特殊疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流特殊疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu).精品文檔.“特殊疑問詞不定式”的用法“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)（question word + to-infinitive）4） 疑問代詞who, what, which等和疑問副詞when, where, how等后面跟不定式，以及連接副詞whether與不定式連用構(gòu)成不定式短語（在作用上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞性從句，名詞成分）。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、復(fù)合賓語的直接賓語、狀語、同位語等句子成分。注意：疑問副詞why后不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式一、“疑問詞+不定式動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種功用： 1）作主語Where to go i

2、s still a question. 到哪里去還是個(gè)問題。（作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式）When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided. Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was. 選擇吃什么，已經(jīng)不像以前那么.When to start has not been decided. 何時(shí)動(dòng)身尚未決定。What to read is an important question. 該讀些什么是一個(gè)很重要的問題。How to begin is more difficult

3、 than where to stop. 如何開始比到哪里停止還困難。2） 作賓語（作用相當(dāng)于名詞性從句）A. 用作動(dòng)詞賓語He asked how to open the box. 他詢問如何打開盒子。 She couldnt think what to say. 她想不出說什么。He could not tell whom to trust. Our teacher explained how to use the word processor. 老師向我們說明如何使用文字處理機(jī)。I know where to find the boy. 我知道到哪里能找到這個(gè)男孩。（作動(dòng)詞know的賓語

4、）B. 作于間接賓語后作直接賓語Ill show you how to do it. 我將給你講這怎么做。She kindly advised me what to do. 她好心的勸告我該做什么。My sister taught me how to fold paper into a crane. 我姐姐教我如何折紙鶴。C. 用作介詞賓語I have no idea of how to do it. 我不知道如何做此事。Bill said something to her about what to do. 比爾給她講了講應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣做。I found a book on how to avoi

5、d having a heart attack. 我找到一本書談如何避免心臟病復(fù)發(fā)。We must first solve the problem of whom to serve. .為誰服務(wù)的問題。（作介詞of的賓語）3）作表語The question is how to learn English well. 問題是怎樣學(xué)好英語。（作表語）The problem is where to find the financial aid. The question is what to do next. 問題是下一步怎么辦。The question is how to carry out th

6、e plan. 問題是怎樣執(zhí)行這個(gè)計(jì)劃。5） 作復(fù)合賓語的直接賓語I can tell you where to get this book. He will advise you what to do.Will you show me how to use the machine?I asked her how to learn English. 我問她如何學(xué)英語。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）5）作狀語She was at a loss what to do. 她不知如何是好。（做狀語）6）作同位語The question whether to confess troubled the girl. 是否要

7、坦白的問題使姑娘很煩惱。（做同位語）I have no idea which one to take. 我不知道拿哪個(gè)好。（同位語）Tom had no idea which book to read first. 2、 “特殊疑問詞動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)常用在某些動(dòng)詞后作賓語，類似的動(dòng)詞有：tell, show, know, learn, teach, find out, forget, wonder, imagine, learn, decide, consider, understand, remember, think等。Eg: Ill show you how to do it. 我要讓

8、你看看如何做這件事。Youd better find out where to put it. 你最好弄清楚要把它放在哪里。注：（作介詞賓語）某些介詞后面可接疑問詞不定式作賓語，這類介詞常用的有 about, as, from, in, of, on, with等 He has no idea of how to answer this question. 他不知道怎樣回答這個(gè)問題。 Della had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. 德拉僅有$1.87為來吉姆買一件禮物。(which是關(guān)系代詞)You have a number of

9、topics from which to choose. 你有很多題目可以選擇。(which是關(guān)系代詞)（作復(fù)合賓語）某些動(dòng)詞后面可以先有個(gè)賓語，然后才接適當(dāng)?shù)摹耙蓡栐~+不定式動(dòng)詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)（即：sb.+ 疑問詞 + 不定式）。這類動(dòng)詞常用的有advise, ask, show, teach, tell, inform等，先加上一個(gè)間接賓語，之后再加上“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作直接賓語。Eg: The chief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the machine. Have you told him where to get th

10、e application form? He will advise you what to do. 他會(huì)建議你們做什么Will you show me how to use this machine? 你能示范教我如何使用這部機(jī)器嗎？When you are trying to advise someone about what to do or what not to do, you can use should / ought to or should not /ought not to. 當(dāng)你想要建議某人做什么或者不做什么時(shí)，你可以用should / ought to 或者 shoul

11、d not / ought not to作雙重賓語（賓語補(bǔ)足語）：某些動(dòng)詞后面可接sb.疑問詞不定式構(gòu)成的雙重賓語，這類動(dòng)詞常用的有advise, ask, show, teach, tell等。Eg: He will advise you what to do. 他會(huì)建議你們做什么Will you show me how to use this machine? 你能示范教我如何使用這部機(jī)器嗎？三、“特殊疑問詞動(dòng)詞不定式”這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以把復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)為簡單句。Eg: I dont know what Ill do next. = I dont know what to do next.Eg: Th

12、e doctor told him when he should take the medicine.= The doctor told him when to take the medicine.因?yàn)椤疤厥庖蓡栐~動(dòng)詞不定式”這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞性從句，所以可用同等成分的從句代替，從而把簡單句轉(zhuǎn)換為復(fù)合句。改寫時(shí)只需在疑問詞后加上適當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z，并把不定式改為適當(dāng)?shù)男问降闹^語即可。Eg: Li Ping doesnt know why to learn English. = Li Ping doesnt know why he should learn English.Eg: Which to

13、choose is important. = Which we should choose is important.Eg: The question is where to go. = The question is where we should go.四、“特殊疑問詞動(dòng)詞不定式”這種結(jié)構(gòu)可構(gòu)成獨(dú)立問句。What to do? 怎么辦？How to get rid of the trouble? 如何擺脫困境？該結(jié)構(gòu)的注意點(diǎn)：易錯(cuò)一：按照英語語法的習(xí)慣，疑問副詞why后不直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式。誤：I dont know why to choose that dictionary. （X）正：I

14、 dont know why you must choose that dictionary.但可以接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式（即動(dòng)詞原形），構(gòu)成Why do sth.?/Why not do sth? 結(jié)構(gòu)。肯定形式表示某動(dòng)作是不必要的或沒有意義的，而否定形式則用于向某人提建議和表達(dá)看法，相當(dāng)于祈使句。Eg: Today is Sunday. Why not go out to relax yourself? 今天是周日，干嘛不出去輕松一下呢？Why pay more at other shops? We have the best value.為什么花更多的錢到其他商店去買？我們這里物美價(jià)廉。

15、需要注意的是：why not這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式通常只用于談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在和將來，而不用于談?wù)撨^去。誤：Why not clean the room yesterday? （X）正：Why didnt you clean the room yesterday?Why not do sth? = why dont you do sth?易錯(cuò)二：“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，通常不用于動(dòng)詞think的現(xiàn)在式和過去式之后，但可以用于think的其他形式之后（如現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式）Eg: Im thinking what to do next. 我在想接下來要做什么。Im thinking how to use this co

16、mputer. 我在想如何使用這臺(tái)電腦。有時(shí)，此結(jié)構(gòu)還可以用在有助動(dòng)詞的think之后Eg: She couldnt think what to give the children for Christmas. 她想不出圣誕節(jié)送孩子們什么禮物。易錯(cuò)三：在“which+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，which有時(shí)可以是疑問詞，那就和我們所說的“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣。Eg: I cant decide which to choose. 我不能決定選哪一個(gè)好。Did you ask her which to buy? 你問沒問她該買哪一個(gè)？ 但有時(shí)which可能是關(guān)系代詞，那么這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句了，

17、此時(shí)主要用于介詞之后作賓語。Eg: She must have time in which to grow calm. 她必須有冷靜下來的時(shí)間。=She must have time in which she can grow calm.Allow me one minute in which to change my costumes. 給我一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來卸裝。=Allow me one minute in which I can change my costumes.易錯(cuò)四：1) “特殊疑問詞動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的疑問副詞后要接不及物動(dòng)詞；若接及物動(dòng)詞, 要有動(dòng)詞的賓語。Eg: I dont k

18、now how to talk. 我不知如何談。I wonder if you could tell me how to do it. 不知您能否告訴我如何去做這件事。(不能說: . how to do.)2) 有些動(dòng)詞可以直接跟不定式作賓語，但有些動(dòng)詞是不能直接跟不定式作賓語的，這些不能直接跟不定式的動(dòng)詞它們的后面可以接“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。這類動(dòng)詞主要有：know, suggest, consider, discover, discuss, explain, understand, wonder.Eg: He knowshow to play the piano. 他會(huì)彈鋼琴。We never discovered how to open