英語中“獨立成分”的使用場合及用法探究

1、.獨立成分independent Element獨立成分指的是與句子中其他成分沒有語法關(guān)系如一致關(guān)系、修飾關(guān)系、連接關(guān)系等的詞、短語或分句。他們與其他成分之間通常由逗號隔開。獨立成分常指以下三種：感慨詞嘆詞、呼語和插入語。I. 感慨詞 感慨詞interjection通常由感慨詞表示，也可以由某些短語表示，表示喜怒哀樂等感情，一般位于句首，表示強烈的感情時，其后可用感慨詞。如：Why, the room is empty! 啊要，屋子是空的！嘆詞Oh, what a wonder! 奧，真是個奇跡！嘆詞There, there! Dont cry! 好啦，好啦，別哭了！習(xí)語Away! Let m

2、e see you no more. 滾開！ 別讓我再見到你。副詞II. 呼語說話人對聽話人的稱呼，稱為呼語Vocative。通常由表示人的專有名詞表示，也可以是普通名詞或短語，可位于句首、句末或句中。如：Give me a hand, Lucy.幫我哥忙，露西。Boys, dont waste your time this way.孩子們，別這么浪費時間！Comrades, may I have your attention, please?同志們，請注意。III.插入語插入語Parenthesis對一句話進展解釋或說明，表示說話人對說話內(nèi)容的態(tài)度或看法。插入語可以是一個副詞短語、介詞短語、

3、不定式短語、如今分詞短語或從句，可位于句首、句中或句末。如：To tell you the truth, I dont want to deal with that fellow.老實說，我不想與那家伙打交道。There will be happy ending, I hope.我希望將會有個幸福的結(jié)局。Judging from your accent, you must be from Hei longjiang. 聽口音，你準是個黑龍江人。IV. 英語中“插入語常見的種類和用法插入語通常與句中其它部分沒有語法上的聯(lián)絡(luò)，將它刪掉之后，句子構(gòu)造仍然是完好的。書寫時我們多半用逗號把它與句子的主句

4、分開。1. 插入語的種類較多，常見的有：1.代詞詞組作插入語能用作插入語的代詞詞組有all the same , all told , all in all等。例如：His students was reduced to fiftysix all told.他的學(xué)生減少到總共56人。All in all, her achievement is greatly improved.總的來說，她的成績有很大的好轉(zhuǎn)。2. 形容詞短語作插入語常見的能用作插入語的形容詞短語有：常見的能用作插入語的形容詞短語有excellent，most important of all , true , wonderfu

5、l, sure enough, strange to say , worst still等等。例如：Wonderful , our team has won again.太好了，我們隊又贏了。Most important of all，we must hand in all the homework.最重要的是，我們要上交所有的作業(yè)。True, it would be too late.真的，時間太晚了。Strange to say, we have not got the news up to now.說來也奇怪，我們到如今還沒有得到這個消息。3.副詞短語作插入語能用作插入語的副詞短語有g(shù)e

6、nerally，frankly , indeed , surely , still , exactly， otherwise, certainly，however , personally , honestly，fortunately , though，besides， perhaps，maybe, probably， or rather, lucki1y，等。例如:When he got to campus，he found，however, that his knowledge was too limited.可是到了大學(xué)之后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的知識太有限了。Otherwise , he woul

7、d still be working at factory.不然的話，他還會在工廠工作的。4.介詞短語作插入語用作插入語的介詞短語有: on the other hand, in fact, as a matter of fact，in ones opinion, as a result , in general, in a word，in short, in other words，in a few words，of course, by the way, for example, to ones surprise, in conclusion, on the contrary， in br

8、ief等。例如:To their surprise ， they saw not water this time but glass.使他們驚訝的是，他們這次看到的不是水而是玻璃。You cant wait any more- in other words，you have to go at once.你不能再等了，換言之，你得立即出發(fā)。On the contrary , we should strengthen our ties with them on this aspect.相反，我們還應(yīng)加強和他們的聯(lián)絡(luò)。5.不定式短語作插入語能用作插入語的不定式短語有to be honest , to

9、 be frank , to be sure，to tell you the truth，to make the matter worse， to start with , to begin with， to sum up等。例如To be frank, I don not want to tell your truth.坦率地說，我不想告訴你真相。To tell you the truth , Im not so interested in your matter.跟你說實話，我對你的事情興趣不大。To sum up, success results from hard work.總而言之，

10、成功來自艱辛6.分詞短語作插入語.分詞短語作插入語常見的有:Considering everything into consideration ; everything considered into consideration ; taking everything into consideration； everything taken into consideration考慮到一切; granting/granted that 即使;judging by /from通過.判斷; talking/speaking of談到;seeing that鑒于;given考慮到; Supposing

11、 that假定;assuming that假定;strictly speaking嚴格地說; compared to /with與.相比較;generally speaking一般來說等，例如:Seeing that he is ill, he is unlikely to go to school.鑒于他病了，他不可能去學(xué)校了.Compared with other good students, Liming is a more satisfying student.和其它好學(xué)生相比，李明是一個較為讓人滿意的學(xué)生.Given the general state of her health,

12、Xiaohua may take her a while to recover from the operation.考慮她的身體狀況，可能要花一段時間她才能從手術(shù)中恢復(fù)安康。Generally speaking, the weather in my hometown is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.一般來說，我家鄉(xiāng)的氣候冬天不太冷，夏大不太熱。judging by his clothes，he may be a doctor.從穿著來判斷，他可能是個醫(yī)生。Talking of singing, will you go t

13、o the concert with me tomorrow? 說到唱歌，你愿意明天和我一塊去聽音樂會嗎?7.分句 在陳述句和一般疑問句 作插入語能用作插入語的分句有as we know , I am sure , I think, I suppose, I hope, Im afraid, you see，I believe ,it is said，whats more，that isto say, I know, as I see，believe it or not等。例如: Some animals only half-hibernate, their sleep is not such

14、 a deep one.有些動物只是半冬眠，就是說它們睡得不那么深沉.I believe，we will make our dreams come true sooner or later.我確信，我們的夢想遲早會實現(xiàn)。She cant pass the exam because she doesnt study hard.， whats more, she isnt so smart.他不會通過這次考試，因為她學(xué)習(xí)不認真，更何況她又不太聰明。How do you think dialect is different from standard language? 你認為方言和標準語言有什么不

15、同之處?2.在意思上，插入語在句中通常是對一句話的一些附加說明、解釋或總結(jié)，或者表達說話者的看法和態(tài)度，或是起強調(diào)的作用，有時為了引起對方的注意，或起轉(zhuǎn)移話題或說明事由的作用，或是承上啟下，使句子與前面的語句銜接得更嚴密一些。常見的插人語的用法有以下幾種:1 表示自己的看法、推測或態(tài)度?？捎米鬟@類插人語的有:I hope我希望, in ones opinion在某人看來，I think我認為，I believe我相信，I guess我猜測， to tell the truth老實說，I am afraid我想，我想，personally就我個人而言, as/so far as I am con

16、cerned 就我所知 ，generally speaking一般說來，it seems to me照我看來等。Personally，I dont like his teaching style .就我個人而言，我不喜歡他的教學(xué)風格。In my opinion，I believe in him .依我看，我信賴他這個人。2 表示解釋或說明。這類插人語有: in other words換句話說，so to speak可以說, as it were可以說， that is to say也就是說等。He is, so to speak, the brain of the organization.他

17、可以說是該組織的智囊。He hope you to teach him math, that is to say, he love you. 3 表示言語未盡。這類插入語有：in addition另外,andwhats more而且， besides而且, most important of all最重要的是，and moreover另外, andwhat is worse, worse still更糟的是等。Whats more, many countries use English as a foreign language.此外，許多國家把英語作為一門外語來學(xué)。 The price is

18、 too high, and moreover, the house isnt in a suitable position. 房價太高，另外，房子的位置也不好。4 用來轉(zhuǎn)變話題?？捎米鬟@類插人語的有:by the way順便說，incidentally順便提一句，however然而等。By the way, could you tell me how much it is? 順便問一下, 這個東西多少錢? Incidentally, this would also help reduce your risk of developing diabetes.順便提一下, 這也有助于降低你患糖尿病的風險。5 引起對方注意、傾聽、觀察或考慮。這類插人語有:dont you think你說是吧,you know你知道,you see你瞧，dont you know你是知道的，不是嗎?等。Her performance was wonderful，dont you think?她的表演非常精彩，你說是吧?He can speak in