中考初中賓語(yǔ)從句講義含答案

1、中考初中賓語(yǔ)從句講義（含答案）導(dǎo)入：（在及物動(dòng)詞的后面可以接一個(gè)名詞來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)）Ikowntheman.（而這時(shí)也可以用一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)）Iknowthattheman.jsa.policeman.Themanisapoliceman.1 .基本概念賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作的承受者從句：主從復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的。主句是復(fù)合句的主體，從句僅僅是主句的一個(gè)成分，它從屬于主句，不能獨(dú)立。從句在全句中充當(dāng)什么成分，就叫什么從句。賓語(yǔ)從句：是主從復(fù)合句的一種。賓語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中的從句在全句中作賓語(yǔ)2 .考試題型：賓語(yǔ)從句是中考的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，其主要的考試形式出現(xiàn)在“選擇填空和短文改錯(cuò)”中。3 .

2、引導(dǎo)詞:（1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句：e.g.Ihear（that）hewillbebackinanhour.注：that在句中無(wú)詞義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)句子成分，在口語(yǔ)中往往被省略。（2）由疑問(wèn)代詞who,whom,whose,which,what和疑問(wèn)副詞where,when,why,how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句e.g.1）Doyouknowwhosebookitis?（誰(shuí)的,作定語(yǔ)）2）Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?（為什么，作狀語(yǔ)）3）Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.（誰(shuí)，作主語(yǔ)）注：這些連詞既有詞義又充當(dāng)句子成份。(

3、3)由從屬連詞whether,if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句：if/whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句表示“是否”之義，在句中不充當(dāng)句子成份。e.g.Iwanttoknowif/whethersheisright.Theydidn'tknowwhetherTomcouldcomebackornot.Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.If與whether的區(qū)別(1)與ornot連用只能用whetherEg:Idon'tknowhewillcomeornot.(2)介詞后只能用whetherEg:I

4、don'tcareofheishandsome.(3)與todo不定式連用只能用whetherEg:Hewonderedtostayherethenextweek.(4)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句提到句首時(shí)，只能用whether引導(dǎo)Eg:hewillcomeisnotdecided.三、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句，賓語(yǔ)從句都是運(yùn)用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，即是“主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后”的順序。Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothezoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe'llhavethemeetin

5、g.四、賓語(yǔ)從句種的時(shí)態(tài)變化Ihear(that)Jimwas(be)aworkertwoyearsago.Jimis(be)anEnglishteachernow.Jimwillcook(cook)dinnertomorrow.Jimissinging(sing)apopularsongnow.Jimhasbeen(be)totheGreatWalltwice.Jimwasplaying(play)basketballwhenhisfathercameback.Jimhadlearned(learn)1000Chinesewordsbytheendoflastsemester.FHesaid

6、whattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.A.soon.、HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.Hetoldme(that)summerisafterSpring.Iwastold(that)thesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Myparentstoldme(that)nonewsisgoodnews.1 .當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不作限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的需要使用任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。性原則）2 .當(dāng)主句是一

7、般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語(yǔ)從句必須運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某一種時(shí)態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相互一致。（呼應(yīng)性原則）3 .當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的是客觀存在的事實(shí)或者是客觀存在的真理時(shí)，就不用受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。（特殊性原則）一、三類詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句：（從屬連詞that疑問(wèn)詞：8個(gè)“W”，1個(gè)“H”從屬連詞whether/if二、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序三、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)1. Idon'tknowhewillcometomorrow.hecomes,I'lltellyouA.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2. Idon'tkno

8、wthedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome3. Couldyoutellmethenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where4. Couldyoutellmetheradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended5. Iwanttoknow.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooki

9、ngC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter6. Doyouknowwherenow?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive7. Doyouknowwhattime?A. thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves8.Idon'tknow.Canyoutellme,please?B. howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC. thetwoplayersar

10、ehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare9. Thesmallchildrendon'tknow.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings10. Ican'tunderstand.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans11. 按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型。1. DoesMr.Brown

11、enjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?（改寫(xiě)句子）fCouldyoutellusMr.BrownlivinginChina?2. "Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”heaskedme.（變?yōu)閺?fù)合句），Heaskedmethegirlsomehelp.3. Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.（合并為一個(gè)句子）JimTomisastudent.4. Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.（改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句）Iwanttoknowthetrain.5. They

12、wenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.（用not.until改寫(xiě)）Theygohometheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.6. DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.（改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句）LiLeiwantstoknowPeterhereyesterday.賓語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練參考答案：I. 15DDDCD610ADDBDII. 1.if/whether;enjoys2.if/whether;needed3.Neither;nor4.when;leaves5. didn'

13、t;until6.whether;came一、英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)試卷1 .閱讀理解Iwascute,activeandhappyuntilthatdaywhenIwas15monthsold.Ihadabadfall.Ilandedonaglassrabbitandcutoneofmyeyesbadlyenoughtoblindme.Thedoctorsaidthatiftheeyewastakenout,myfacewouldlookworse,somyscaredandblindeyelivesonwithme.Peopleoftenaskmeuncomfortablequestions

14、aboutmyeyeorevenplayjokesonme.Whenthekidsplayedgames,Iwasalwaysthe"badguy".Everyonelookeddownonme.YeteverytimemomnoticedIwasunhappy,shewouldsaytome,"Holdyourheaduphighandfacetheworld."Ithelpedmemoveoninlife.Asachild,Ithoughtmommeant:"Becarefuloryouwillfalldownorknockintosome

15、thingbecauseyouarenotlooking."Asateenager,Ialwayslookeddowntohidemyshame,butIfoundthatpeoplelikedmewhenIheldmyheaduphigh.InhighschoolIwasevenmademonitor,butoutsideIstillfeltlikeafreak（怪物）.AllIreallywantedwastolooklikeeveryoneelse.Whenthingsgotreallybad,Iwouldcrytomymomandshewouldlookatmewithlov

16、ingeyesandsay,"Holdyourheaduphighandfacetheworld.Letthemseethelovethatisinside."Mom'slovegavemeconfidence.FinallyIwasabletolookpeopleintheeye.Ilearnednotonlytoappreciate（欣賞）myselfbutalsotohavedeeploveforothers.（1） Whathappenedtothewriterwhenshewas15monthsold?A.Shewasblindinbotheyes.B.S

17、hetriedtocatcharabbitandbrokeherleg.C.Shehadaneyediseaseandwenttoseethedoctor.D.Shefelldownonsomeglassandinjuredoneeye.（2） Peopleweretothewriterwhenshewasyoung.A.unfriendlyB.patientC.helpfulD.polite（3） WhichofthefollowingaboutthewriterisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Shecouldunderstandhermother'swo

18、rdswhenshewasachild.B.Shealwaysheldherheaduphighwhenshewasateenager.C.Shewasconfidentbothinclassandoutsideofhighschool.D.Hermomgaveherconfidenceandfinallyshecouldlookotherpeopleintheeye.（4） Inthepassage,thewriterwantstotellusweshould.A.repayourparents'loveB.learntoacceptandappreciateourselvesC.f

19、eelsorryaboutourdisadvantagesD.alwayshavedeeploveforothers【答案】(1)DA(3) D(4) B【解析】【分析】主要講了作者失明后，媽媽一直鼓勵(lì)自己要抬起頭面對(duì)世界，這給作者很大的自信，媽媽的愛(ài)讓作者知道不僅要欣賞自己，而且也要深愛(ài)別人。(1)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)whenIwas15monthsold.Ihadabadfall.Ilandedonaglassrabbitandcutoneofmyeyesbadlyenoughtoblindme.可知作者15個(gè)月大時(shí)，作者跌倒在玻璃上，以至于眼睛失明了，故選D。(2)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Peopleoft

20、enaskmeuncomfortablequestionsaboutmyeyeorevenplayjokesonme可知人們問(wèn)作者眼睛的問(wèn)題，并且嘲笑作者，可知人們對(duì)作者是不友好的，故選Ao(3)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Mom'slovegavemeconfidence.FinallyIwasabletolookpeopleintheeye.可知媽媽的愛(ài)給了作者信心，并且能用眼睛看人，故選Do(4)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Ilearnednotonlytoappreciate(欣賞)myselfbutalsotohavedeeploveforothers.可知我們應(yīng)該欣賞并且接受自己，故選Bo【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀

21、理解，主要考查細(xì)節(jié)題，注意從文中仔細(xì)尋找答案。2.閱讀理解WhenIwasten,mymotherworkedalldaysoIhadtotakecareofmyyoungerbrother.Atthattimemylittlebrotherwasaboutfouryearsoldandhemissedmumallthetime.Oneday,afterIhadgivenhimhisdinner,hestartedcryingformum.Hewassoyoungandreallyneededmum.SoIdressedhim,putonhisshoes,carriedhimonmybacka

22、ndwalkedout.Soonhefellasleep.Abouthalfanhourlater,Ifoundthathehadlostashoewhilesleeping.Itookhimoffmybackandputhimdown.Iknewweneededtofindthatshoe,forourmothercouldn'taffordnewshoes.Wehadtogobacktofindit,soItoldmybrothertowaitrightthere.AmanhearditandstoppedmejustbeforeIwalkedoff.Heaskedme,"

23、;Youareleavingyourbrotherheretofindtheshoe?Whatwouldyoudoifheisnotherewhenyoureturn?"Ididnotknowhowtoanswerthatquestion.Hecontinued,"It'sOKifyoucan'tfindtheshoe,butitisnotOKtoloseyourbrother."Thenhesentustomum'sworkplacebytaxi.Ihavedependedon(依靠)thekindnessofmanystrangersi

24、nmywholelife,IfeelregretfulthatIcan'tfindthemandsaythankyou.Idonotevenrememberwhattheman'sfacelookedlike,buthetaughtmealessonpeoplearemoreimportantthanthings.(1) Whydidtheyoungerbrothercryforhismother?A.Becausehewashungry.B.Becausehemissedhismother.C.Becausehewantedtosleep.D.Becausehewantedt

25、oplayoutside.(2) Whatdoestheunderlinedword"regretful"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Sorry.B.Excited.C.Happy.D.Angry.(3) Whatdidthemanmeanbysaying"It'sOKifyoucan'tfindtheshoe,butit'snotOKtoloseyourbrother"?A.Peoplearemoreimportantthanthings.B.Thingsaremoreimportantthanpeople

26、.C.Boththeshoeandyourbrotherareimportant.D.Theshoeismoreimportantthanyourbrother.【答案】(1)BA(3)A【解析】【分析】主要講了作者的媽媽整天工作，所以作者照顧弟弟，一天弟弟哭著找媽媽，作者背著弟弟出去了，結(jié)果把鞋子掉了，作者想丟下弟弟找鞋子，一位好心人告訴作者不要把弟弟獨(dú)自丟下，并且?guī)麄內(nèi)フ覌寢?，這讓作者明白了人比東西更重要。(1)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)hestartedcryingformum.Hewassoyoungandreallyneededmum.可知弟弟哭的原因是他想找媽媽了，故選Bo(2)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)I

27、can'tfindthemandsaythankyou.可知作者沒(méi)有找到幫助作者的那些好心人，并且也沒(méi)有說(shuō)謝謝，所以作者是內(nèi)疚的，故選Ao(3)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)后文hetaughtmealessonpeoplearemoreimportantthanthings.可知作者明白了人比東西更重要的道理，故選Ao【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，主要考查細(xì)節(jié)題，注意從文中仔細(xì)尋找答案。3.閱讀下列短文，從下面每小題的A、日C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。CIntheoldtimes,therewasaking.Hehadaverybeautifulgarden.Inthegarden,therewasatre

28、ewithgoldenapplesonit.Butoneday,oneoftheappleswasmissing.Thekingdecidedtoorderapersontokeepwatchingthetreeatnight.Thekinghadthreesons.Hedecidedtosendtheeldestonetowatchthetree.Butinthemiddleofthenight,theeldestsonfellasleep.Thenextmorning,anotherapplewasmissing.Thesecondnight,thekingsentthesecondeld

29、estson.Butthesecondeldestsonalsofellasleepatmidnight.Andanotherapplewasmissingthenextmorning.Thethirdnight,thekingsenthisyoungestson.Theyoungestsonkeptwatchingthetree.Attwelveo'clock,hesawabird.Itwasagoldenbird.Itpickedanappleandflewaway,butitleftagoldenfeather.Theyoungestsonpickeditup,andthenex

30、tmorning,hetookittotheking.Hetoldhisfatherwhathehadseenatnight.Hearingthis,thekingwasveryhappy.Heorderedhisyoungestsontoguardthetreeeverynight.Hewantedhimtocatchthebird.However,intheend,theycouldn'tcatchthebirdandallthegoldenapplesonthetreeweretakenawaybythegoldenbird.(1) Beforethethirdnight,how

31、manyappleshavebeenmissing?A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four(2) WhatcanweknowfromParagraph4?A. Itwasabirdthatstoletheapples.B. Theyoungestsonfellasleepattwelveo'clock.C. Theyoungestsontriedtocatchthegoldenbirdbutfailed.D. Thekingaskedtheyoungestsontobringthegoldenfeathertohim.33)Whatdoesthelastparagraphmai

32、nlytalkabout?A. Thekingwasveryangrywiththebird.B. Theyoungestsonwasverybusyeverynight.C. Thekingwantedhisyoungestsontocatchthebird.D. Theyoungestsondidn'tcatchthebirdandlostalloftheapples.(4) What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A. Don'tbelazywhenyouareworking.B. Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.C

33、. Don'tgiveupthewholeforestbecauseofonetree.D. Abadbeginningmaycauseabadending.【答案】(1)CA(3) D(4) C【解析】【分析】短文大意：國(guó)王發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的金蘋(píng)果樹(shù)丟了個(gè)金蘋(píng)果，于是派出了自己的三個(gè)兒子去看守,前兩晚因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)兒子半夜睡著了，兩個(gè)蘋(píng)果丟了，第三晚，最小的兒子發(fā)現(xiàn)了是一只金鳥(niǎo)偷了一個(gè)蘋(píng)果，但是也留下了一根金色的羽毛，國(guó)王獲知后，他想抓住這只鳥(niǎo)，但結(jié)果是所有的蘋(píng)果都被鳥(niǎo)兒帶走了。(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三晚前總共丟失了三個(gè)蘋(píng)果，故選Co(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從Itwasagoldenbird.Itpick

34、edanappleandflewaway可知蘋(píng)果是金色的鳥(niǎo)兒偷走的,故選A。(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從intheend,theycouldn'tcatchthebirdandallthegoldenapplesonthetreeweretakenawaybythegoldenbird.可知選D。(4)主旨概括題。國(guó)王因?yàn)橄胍鹕B(niǎo)兒而丟失了樹(shù)上的所有蘋(píng)果，得不嘗試。故C不要因?yàn)橐豢脴?shù)而放棄整個(gè)森林”。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查對(duì)篇章的把握和對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的識(shí)別能力，答題時(shí)注意緊扣問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞，在文章中尋找答案。4.閱讀理解Childrenlovetoplayandlaughthroughouttheirdays

35、atschoolorathome.Findingthetimetolaughwithyourchildrenmaybethebestthingyoucandofortherelationship.Encourageyourchildrentodevelopagoodhumorbylaughingatthejokestheymakeuponthespot.Thiswillhelpthemgrowconfidentandbuildtheirself-esteem.Ifyoudonotgetthejoke,youcanaskwhytheythinkthejokeisfunny.Honestfeedb

36、ackwillhelpyourchildrendevelopfunnierjokes.Youcantakethemtoyourlocallibraryandhavethempickupafewjokebooks.Thenyoucanheadbackhomeorouttotheparkandreadittogetherforagoodlaugh.Youcantaketurnsreadingjokestoeachotherfromthebookormakeupafewyourselves.Butiftheymakeajokeattheexpenseofanotherperson,youmaywan

37、ttodiscussthedifferencebetweenmakingfunofyourselfandmakingfunofothers.Inturn,trynottomakejokesatyourchildren'sexpense,youneedtosetanexamplethattheycanfollow.Learningtolaughatoneselfisagreatqualitytoattain.Youcansetanexamplebylaughingatyourownmistakes.Thisisagreatwaytohelpreduceyourownstressaswel

38、lasyourchildren's.Laughingmaymakethesituationseemlighterandeasiertoworkthrough.Bydoingthis,yourchildrenwillbebetterpreparedtohandleanydifficulties.Mostimportantly,laughingwillbringyouclosertogetherasafamily.Youcanhaveyourfamilyfinddifferentwaystolaugh.Youcanplaygames.Youcanstartastaringcontest,a

39、rmwrestlingcontest,thumbwarscontestandhaveaprizeforthewinners.Youcanallwatchyourbestfunnymoviesandactoutthebestpartstogetherafterthemoviesareover.Youcouldholdacontesttoseewhocanmaketheothermembersofthefamilylaughmorebydoingsomethingfunny.Kidswillbeabletoenjoythegoodtimetheyhadwiththeirparents.Thefam

40、ilythatlaughstogetherstaystogether!(1) Ifyouoftenplayandlaughwithyourchildren,youcan.A.developagoodhumorB.becomeproudandconfidentC.makeupsomefunnyjokesD.getalongwellwitheachother(2) Theunderlinedword"them"refersto.A.funnyjokesB.interestingbooksC.yourchildrenD.thefamily(3) Wecaninferthatwhe

41、nyourchildrenmakemistakesyoushould.A.teachthemtolaughatthemistakesB.blamethemseriouslyC.punishthematonceD.tellthemtodobetterinfuture(4) TheauthoradvisesinPara.4thatpeoplemaketheirfamilymemberslaughby.A.havingapartyB.havingsomekindsofcontestsC.doingsomehouseworkD.readingjokebooks(5) Whatcanbethebestt

42、itleforthetext?A.TheMoreYoulaugh,theBetterYouB.LaUdpengEveryDayIsSimpleC.HowtoLaughinEverydayLifeD.LaughterIsGoodforYourFamily【答案】(1)DC(3) A(4) B(5) D【解析】readingjokebooksdoingsomehouseworkdoingsomehousework【分析】文章從幾個(gè)方面講述了經(jīng)常大笑對(duì)孩子的成長(zhǎng)對(duì)家庭關(guān)系有極大的好處。(1) 第一段laughwithyourchildrenmaybethebestthingyoucandoforth

43、erelationship。陪孩子笑是你所能做的最好的事情去建立和孩子的友好關(guān)系，有利于相處。故選D(2)前一句helpyourchildren所以them指代children意為帶孩子去圖書(shū)館。故選C(3) helpthemgrowconfident幫助孩子們建立信心。B為責(zé)備孩子C為催促孩子D為讓孩子以后做的更好。這三項(xiàng)都不能達(dá)到幫孩子樹(shù)立信心的效果，故選A(4) 文中提至Uyoucouldholdacontest.havingaparty.doingsomehousework,readingjokebooks其余三項(xiàng)未提到，故選B(5)本文通篇在講經(jīng)常大笑對(duì)孩子，對(duì)家庭的好處，并提出建議

44、和方法，A你笑的越多，變得更好，B,每天都大笑很簡(jiǎn)單，C怎樣每天都笑。這三項(xiàng)不符合文章內(nèi)容，故選D【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查對(duì)篇章的把握和對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的識(shí)別能力，答題時(shí)注意緊扣問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞，在文章中尋找答案。5.閱讀下面短文，從下面每小題的A、BC、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Nancy'shobbyiscollectingsharpeners（卷筆刀）.Shespendsalotoftimeonitafterschool.Shehasbeencollectingmorethanonehundredsharpeners.Theyarealldifferentincolourandsize.Nancylikessharpenerswithanimalsonthem.Inthisway,shelearnsthenamesofmanyanimals.Shealsoborrowsbooksonanimalsfromherschoollibrary.Shelearnsalotaboutthemfrombooks.火柴盒)orSometimesNancyhasmanysharpenersofthesamekind.Shegivesthemtoherfriends.Thentheygiveherotherdifferentsha