牛津高中英語模塊四unit1 -Grammar and usage

1、Grammar and UsageDirect speech and reported speech直接引語和間接引語直接引語和間接引語 直接引用別人的話叫直接引語，用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句；直接引語前后加引號(hào)，間接引語不必加。 直接引語：She said, “My brothers name is Tom.”He asked me, “Where do you live?” 間接引語：She said that her brothers name was Tom.He asked me where I lived.直接引語和間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換直接引語和間

2、接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換 在直接引語向間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換的過程中，不在直接引語向間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換的過程中，不僅要進(jìn)行句式上的轉(zhuǎn)換，而且常常要在僅要進(jìn)行句式上的轉(zhuǎn)換，而且常常要在時(shí)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人稱間、地點(diǎn)、人稱等方面做相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換。等方面做相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換。1 1、如何變?nèi)朔Q：、如何變?nèi)朔Q： 口訣：一隨主口訣：一隨主, ,二隨賓，第三人稱不更新二隨賓，第三人稱不更新1. Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogo shoppingwithme.”1. Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogo shoppingwithme.”Shesaid _ brother wantedtogo shoppingwit

3、h _Shesaid _ brother wantedtogo shoppingwith _2. She said to me , “ You play basketball better than me.”2. She said to me , “ You play basketball better than me.” She told me that _ played basketball better than _. She told me that _ played basketball better than _.3. He said, “She will come to have

4、 a long holiday with us.”3. He said, “She will come to have a long holiday with us.”He saidthat _would come to have a long holiday He saidthat _would come to have a long holiday with _.with _.herherherher Iherhersheshethemthem2. 若主句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)要調(diào)整時(shí)態(tài)。如下表：直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)

5、在時(shí)過去時(shí)過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去時(shí)過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)不變不變將來時(shí)將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)過去將來進(jìn)行過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)將來完成時(shí)將來完成時(shí)過去將來完成過去將來完成時(shí)時(shí)1. 1.He said, “He said, “ImIm a policeman.” a policeman.”He said that He said that he washe was a policeman. a policeman.2. He said, “2. He said, “ImIm playin

6、g football now.” playing football now.”He said that He said that he washe was playing football then. playing football then.3. He said, “3. He said, “I haveI have done my homework.” done my homework.”He said that He said that he hadhe had done his homework. done his homework.4. He said, “4. He said,

7、“I sawI saw a film yesterday.” a film yesterday.”He said that He said that he had seenhe had seen a film the day before. a film the day before.5. He said, “5. He said, “I had learnedI had learned 3,000 English words by 3,000 English words by the end of last term.the end of last term.He said that He

8、said that he had learnedhe had learned 3,000 English 3,000 English words by the end of the term before.words by the end of the term before. 注意：以下幾種情況時(shí)態(tài)注意：以下幾種情況時(shí)態(tài) 不變不變直接引語是客觀真理。直接引語是客觀真理。 TheteacherTheteacher saidsaid Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”Theteachersaidthattheearthmo

9、vesaroundTheteachersaidthattheearthmovesaround thesunearth. thesunearth.直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語， 變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：如： Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。 Jacksaid.“I was doing cooking when Tom came to see me

10、”Jacksaid.“I was doing cooking when Tom came to see me”Jacksaid he was doing coking when Tom came to see him.Jacksaid he was doing coking when Tom came to see him.Jack saidhewasbornonApril21,1980.Jack saidhewasbornonApril21,1980.3. 指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語和動(dòng)詞也要做調(diào)整。如下表：直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語指示代詞thisthesethatthose時(shí)間狀語nowt

11、odaytonightthenthat daythat nightthis weeklast weekyesterdayfive days agotomorrownext weekthat weekthe week beforethe day beforefive days beforethe next daythe next week地點(diǎn)狀語herethere動(dòng)詞comegoEx: Page 9(1) was (1) was (2) would be (2) would be (3) had read (3) had read(4)that (4)that (5)would (5)would

12、 (6) had bought (6) had bought(7) that (7) that (8) would (8) would (9) those (9) those(10) her(10) her4. 若直接引語為一般疑問句，改為間接引語時(shí)要用陳述句語序，而且要加連詞if或whether。如： She asked her mother, “Can I go shopping with She asked her mother, “Can I go shopping with you?”you?”She asked her mother if/whether she could go

13、She asked her mother if/whether she could go shopping with her.shopping with her. He asked me, “Will you have a test on Thursday?”He asked me, “Will you have a test on Thursday?”He asked me if/whether I would have a test on He asked me if/whether I would have a test on Thursday.Thursday.5. 若直接引語為特殊疑

14、問句，間接引語就要使用特殊疑問詞，而且要用陳述句語序。如： “How much money do you spend on books?” How much money do you spend on books?” he asked me.he asked me.He asked me how much money I spent on He asked me how much money I spent on books.books. “What is your uncle?” he asked me.“What is your uncle?” he asked me.He asked m

15、e what my uncle was.He asked me what my uncle was.6. 當(dāng)直接引語為祈使句時(shí)，間接引語要改為當(dāng)直接引語為祈使句時(shí)，間接引語要改為tell (ask, order, advise,encourage,warn) sb. (not) to do sth. 的句型的句型。直接引語如果是以直接引語如果是以“Lets”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，通常用通常用“suggest +動(dòng)名詞（或從句）動(dòng)名詞（或從句）”1. The police man said to the children, “Dont play 1. The

16、 police man said to the children, “Dont play football in the street.”football in the street.”The policeman told the children not to play The policeman told the children not to play football in the street.football in the street.2. My mother said to me, “Please come and help 2. My mother said to me, “

17、Please come and help me.”me.”My mother asked me to go and help her.My mother asked me to go and help her.3. Hesaid,Letsgotothemovies.3. Hesaid,Letsgotothemovies. Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies./ Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies./ Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies.Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethem

18、ovies.Key to Exercise A2. asked how it could help him remember English words. 3. Asked whether/if it taught listening and speaking.4. asked what the designer would do if she was not satisfied with the software.5. asked whether/if it was easy to use. Key to Exercise B2. The expert encourages us to us

19、e interesting and attractive photos.3. The expert recommends that we (should) use eye-catching logos.4. The expert suggests that we (should) make the slogans short and easy to remember.5. The expert tells us to make good use of colors to attract peoples attention.把下列句子改為間接引語把下列句子改為間接引語1. “I dont thi

20、nk I will be able to finish it in time,” Mike said.2. “Its the most interesting film Ive ever seen,” he told his friend.Mike said that he didnt think he would be able to finish it in time.He told his friend that it was the most interesting film he had ever seen.3. The doctor said, “The man has hurt his leg rather badly.”4. My mother said, “Have your bad tooth been pulled out?”5. “How will you go to the park?” Brown said to his younger brother.The doctor said that the man had hurt his leg rather badly.My mother aske