Confined space

1、Confined Space Entry受限空間進(jìn)入Definition of Confined Space:薩帕受限空間定義 An enclosed space large enough to allow a person to enter and perform work or inspection AND has limited or restricted means of entry or exitAND is not designed for human occupancy 一個足夠大的有限空間可以讓一個人進(jìn)入工作或檢查 此空間在出入途徑上存在限制或阻礙 并非人員正常工作條件，不能持

2、續(xù)停留的空間。What is a confined space什么是受限空間Are these confined spaces?這些是受限空間嗎？這些是受限空間嗎？Risk Assessment風(fēng)險評估Hazards inside and outside the spaceHazards introduced by the task風(fēng)險在空間的內(nèi)部和外部風(fēng)險在空間的內(nèi)部和外部工作任務(wù)導(dǎo)致風(fēng)險工作任務(wù)導(dǎo)致風(fēng)險 Risk Assessment風(fēng)險評估What is a hazard? The hazard is something that could hurt you什么是危險源? 危險源是可能

3、傷害到你的某些存在.Risk Assessment風(fēng)險評估What is a risk 什么是風(fēng)險什么是風(fēng)險 Are you going to get hurt? 你會得到傷害嗎? Level of risk based on severity and probability 風(fēng)險等級基于嚴(yán)重度和可能性Risk Assessment what are the hazards?風(fēng)險評估 危險源在哪里? Fire or explosion 火災(zāi)或爆炸火災(zāi)或爆炸 Flammable substances and oxygen enrichment易燃品和富氧空間易燃品和富氧空間 Loss of co

4、nsciousness through 失去意識失去意識 Increase in body temperature 體溫升高體溫升高 Gas, fume, vapour or lack of oxygen 氣體，煙霧，蒸汽或缺氧氣體，煙霧，蒸汽或缺氧 Drowning thorough the increase in the level of a liquid 溺死在上升的液體里溺死在上升的液體里 Asphyxiation from a free flowing solid or entrapment from a free flowing solid 窒息窒息 Disease 疾病疾病Wha

5、t is the best way to avoid these hazards?避免傷害最好途徑？Dont go in!不要進(jìn)入！Do we need to go in?我們是否需要進(jìn)入？ No person shall enter a confined space to carry out work for any purpose unless it is not possible to achieve that purpose without entry除非除了進(jìn)入沒有別的辦法外，禁止任何人進(jìn)入受限空間除非除了進(jìn)入沒有別的辦法外，禁止任何人進(jìn)入受限空間 Or in other words

6、, you must work outside the space unless you have to enter the space to do the work或者說，除非必須進(jìn)入，否則請你在受限空間外面作業(yè)Risk Assessment風(fēng)險評估 If it is not possible to prevent work in a confined space the employer will have to assess the risk connected with the entering or working in the space如果無法避免進(jìn)入受限空間，雇傭者必須評估進(jìn)入

7、的風(fēng)險 The assessment will identify the risks and a safe system of work will be made based on these risks評估風(fēng)險并建立工作安全流程Risk Assessment Factors風(fēng)險評估 因素Previous contents 以前的物質(zhì)以前的物質(zhì) Residues 殘留物殘留物Contamination 污染物污染物Oxygen deficiency or enrichment 氧含量氧含量Physical dimensions of the space 物理尺寸物理尺寸What is the

8、normal Oxygen level in air?空氣中的正常氧含量Normal正常正常 20.8%Unconscious at 失去知覺失去知覺 16%密閉空間氧氣含量密閉空間氧氣含量19.5%R23%氧氣對人體的影響純氧100%大于0.05MPa（半個大氣壓）的純氧環(huán)境中，對所有的細(xì)胞都有毒害作用，吸入時間過長，就可能發(fā)生“氧中毒”。肺部毛細(xì)管屏障被破壞，導(dǎo)致肺水腫、肺淤血和出血，嚴(yán)重影響呼吸功能，進(jìn)而使各脹器缺氧而發(fā)生損害。在0.1 MPa（1個大氣壓）的純氧環(huán)境中，人只能存活24小時，就會發(fā)生肺炎，最終導(dǎo)致呼吸衰竭、窒息而死。人在0.2 MPa（2個大氣壓）高壓純氧環(huán)境中，最多可停

9、留1.5小時-2小時，超過了會引起腦中毒，生命節(jié)奏紊亂，精神錯亂，記憶喪失。如加入0.3 MPa（3個大氣壓）甚至更高的氧，人會在數(shù)分鐘內(nèi)發(fā)生腦細(xì)胞變性壞死，抽搐昏迷，導(dǎo)致死亡過量吸氧對人體影響過量吸氧還會促進(jìn)生命衰老。進(jìn)入人體的氧與細(xì)胞中的氧化酶發(fā)生反應(yīng)，可生成過氧化氫，進(jìn)而變成脂褐素。這種脂褐素是加速細(xì)胞衰老的有害物質(zhì)，它堆積在心肌，使心肌細(xì)胞老化，心功能減退；堆積在血管壁上，造成血管老化和硬化；堆積在肝臟，削弱肝功能；堆積在大腦，引起智力下降，記憶力衰退，人變得癡呆；堆積在皮膚上，形成老年斑氧氣濃度對人體的影響氧氣濃度氧氣濃度影響影響65-85%激烈的運(yùn)動后恢復(fù)疲勞效果好（短時間）50-

10、60%運(yùn)動能力最大化的濃度（短時間）35-50%對較輕運(yùn)動后的恢復(fù)疲勞效果好（短時間）有氧中毒可能（長時間） 21-30%氧濃度的增加增強(qiáng)運(yùn)動能力氧濃度 30% 時運(yùn)動能力增加 10%18.0%勞動安全衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)最低值 15-16%有缺氧現(xiàn)象呼吸數(shù)量增加 13-15%油燈熄滅12.0%短時間危險Risk Assessment Factors風(fēng)險評估 因素 Hazards created from the work undertaken, check the MSDS 工作產(chǎn)生的危害，工作產(chǎn)生的危害，檢查檢查MSDS Cleaning chemical 化學(xué)品 Sources of ignitio

11、n 點燃物 Isolation 隔離隔離 Ingress of substances 物質(zhì)的進(jìn)入途徑 Equipment isolation 設(shè)備隔離 Emergency procedures 應(yīng)急響應(yīng)應(yīng)急響應(yīng)Management Responsibilities管理職責(zé) SCAP Responsible Person 中鋁薩帕負(fù)責(zé)人中鋁薩帕負(fù)責(zé)人 This SCAP person who will ensure all work activities are carried out in accordance with rules. This includes control of cont

12、ractors, permit to work etc.負(fù)責(zé)整個工作活動的中鋁薩帕的人員，保證符合薩帕的要求；包括承包商管理，工作許負(fù)責(zé)整個工作活動的中鋁薩帕的人員，保證符合薩帕的要求；包括承包商管理，工作許可等可等 Authorising person 授權(quán)人授權(quán)人 A competent person who will issue a confined space entry permit and will ensure all hazard controls associated with the entry are implemented一個能力勝任的人負(fù)責(zé)簽發(fā)受限空間進(jìn)入許可證，保證

13、工作中所有危害的控制措施得到一個能力勝任的人負(fù)責(zé)簽發(fā)受限空間進(jìn)入許可證，保證工作中所有危害的控制措施得到落實落實 Team Leader 組長組長 This person who will lead the entry team and will ensure all aspects of the permit are adhered to by persons under his control領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組作業(yè)（進(jìn)入受限空間），保證所有的許可證的措施得到遵守領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組作業(yè)（進(jìn)入受限空間），保證所有的許可證的措施得到遵守Responsibilities Observer職責(zé) 監(jiān)護(hù)人Responsib

14、ilities Entrant職責(zé)職責(zé) 進(jìn)入者進(jìn)入者Responsibilities Observer職責(zé) 監(jiān)護(hù)人 Monitor activities inside and outside the confined space and determine if it is safe to continue 監(jiān)控空間內(nèi)外的活動是否足夠安全以繼續(xù)監(jiān)控空間內(nèi)外的活動是否足夠安全以繼續(xù) Contact the emergency services if a rescue is required 緊急情況作為緊急緊急情況作為緊急響應(yīng)的聯(lián)系人響應(yīng)的聯(lián)系人 NEVER enter the confined

15、 space 受限空間受限空間 Ensure work continues in accordance with the risk assessment 保證作業(yè)符保證作業(yè)符合風(fēng)險評估的控制要求合風(fēng)險評估的控制要求 Monitor physical signs of entrants for symptoms of exposure. 監(jiān)控進(jìn)入者監(jiān)控進(jìn)入者的暴露狀態(tài)的暴露狀態(tài)Responsibilities Entrant職責(zé) 進(jìn)入者 Must be trained and authorised to enter a confined space 必須得到培訓(xùn)和授權(quán) Work in accor

16、dance with the risk assessment and safe work instructions 遵守風(fēng)險評估和安全作業(yè)流程 Remain in visual contact with the observer(s) 保持和監(jiān)護(hù)人的眼神聯(lián)絡(luò)Responsibilities Entrant職責(zé) 進(jìn)入者 Evacuate the confined space immediately when:當(dāng)以下情況，立即撤離受限空間： Instructed to do so by the observer 監(jiān)護(hù)人的要求 Instructed by the authorising person

17、 授權(quán)人的要求 Perceived to be in danger 感覺到危險 Automatic alarm activated, gas detector, fire alarms etc 自動報警起動，氣檢儀，煙感等 Take part in a debrief session after the entry Type of confined space受限空間種類 No Entry: Space that is unlikely to be entered不要進(jìn)入: 很少進(jìn)入的空間 If entry is required the space must be assessed to d

18、etermine type and safe entry procedures 進(jìn)入前必須評估風(fēng)險并制定安全流程 Non permit: follow safe procedure (no possibility of hazardous atmosphere) 無需許可：按照安全操作規(guī)程進(jìn)入無需許可：按照安全操作規(guī)程進(jìn)入 Permit required: Always requires an atmosphere gas check需要許可：保證氣體檢測Confined Space Inventory受限空間清單Permit to Work工作許可Permit to Work 工作許可工作許

19、可 Fall Prevention 墜落預(yù)防墜落預(yù)防 Hot work 動火作業(yè)動火作業(yè)Confined Space Entry 受限空間進(jìn)入受限空間進(jìn)入Energy IsolationsExcavation and digging 挖掘挖掘Atmospheric Testing大氣檢測Test for 需要檢測需要檢測:Oxygen 氧氣Flammable 可燃?xì)釺oxic 毒氣Carbon Monoxide 一氧化碳Hydrogen Sulphide 硫化氫氫氣。Atmosphere Testing大氣檢測The confined space atmosphere will be chec

20、ked 檢測時間:Before entry 進(jìn)入前進(jìn)入前During entry 進(jìn)入中進(jìn)入中Before re-entry 再次進(jìn)入前再次進(jìn)入前Gas Analyser氣體分析儀Gas Analyser and bump testAtmosphere Testing大氣檢測 Gas checks Oxygen 氧氣 Normal 正常正常20.8% Between 介于介于19.5% and 23.0% If its too high 是否太高是否太高 If its too low 是否太低是否太低Symptoms of Exposure暴露癥狀Lack of oxygen 缺氧缺氧 Dis

21、turbed respiration 干擾呼吸干擾呼吸 Abnormal fatigue 疲勞疲勞 Increase in breathing and heart rate 呼吸心跳加快呼吸心跳加快 Euphoria 欣快癥、興奮欣快癥、興奮 Headache 頭痛頭痛 Nausea 惡心惡心 Vomiting 嘔吐嘔吐 Unconsciousness 失去意識失去意識Atmosphere Testing大氣檢測 Gas checks Lower Explosion Limit 爆炸低位極限(LEL)Less than 少于10%Atmosphere Testing大氣檢測 Gas check

22、s Carbon Monoxide 一氧化碳Less than 25ppm 少于25PPM25 parts per million 百萬分之百萬分之25Headache 頭痛Discomfort 不適Staggering 搖晃Confusion 混淆 Unconsciousness 失去意識Atmosphere Testing大氣檢測 Gas checks Hydrogen Sulphide 硫化氫硫化氫 Less than10 ppm 少于10PPM10 parts per million百萬分之百萬分之10Irritation of eyes, nose and throat 眼睛鼻子喉嚨

23、過敏 Loss of breath 停止呼吸Unconsciousness 失去意識Convulsions 抽搐Atmosphere Testing大氣檢測 Other gasses will be tested when required其它氣體，如需：其它氣體，如需： Ammonia 氨氣 Etc. Atmosphere Testing大氣檢測What if the atmosphere is unacceptable?如果結(jié)果不可接受？如果結(jié)果不可接受？ Find cause of contaminant 尋找根本原因 Remove source of contamination 移走污

24、染源 Purge, ventilate 凈化通風(fēng) Re test 再檢測Ventilation通風(fēng)Set ventilator back from openingVentilate out instead of directly down into spaceConfined Space Blower (gas or electric)受限空間排風(fēng)機(jī) Blinding盲板Disconnecting斷開Double block and bleed二次隔斷Isolation: Gases, liquids and other flowing materials隔離：氣體，液體，其它物質(zhì)Equipm

25、ent設(shè)備 Gas cylinders 氣瓶 Out side space and turned off after use 在空間外，使用后關(guān)閉 Fall prevention 墜落預(yù)防 Temporary barriers, covers etc. to be used 臨時護(hù)欄，蓋板等Special Equipment May be needed特殊設(shè)備 Explosion-proof equipment 防爆設(shè)備 Instrumentation 儀器 Lockout/ Tagout devices 上鎖掛牌 Approved lighting 安全照明 PPE Ventilation

26、equipment 通風(fēng)設(shè)備 Radio 無線電 Barriers 護(hù)欄 Ladders 梯子 Entry/exit equipment 進(jìn)入/離開工具 Rescue/retrieval equipment 救援設(shè)備Equipment設(shè)備 All entrants must use 進(jìn)入者必須使用 Safety helmet 安全帽 Safety boots, gloves, eye protection, hearing protection安全鞋，手套，護(hù)目鏡，耳塞 Suitable Overalls 所有合適的 Harness 安全帶 Self rescue sets 自救設(shè)施Harne

27、ss Training 安全帶培訓(xùn)Have you had training? 是否經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)？是否經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)？If not you can not go into the Confined Space 如非，如非，不能進(jìn)入受限空間不能進(jìn)入受限空間Tripod and WinchUse tripod and winch with harnessTripod and Winch三腳架和絞盤Self Contained Rescue SetsSelf contained breathing apparatus will supply air for 10 minutesEmergency Proced

28、ures應(yīng)急響應(yīng) Tripod and winch 三腳架和絞盤 Harness 安全帶 Self Rescue Breathing Apparatus 呼吸器材 Continuous air monitoring 持續(xù)大氣檢測Emergency Procedures應(yīng)急響應(yīng) If entrants experience difficulties a self rescue will be performed如果進(jìn)入者自己感到不適,應(yīng)自救 If self rescue is not possible the external emergency services will be called

29、or the internal rescue team如果自救不可能如果自救不可能, 呼救外部救援力量呼救外部救援力量 Observer contacts the emergency services directly or via site security etc 監(jiān)護(hù)人立即呼叫外部救援或通過保安 No observer is to attempt a rescue監(jiān)護(hù)人不可嘗試救援監(jiān)護(hù)人不可嘗試救援Confined Space Permit to Work受限空間進(jìn)入許可 Pre-job meeting 工作前會議工作前會議 Review job, risk assessment and

30、 specific safe working instructions 評估風(fēng)險和安全作業(yè)流程 Permit to Work: Request 申請申請 Completed by confined space entry team leader and signed by all members of the team including observers 由組長完成,組員和監(jiān)護(hù)人需要簽字Permit to Work工作許可Testing and Isolation 檢測和隔離檢測和隔離 Gas testing will be completed by the authorising per

31、son prior to entry進(jìn)入前，授權(quán)人完成氣體檢測 Gas analyser must be bump tested 氣檢儀必須得到矯正 All energy isolations will be preformed as required by the risk assessment 隔離風(fēng)險評估需要隔離的所有能源 The authorising person will then complete the isolation section which will now allow entry into the confined space 授權(quán)人隔離能源后，方可進(jìn)入Confined Space