2020屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題動(dòng)詞主謂一致學(xué)案

2020屆二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題動(dòng)詞主謂一致學(xué)案［思維導(dǎo)圖］陌決一

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盂+形容訶"瓷小啖人在対屮帶主語—"觸1<1訕吃v6■名訶”作主譜“山丘MumhurM+肚數(shù)剋詞'"作I邇戈朮時(shí)問.即禺.卅訛、他鈾譯遼數(shù)忖惟主語以_卅_讓靠Y尾的半科名河及曲邸柞主訴致原則主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上和主語一致，一般遵循三個(gè)原則，即語法致原則、就近一致原則和意義一致原則。動(dòng)百政動(dòng)XI不定式、從何、不定代詞作主常主說墮介訓(xùn)辿帝或翼他伽人講作主泊amiLbtHhi..曲口訂…連按主譜|eJ「mjiny■3加1併吧山汕“恥+單?散宕同t乍主沽一、語法一致原則主語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定了謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。1．動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、從句、不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxedafterabusyday.聽音樂使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。Everythingisinacompletemass，whichdrivespeoplecrazy.所有的事情都毫無頭緒，讓人發(fā)瘋。［名師指津］what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式，但如果從句表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Whathesaidisfarfromthetruth.他的話與事實(shí)相差太遠(yuǎn)了。Whattheschoolneedsarequalifiedteachers.這個(gè)學(xué)校需要的是合格的老師。2．主語后接介詞短語或其他插入語，如with，togetherwith，aswellas，like，but，except，alongwith，ratherthan，including，inadditionto等，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。Theteacheraswellashisstudentswasveryexcited.老師和他的學(xué)生們都很興奮。IthinkTom，ratherthanyouistoblamefortheaccident.我認(rèn)為是湯姆而不是你該為這起事故負(fù)責(zé)任。3．a(chǎn)nd，both...and...連接兩個(gè)不同的主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但是如果由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Herteacherandherfriendsareinthesitting－room.她的老師和朋友都在客廳。Thepoetandwriterhasproducedmanyworks.這位詩人兼作家寫出了許多作品。Aknifeandforkisusedonthetableinwesterncountries.刀叉被用在西方國家的餐桌上。定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要與先行詞保持一致。Myfriendshowedmearoundthetown，whichwasveryattractive.我的朋友帶我參觀了這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)，它非常迷人。“manya/morethanone+單數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。each,every,no所修飾的名詞作主語時(shí)，即使有and連接，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。Manyaparenthashadtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.很多父母都被迫經(jīng)歷了這一段相同的痛苦的過程。EveryboyandeverygirlwishestoattendthepartytobeheldonSunday.每個(gè)男生和女生都希望參加即將在周日舉辦的聚會(huì)。二、意義一致原則意義一致原則指不管主語的形式是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，主語的意義決定了謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。1.集體名詞作主語時(shí)，若被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是構(gòu)成集體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。Theclassconsistsof25boysand20girls.這個(gè)班由25個(gè)男生和20個(gè)女生組成。Theclassaredoingexperiment.全班學(xué)生都在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/themajority+of+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義；all,some,half,most,therest等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語實(shí)際表達(dá)的意義。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.這些書中大約有1/3值得一讀。Only60percentoftheworkwasdoneyesterday.昨天只做了60%的工作。Allofthisiswonderful,butthebestpartofthisfilmistheacting.所有這些都很精彩,但電影最精彩的部分是表演?！皌he+形容詞”表示一類人在句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.病人已被治愈,失蹤的人也都找到了。aquantityof后既可接不可數(shù)名詞，也可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于quantity的數(shù)。quantitiesof后無論接可數(shù)名詞還是接不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞均用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Aquantityoftimehasbeenwastedontheproject.=Quantitiesoftimehavebeenwastedontheproject.大量的時(shí)間被浪費(fèi)在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上?！癮numberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，“thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Anumberofstudentshavegoneforanouting.許多學(xué)生去遠(yuǎn)足了。Thenumberofthestudentsisincreasingyearafteryear.學(xué)生的數(shù)量逐年增加。表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、金額等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。Threethousanddollarsisquitealotofmoneyforaboy.對(duì)于一個(gè)男孩來說，3000美元是一筆大數(shù)目。以一s/—ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞及news作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Badnewstravelsquickly.［諺］壞事傳千里。三、就近一致原則就近一致原則指謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于離它最近的主語的單復(fù)數(shù)。1．由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，notonly...but(also)．..，not...but...等連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)常與最近的主語保持一致。Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsistoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會(huì)議。2.由there,here引起的主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。Therearethreebooksandapenonthedesk.桌子上有三本書和一支鋼筆。丨強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練丨真題演練單句語法填空1．Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliv，ethfeorevierwsaysit(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.(2018?全國卷I)答案is［考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)全句可知，句子敘述的是一般的客觀陳述的事實(shí)，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)oit指代上一句的runningregularly,是單數(shù)，故填is。2．Fastfood(be)fulloffatandsalt；byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(2017?全國卷I)答案is［考查主謂一致。主語是fastfood，是不可數(shù)名詞，所以謂語用單數(shù)形式，且此處講的是現(xiàn)狀，所以填iSo］3．Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow(be)oftenacceptable.(2016?全國卷II)答案is［考查主謂一致。Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow作主語，所以謂語用單數(shù)，此處表示客觀情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。］4．Thiscycle（go）dayafterday：Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset（抵消）fortheoutsidetemperatures.（全國卷II）答案goes[考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。主語是thiscycle，且此處表示目前的情況,所以用goes。]模擬沖關(guān)I.單句語法填空1．Apartfromthementalreliefofpeople'smind，anothermajoraspectofTaoistinfluenceonChinesecultureis（be）itsinfluenceonmartialarts.（2019?鎮(zhèn)海中學(xué)模擬）2．Herboyfriendleftintearsandafewdayslatersentanotetoher，whichsaid，“Pleasetakegoodcareofyoureyes，mydear，becausebeforetheyareyours，theywere（be）mine!”（2019?杭州二中模擬）Thedesignonthebackshows（show）theyellow—eyedpenguin,oneoftheworld'srarestpenguins.（2019?紹興模擬）Inthepool,Bob,myinstructor,demandedwedowhathedid.Oneofthedrillswas（be）totakeourmasksoffatthebottomofthedeepend，replacethem，andclearthemofwater.（2019?嘉興模擬）5．Inmyschooldays,Iwasashyboyandnevereventhoughtoftakingpartinanypublicspeakingevents,schoolplaysorstagecontests,soactingwas（be）aremotecareerchoicethen.（2019?臺(tái)州模擬）Manypsychologiststodayare（be）workingtotrytodeterminejusthowapersonexperiencesorperceivestheworldaround.（2019?學(xué)軍中學(xué)模擬）AreportpublishedonDec.6saysthisstyleofhealthcare,whichincludes（include）differentformslikeherbalmedicineandexercise，hasspreadto183countriesandregions.（2019?衢州二中模擬）PeopleinSuzhou,JiangsuProvince,are（be）accustomedtoeatingwontonsinmidwinter.（2019?湖州二模）9.Thereare(be)alsomanysmalluniversitieswithonlyafewhundredstudents.(2019?嘉興一中模擬)10.Whitehighlightsallthatisbadinhumannature.Itsuggests(suggest)dishonestyandbetrayal(背叛).(2019?紹興一中模擬)II?語法填空(2019?麗水模)Peoplereleaseballoonsforspecialoccasionslikememorialservicesandgrandopenings.Itisfunandexciting.Butitreallycausesgreatdestructiontotheenvironmentandthreatensthe1.(life)ofourwildlife.Whenaballoon2.(fly)intothesky，itdoesn'tendup3.(stay)there.Iteventuallyburstsandreturnstotheearthasuglylitter.Balloonscaneventravelthousandsofmilesandpollutethemostremoteandpureplaces.More4.(sad)，theycanpresentathreattomanyanimals.Birds，whales，turtlesandotheranimalsoftenmistakeballoons5.food，whichcandodamagetothembecauseballoonscontain6.(harm)chemicals.Balloonsevenkillanimals.Whenananimalswallowsaballoon，itcanblockitsintestinaltract(腸道［resultinginstarvation.Partofthereasonwhyreleasingballoons7.(permit)insomanyplacesisthatsomeballoonsdobreakdowneventually.However，ittakesaboutfouryears8.(break)downcompletely.Watchinghundredsofballoonsslowlygoingupintotheskymightgiveyouafive－secondthrill/r/