、What he needs is a book.8、It is very clear that the elephant is ro

4、und and tall like a tree.2、謂語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或特征。由動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)擔(dān)任，常置于主語(yǔ)后。簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞;He can speak English well.She doesnt seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的謂語(yǔ)（注：只有動(dòng)詞才可作謂語(yǔ)。）：1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.

5、3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.3、賓語(yǔ)：表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者。一般由名詞或代詞擔(dān)當(dāng)，常置于謂語(yǔ)后。Show your passport, please. （名詞）She didn't say anything. （代詞）How many do you want? - I want two. （數(shù)詞）They sent the injured to hospital. （名詞化的形容詞）They asked to see my passport. （不定式）I enjoy working with you. （動(dòng)名詞）Did yo

6、u write down what he said? （句子）賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ).直接賓語(yǔ)指物或事,間接賓語(yǔ)指人或動(dòng)物.He gave me some books. 間接 直接 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)指出下面句子的間接賓語(yǔ)和直接賓語(yǔ)：please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)部分：1. We often help him.2. He likes to play basketball.3. We enjoy listening to the music.4. She said that he felt

7、 sick.5. They are talking about the new student.4、表語(yǔ)：用以表述主語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。一般由名詞或形容詞擔(dān)任，置于系動(dòng)詞之后。He is a student.We are tired.注意：除了be 系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，1)表感官的動(dòng)詞: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2)表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞: become, get, grow, turn, go等。3)表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。The war was

8、over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.That remains a puzzle.I dont feel at ease. 找出下列句中的表語(yǔ)。1. I am a teacher.2. They are on the playground.3. My job is teaching English.4. It gets cold.5. It sounds interesting.5、定語(yǔ)：對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。The black bike is mine.（

9、形容詞）The boy in blue is Jim.（介詞短語(yǔ)）I have nothing to do today.（動(dòng)詞不定式）His father works in a steel work.（名詞）There are 54 students in our class.（數(shù)詞）Do you known bettys sister?（名詞所有格）He bought some sleeping pills.（動(dòng)名詞）There is a sleeping baby in bed.（現(xiàn)在分詞）His spoken language is good.（過(guò)去分詞）注意：1、當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞如：

10、nothing , anything , everything , something 等時(shí)，定語(yǔ)要放在其后作后置定語(yǔ)。例如： I tell him something interesting. 2、不定式、短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如：The boys who are in the room are playing games.定語(yǔ)后置：如果定語(yǔ)是由一個(gè)單詞表示時(shí)，通常要前置。而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí)，通常則后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing und

11、er the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?找出下列句子的定語(yǔ)。1. The black bike is mine.2. She is a chemistry teacher.3. The man in blue is my brother.4. The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.5. The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.6、狀語(yǔ)：用以修飾adj. /v. /adv.及全句，

12、位置靈活。1、修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；I am very sorry.2、表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.They are writing English in the classroom.3、一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。We often help him. He is always late for class.狀語(yǔ)的功用：狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果

13、、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very

14、interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.找出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)1. We often help him.2. I really dont like the food.3. He did his homework carefully at home.4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.5. When I grow up, I am going to be a doctor.7、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有些及物動(dòng)詞除了有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的身份和狀態(tài)以

15、補(bǔ)充其意義不足，使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動(dòng)詞有 ：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：和賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間存在內(nèi)在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：1. They elected John monitor.2. We call him Iron Ox.3. The doctor told me to do more exercise.4. They made her happy.5. He is going to have his hair cut.6. They saw a bird flying i