2017初中英語代詞講解

1、人稱代詞人稱代詞物主代詞物主代詞反身代詞反身代詞指示代詞指示代詞相互代詞相互代詞疑問代詞疑問代詞不定代詞不定代詞一一.概念概念二、分類二、分類: 按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：主格主格I, you, she, he, it, we, you, they, 賓格賓格 me, you, her, him, it, us, you, themadj性性 my, your, her, his, its, our, your, their, n性性 mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, yours, theirs myself, yo

2、urself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneselfthis, that, these, those, each other, one another who, whom, which, whose, what代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。用來代替上文中提到過代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。用來代替上文中提到過的人或物。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。的人或物。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。some, any, many , much, each , every,something 等 注意： He

3、 teaches us P.E. 教某人教某人 用賓格用賓格1.人稱代詞人稱代詞主格主格:I, you, she, he, it, we, you, they, 賓格賓格: me, you, her, him, it, us, you, them1).用作主語時用主格，用作賓語、表語時用賓格。用作主語時用主格，用作賓語、表語時用賓格。 在省略謂語的句子中在省略謂語的句子中, 用作主語的人稱代詞常用賓格用作主語的人稱代詞常用賓格The Kings are music-lovers. They often go to the concert.Nancy is a P.E teacher. Ive

4、known her for years.A: Does any one know Susans e-mail address? / Who is on duty today? / Who has been to Japan?B: Me. 在用在用 than、as表示比較的句子中用主格表示比較的句子中用主格,賓格都可以賓格都可以 He is taller than me /I . I can run as fast as he/him. 2)兩個以上的人稱代詞并列時兩個以上的人稱代詞并列時,其次序排列原則其次序排列原則: 二二+名詞名詞 +三三+一人稱一人稱. “我我”總是放在最后總是放在最后,

5、 在并列主語中在并列主語中,排列順序排列順序為為: you, she/he and I, 并列賓格并列賓格: you, her/ him and me, You, she and I have a chance to go to the USA. Mr. Li asked you, Tom and me to clean the windows. it 的用法的用法:1).代替上文中提到的動物、無生命的或抽象的事物代替上文中提到的動物、無生命的或抽象的事物2) 表示性別不明顯的嬰兒表示性別不明顯的嬰兒3)指代錄像、照片以及心中所想的人指代錄像、照片以及心中所想的人,或只聞其聲未見或只聞其聲未見

6、 其人的其人的, 非活生生的具體真人。非活生生的具體真人。4)指代天氣、時間、距離指代天氣、時間、距離 A: Whos the man beside you in the photo?B: Its my cousin Henry.A: Someone is knocking at the door, Who can it be?B: its Mike. I warned him not to smoke, but it didnt help.Look at the baby, its so cute/lovely.It is Wednesday today. It never rains bu

7、t it pours !It is ten minutes walk from my house to the park.It is fifteen years since he came to Shanghai.6)在一些慣用結(jié)構(gòu)中作形式主語或形式賓語在一些慣用結(jié)構(gòu)中作形式主語或形式賓語It is important for us to learn English well. It is kind/nice of you to help me with my math.I find/think it useful to read English every day. make it （口語）

8、獲得成功; take it easy 從容，不著急 It takes me ten minutes to go to school on foot.2.物主代詞物主代詞形容詞性形容詞性: my, your, her, his, its, our, your, their, 名詞性名詞性 : mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, yours, theirs adj 物主代詞屬于限定詞物主代詞屬于限定詞, 后面必須有后面必須有n, 只能作定語。只能作定語。 n 性物主代詞在用法上相當于性物主代詞在用法上相當于 “adj 詞性物主代詞詞性物主代詞+n” 既有表示既有表

9、示所屬所屬的作用又有的作用又有指代指代作用，作用， This isnt _(she) pen. _(she) looks newer and cleaner.主語I lost _(I ) bike, Can I use _(you).賓語Look for _(you) keys in your bag, not in _(I).herShemyyoursyourmine含有物主代詞的詞組含有物主代詞的詞組 on ones own=by oneself 獨立地，獨自地try / do ones best to do sth竭盡全力做某事lose ones way. 迷路in ones forti

10、es/ fifties 在某人40 / 50來歲的時候do ones homework 做作業(yè)；in ones free/ spare time 在某人的閑暇時光to ones surprise/disappointment令某人驚訝/失望的是1).作動詞的賓語作動詞的賓語 Behave yourselves, children !We enjoyed ourselves =had a good time last night.Please help yourself to some fish, Lora. 2).作介詞的賓語作介詞的賓語Shes very angry with herself

11、 for her carelessness. 3). 作同位語，起強調(diào)作用作同位語，起強調(diào)作用The book itself is good, but it isnt suitable for you.The boy himself is not bad although he is naughty. 3.反身代詞反身代詞myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneselfenjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得開心teach oneself sth

12、 =learn sth by oneself 自學buy oneself sth=buy sth for oneself 為自己買hurt oneself 弄傷自己; dress oneself (up) 穿衣(打扮) Help yourself to some隨便吃/ 喝點.(說話對像一人）Help yourselves to some (說話對像兩個及以上）make oneself understood 讓別人明白/理解自己by oneself =on ones own 獨自地;獨立地 一些常見的包含反身代詞的詞組一些常見的包含反身代詞的詞組131. Those girls enjoyed

13、 _ in the party last night. A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself 2. Help _ to some fish, children. A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves3. The film _ is very fun. A. its B. itself C. it D. its 4. Who teaches _ math? I teach _. A. your, myself B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself 5. The

14、 father will make _ a bike _. A. her, himself B. she, himself C. her, herself D. she, herself CDBBA146. The scarf is _, she made it_. A. herself, her B. herself, hers C. hers, herself D. her, herself 7. Liu Hulans death was great. She thought more of others than _. A. her B. she C. hers D. herself 8

15、. Luckily, he didnt hurt _ terribly yesterday. A. him B. themselves C. himself D. they 9. I cant mend my shoe _. Can you mend it for ? A. myself, me B. myself, I C. me, I D. I, me10. I like watching in the mirror. A. me B. I C. my D. myself 指示代詞的句法功能指示代詞的句法功能: 作主語、賓語、介詞賓語作主語、賓語、介詞賓語: 4.指示代詞指示代詞:this

16、 , these 一般指時間或空間上較近的人或物；一般指時間或空間上較近的人或物；that, those 常指時間或空間較遠的人或物。常指時間或空間較遠的人或物。1 This is the best way to do learn English. 2 I like this better than that.3 I dont want to talk about that.4.that 常用在形容詞比較級中，代替前面提到的不可數(shù)常用在形容詞比較級中，代替前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞，單數(shù)名詞名詞，單數(shù)名詞 ；復數(shù)用；復數(shù)用those(復數(shù)復數(shù)n); The traffic on Humin Road

17、 is heavier than that on Guilin R. The weather in Beijing is drier than that in Shanghai.The book on the desk is as new as the one / that on the shelf.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox. 3.打電話時打電話時“你你” “我我” 不用不用“you” “I ” 而要用而要用 that, this, A: Who is that? B: This is Lily speaking.

18、指示代詞還可作限定詞指示代詞還可作限定詞:That boy is Bob. These trees are ours. this morning / afternoon /evening / week / month / Wednesday / autumn / year / term this time, this way17 （ ） 1.The weather in Beijing is much colder than_in Chongqing. A. this B. that C. these D. those （ ）2. _ pen is red. _ pencil is green

19、. A. this, that B. These, Those C. That, Those D. This, That（ ）3. Is _ a panda over there? A. this B. that C. those D. these（ ）4. _ two girls are Mary and Linda. A. This B. They C. That D. Those（ ）5. _is Mr. White and _ is my father.A. This, those B. That, these C. These, these D. This, thisBDBDD18T

20、he end5.相互代詞相互代詞each other, one another each other指兩個人指兩個人/物之間物之間, one another指多個之間指多個之間, 但但 each other 常用來代替常用來代替 one another相互代詞只能作動詞和介詞的賓語相互代詞只能作動詞和介詞的賓語 相互代詞可加相互代詞可加-s構(gòu)成所有格，例如：構(gòu)成所有格，例如：People should care about and help each other /one another.Trees can communicate with each other. Ann and Jane o

21、ften share snacks with each other Although theyve talked for five hours, they dont know each others names. *7.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞是用來引導定語從句的代詞，包括是用來引導定語從句的代詞，包括 who, whom, which, whose, that, .用于指人用于指人 : who whom, that ; 用于指物用于指物 : which和that , whose 既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物; 主要有：主要有：由some, any, no和every構(gòu)成合成代詞，somethin

22、g, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, =someone, anybody-anyone, nobody=no one, everybody=everyone, 還有all, none any, each, every one, both, either, neither, one, ones, a few, few, many, a little, little, much, another, the other, others, the others, some, any, no等。8、不定代詞、不定代詞不定代詞具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì)，并有可

23、數(shù)和不可不定代詞具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì)，并有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、同位語、數(shù)之分，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、同位語、定語、狀語等（定語、狀語等（every、no只能作定語只能作定語） 不定代詞不定代詞some, anymany, mucheach, every及練習及練習none, no one及練習及練習few, a few; little, a little練習練習either of, neither of, both ofboth.and, neither.nor, eitheror代詞練習代詞練習1-56-1011-1516-20some 與與 any 1

24、.some肯定句中肯定句中,“一些一些”、“某個某個” ,可修飾可數(shù)名詞或可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞。疑問句時疑問句時,表示建議、請求或希望得到肯定表示建議、請求或希望得到肯定回答?；卮?。I have some work to do today. They will go there some day.Would you like some coffee with sugar?May I ask you some questions?Could I have some milk?Do you want some juice? 2. any 用于疑問或否定句中用于疑問或否定句中, 當

25、變否定和疑問句當變否定和疑問句時，當時，當some改成改成any如：如：He had some friends here.He didnt have any friends here. (他們在這里沒有朋友他們在這里沒有朋友) 當any用于肯定句中，意思是“任何一個”, 后跟單數(shù)名詞 I like any student here. Jane is taller than any other girl. many與與much many意思是意思是“很多很多”,與可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)連用；與可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)連用； much意思是意思是“很多很多”,與不可數(shù)名詞連用。與不可數(shù)名詞連用。 I dont have

26、 many friends here. We have much time. a few, a little, few, littlea few, a little, few, little表示肯定，表示肯定，“有有幾個，有點幾個，有點”表示否定，表示否定，“沒多少，很沒多少，很少少”后加名詞后加名詞a fewfew可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞a littlelittle不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞a little, much 還能修飾形容詞比較級1.Although all the girls have tried their best , only _ pass the exam. A. few B. a f

27、ew C. a little2. Dont worry .There is _ time left . A. little B. a little C. few3. You are so great! _ people in the school can do it . A. A little B. Little C. Few(單擊顯示答案單擊顯示答案)each (1.常與常與of連用連用;2.后跟名后跟名詞同詞同every用法一樣用法一樣;3單獨用單獨用)every常加名詞常加名詞every day兩兩者或以上的每一個人或物者或以上的每一個人或物三三者或以上每一個人或物者或以上每一個人或物

28、every other 每隔每隔Eg: every other day 每隔一天每隔一天 = every two days(每兩天）每兩天） I gave them _ an apple. A. every B. each C. each of There is a line of trees on _ side of the street. Aevery Beach Cboth She goes shopping _ five days. A. every B. each C. each of 他隔天來這里。他隔天來這里。 He came here _ day.every othereach

29、, everyeach, everyeither of either of 兩者兩者之一之一+ +限定詞限定詞+ + 復數(shù)名詞復數(shù)名詞 them / usthem / us謂單謂單neither of neither of 兩者兩者都不都不謂單謂單both of both of 兩者兩者都都謂復謂復 _ of the girls _ him. They asked him for name card. A. Neither; know B. Either; know C. Neither; knows Both of his parents _ teachers. A. is B. are C

30、. was Both of his brothers _ in this hospital, but neither of them _ a doctor. A. works; is B. work; is C. work; areeither of, neither ofeither of, neither of與與both ofboth of(單擊顯示答案單擊顯示答案)bothand（謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式）（謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式） eitheror/neithernor(謂語動詞遵循就近原則謂語動詞遵循就近原則) Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two. Tom

31、和和 Lucy 都在二年級。都在二年級。 Either my father or my mother cooks at home. 或者我爸爸或者我媽媽在家燒飯?；蛘呶野职只蛘呶覌寢屧诩覠?。 Neither he nor I am free today. 我和他今天都沒空。我和他今天都沒空。 Either Tom or the twins _ the way to the shop. A. know B. knows C. finds Neither you nor I _ a scientist. A. is B. are C. am Both Tom and Mary _ hard. A

32、. studies B. study C. studyingeither or either or 或者或者或者或者就近原則就近原則neither nor neither nor 兩者兩者都不都不both and both and 兩者兩者都都復數(shù)謂語復數(shù)謂語eitheror eitheror neithernor neithernor bothandbothand(單擊顯示答案單擊顯示答案) The students are all from Foshan . They _ like their city . A. both B. all C. either Lucy and Lily _

33、agree with us. A. all B. both C. neither How are your parents ? They are _ fine. A. both B. all C. noeitheror eitheror neithernor neithernor bothandbothand(單擊顯示答案單擊顯示答案)none none 與與 no one no one noneno one沒有什么人沒有什么人 / 物物“沒有人沒有人” 只能指人只能指人回答回答 how many 問句問句回答回答who問句問句none of + 復數(shù)名詞復數(shù)名詞 / them 謂語用單數(shù)謂語

34、用單數(shù)回答回答what問句問句nothing How many people are there in the room? _ . A. None B. No one C. Lucy Who is in the room? _. A. None B. No one C. oneWhat is in the room? A. none B. nothing C. no one 34another泛指“又一個，再一個”所以后面 跟單數(shù)名詞。 例: another bus; another appleanother,后面如果用復數(shù)，結(jié)構(gòu)是 “another+數(shù)詞+名復”表示還要幾個。 = “數(shù)詞+m

35、ore +名復” 例： another five boys =five more boysanother用法：35the other有范圍，加名詞有范圍，加名詞the others 有范圍，不再加名詞有范圍，不再加名詞other沒范圍，加名詞沒范圍，加名詞others沒范圍，不再加名詞沒范圍，不再加名詞the other; the others; other; others 用法I have some pencils , one is black, and the others/the other pencils are red.(有范圍)we should learn from others

36、/other people. (無范圍)36one; the other用法 當總數(shù)是兩個時，表示”一個.; 另一個.”.例: the old woman has two sons , one is a doctor, the other is a teacher.復合不定代詞的用法復合不定代詞的用法somebody 某人某人someone 某人某人something 某物，某事某物，某事anybody 任何人任何人anyone 任何人任何人Anything 任何事物任何事物nobody 沒有人沒有人no one 沒有人沒有人nothing 沒有東西沒有東西Everybody 每人每人Ever

37、yone 每人每人Everything 一切一切含-body的復合不定代詞與含-one的復合不定代詞在功能和意義上完全相同，可以互換。只是用-body時顯得較通俗些，多用于口語中，用-one時顯得較文雅些，更常見于正式場合及書面語中。不定代詞不定代詞some, any, no, every與與-one, -body, -thing構(gòu)成復合代詞。我們稱之為復合不定代詞。我們稱之為復合不定代詞。1、something，someone，somebody通常通常用于用于肯定句肯定句中，中， 而而anything，anyone，anybody一般用于一般用于否定句否定句，疑問句疑問句或或條件狀語從句條件

38、狀語從句中。中。如：如： He found something strange but interesting.他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些奇怪但卻有趣的事他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些奇怪但卻有趣的事情。情。Do you have anything to say ？你有話要說？你有話要說嗎？嗎？I cant meet anybody on the island. 在島上，在島上，我沒遇見任何人。我沒遇見任何人。2、在表示請求、邀請、提建議等帶有委婉語氣、在表示請求、邀請、提建議等帶有委婉語氣的疑問句，和希望得到對方肯定答復的疑問句，的疑問句，和希望得到對方肯定答復的疑問句，以及表示反問的問句中，也用以及表示反問的問句中，也用

39、something，someone，somebody等復合不定代詞。等復合不定代詞。如如:Would you like something to eat？要些吃？要些吃的東西嗎？的東西嗎？3、當、當anything表示表示“任何事（物），無論何事任何事（物），無論何事（物）（物）”，anyone，anybody表示表示“無論誰，無論誰，任何人任何人”等意義時，它們也可以用于肯定句中。等意義時，它們也可以用于肯定句中。如：如：Anything is OK. 什么都行。什么都行。Anyone is OK. 任何人都可以。任何人都可以。3. 3. 復合復合不定代詞不定代詞都具有單數(shù)的含義，因此通常被

40、看成是都具有單數(shù)的含義，因此通常被看成是單數(shù)單數(shù)第三人稱第三人稱。當它們充當句子的。當它們充當句子的主語主語時，其后的時，其后的謂語動詞用單數(shù)謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式形式。如：如：IsIs everyoneeveryone here today? here today? NothingNothing isis difficult if you put your heart into difficult if you put your heart into it.it.4.4.形容詞修飾這些復合不定代詞，必須放它們形容詞修飾這些復合不定代詞，必須放它們 后后面。面。如：如：Is there anyth

41、ing interesting on TV tonight? I have something important to tell you. 5.合與分的區(qū)別問題合與分的區(qū)別問題someone，anyone，everyone都只能指人，都只能指人，且不且不和介詞和介詞of連用連用；some one，any one，every one則既可指人又可指物，可與介詞則既可指人又可指物，可與介詞of連用。連用。例如：例如：Anyone should be polite to every one of them.任任何人都要禮貌對待他們中的每一個人。何人都要禮貌對待他們中的每一個人。-Which toy

42、 would you like? -Any one is OK. -你要那個玩你要那個玩復合不定代詞練習題：復合不定代詞練習題：選擇題：( ) 1. Im hungry. I want _ to eat. A. anythingB. something C. everything D. nothing( ) 2. Do you have _ to say for yourself? No, I have _ to say. A. something; everything B. nothing; something C. everything; anything D. anything; no

43、thing( ) 3. Why not ask _ to help you? A. everyoneB. someone C. anyoneD. none( ) 4. Everything _ ready. We can start now. A. areB. isC. beD. wereBDBB( ) 5. Theres _ with his eyes. Hes OK. A. anything wrong B. wrong something C. nothing wrongD. wrong nothing( ) 6. The story is so amazing! Its the mos

44、t interesting story Ive ever read. But Im afraid it wont be liked by _. A. everybodyB. somebody C. anybody D. nobody( ) 7. She listened carefully, but heard _. A. anyoneB. someone C. everyoneD. nothing( ) 8. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _. A. everythingB. anything C. som

45、ethingD. nothingcADC（ ）11. _ of us is active in English class. A. Every B. Every one C. Everyone D. Anybody（ ）12. The exam was difficult, wasnt it? No，but I dont think_ could pass it. A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybodyBD練習一：單項選擇練習一：單項選擇(單擊顯示答案單擊顯示答案)CBBCC1.1.Please send_ best wishes to Ma

46、ry.Please send_ best wishes to Mary. A. I B. me C. my D. mine A. I B. me C. my D. mine2. This is my book. _2. This is my book. _ _are over there._are over there. A. Your B. Yours C. You D. Mine A. Your B. Yours C. You D. Mine3. _ have a lot of homework to do.3. _ have a lot of homework to do. A. He,

47、 you and I B. You, he and I A. He, you and I B. You, he and I C. I, you and he D.I, he and you C. I, you and he D.I, he and you4. The man downstairs found _ very difficult to get 4. The man downstairs found _ very difficult to get to sleep.to sleep. A. that B. them C. it D. its A. that B. them C. it

48、 D. its5. -Hi, Jim. Is this your bike or Tom5. -Hi, Jim. Is this your bike or Toms?s? - It - Its mine, not_.s mine, not_. A. hers B. yours C. his D. him A. hers B. yours C. his D. him練習一：單項選擇練習一：單項選擇 (單擊顯示答案單擊顯示答案)6. Tom is here, and a friend of _ is here, too.6. Tom is here, and a friend of _ is he

49、re, too. A. his father B. his father A. his father B. his fathers s C. he C. hes father D. he fathers father D. he father7. Help _ to some fish, Jenny.7. Help _ to some fish, Jenny. A. yourselves B. yourself A. yourselves B. yourself C. himself D. herself C. himself D. herself8. The boys and girls s

50、eemed to enjoy_ in the park.8. The boys and girls seemed to enjoy_ in the park. A. themselves B. them C. they D. their A. themselves B. them C. they D. their9. - Is this model plane yours?9. - Is this model plane yours? - Yes, it - Yes, its mine. It is made by_.s mine. It is made by_. A. myself B. y

51、ourself C. himself D. herself A. myself B. yourself C. himself D. herself10.Mr. Green taught_ English in our school and taught_ 10.Mr. Green taught_ English in our school and taught_ French at home. French at home. A. us A. us / his B. him / us C. us / himself D. our / himself/ his B. him / us C. us / himself D. our / himselfBBAAC練習一：單項選擇練習一：單項選擇 (單擊顯