考研考博-英語-廣州衛(wèi)生職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣州衛(wèi)生職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Badtravelingconditionshadseriously（）theirprogresstotheirdestinationinthat

region.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tugged

B.demolished

C.hampered

D.destroyed

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:惡劣的旅行條件嚴(yán)重（）了他們到達(dá)該地區(qū)目的地的進(jìn)程。tug用力拖，拖拉；demolish毀壞，破壞；hamper妨礙，牽制；destroy毀滅，消滅。C符合句意。

2.單選題

Scientistshavelongarguedwhetherhypocrisyisdrivenbyemotionorbyreason.Inothermoraljudgments,brainimagingshows,regionsinvolvedinfeeling,notthinking,ruletheroleofemotioninmoraljudgmentshasoverturnedtheEnlightenmentnotionthatourethicalsenseisbasedonhigh-mindedphilosophyandcognition.Thatbringsustohypocrisy,whichisalmostridiculouslyeasytobringoutinpeople.

Inanewstudy,psychologistDavidDeStenoinstructed94peopletoassignthemselvesandstrangeroneoftwotasks:aneasyoneorahardone.Theneveryonewasasked,howfairlydidyouactfrom“extremelyunfairly”(1)to“extremelyfairly”(7).Nexttheywatchedsomeoneelsemaketheassignments,andjudgedthatperson'sethics.Selflessnesswasavirtualno-show:87outof94peopleoptedfortheeasytaskandgavethenextguythedifficultone.Hypocrisy,however,showedupwithbellson:everysinglepersonwhomadetheselfishchoicejudgedhisownbehaviorlessstrictly—onaverage,4.5vs.3.1—thanthatofsomeoneelsewhograbbedtheeasytaskforhimself.

Thegapsuggestshowhypocrisyispossible.Whenwejudgeourownmisbehaviorslessharshly,DeStenosaid,itmaybebecause“wehavethisautomatic,gut-level(本能)instincttopreserveourself-image.Inourheart,maybewe'rejustnotassensitivetoourownimmoralbehaviors.Peoplehavelearnedthatitpaystoseemmoral,sinceitletsyouavoidcriticismandguilt.Butevenbetterisappearingmoralwithouthavingtopaythecostofactuallybeingmoral—suchasassigningyourselfthetoughjob.”

Totesttheroleofcognitioninhypocrisy,DeStenohadvolunteersagainassignthemselvesaneasytaskandastrangeradifficultone.Butbeforejudgingthefairnessoftheiractions,theyhadtomemorizesevennumbers.Thistactickeepsthebrain’sthinkingregionstootieduptothinkmuchaboutanythingelse,anditworked:hypocrisyvanished.Peoplejudgedtheirown(selfish)behaviorasharshlyastheydidothers’，strongevidencethatmoralhypocrisyrequiresahigh-ordercognitiveprocess.Whenthethinkingpartofthebrainisotherwiseengaged,we’releftwithgut-levelreactions,andweintuitivelyandequallycondemnbadbehaviorbyourselvesaswellasothers.

Ifourgutknowswhenwehaveerredandjudgesourmisbehaviorsharshly,moralhypocrisymightnotbeasinevitableasifitwerethechildofemotionsandinstincts,whicharetoughertochangethanthinking.“Sinceit’sacognitiveprocess,wehavevolitional(意志的)controloverit,arguesDeSteno.Thewaytochangeheartsandmindsistofocusontheformer:appealtoourbetterangelsinthebrain’semotionareas,andtellcircuitsthataregoingthroughcognitivedistortionstoexcuseinourselveswhatwecondemninotherstojustshutup.

1.Accordingtoparagraph1,brainimagingisproofof（

）.

2.Theconclusiondrawnfromthefirstexperimentisthatpeople

（

）.

3.DeStenoattributesthesubjects’behaviorstothefactthatthey

（

）.

4.Thesecondexperimentprovesthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emotionalbasisofmoraljudgments

B.emotion-drivenhypocrisy

C.reason-drivenhypocrisy

D.theEnlightenmentnotion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.prefereasytasks

B.likepickingfaultsofothers

C.demandbothbenefitsandreputation

D.arehypocriticalinnature

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.areself-centered

B.areinsensitivetomisbehaviors

C.haverealizedthatitcoststobemoral

D.havereasonedthathypocrisyisbeneficial

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.selfishnessistheresultofcognition

B.humanaremoralandfairbynature

C.moraljudgmentsaremadebycognition

D.judgmentsbyintuitionarereliable

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段的內(nèi)容為：長期以來，科學(xué)家們一直在爭論，偽善是由情感驅(qū)動(dòng)還是由理性驅(qū)動(dòng)。在其他道德判斷中，大腦成像顯示，情緒在道德判斷中所起的作用所涉及的是情感而不是思維的區(qū)域，顛覆了啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的觀念。這給我們帶來了偽善，這在人身上幾乎是可笑的?？芍X成像是道德判斷的情感基礎(chǔ)，因此選A。

2.推理判斷題。文章第二段介紹了心理學(xué)家們做的實(shí)驗(yàn)：實(shí)驗(yàn)對象給自己和陌生人分配任務(wù)，并為自己和別人分配的公平性打分。得到的結(jié)果是：一方面，無私的現(xiàn)象完全沒有出現(xiàn)，人們都為自己選擇了輕松的任務(wù)而把難的任務(wù)分給別人。另一方便，偽善倒是大張旗鼓地出現(xiàn)了，人們對自己的自私行為比對別人的自私行為更為寬容。因此從第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的結(jié)論是人們既要利益又要維護(hù)形象，選C。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Peoplehavelearnedthatitpaystoseemmoral,sinceitletsyouavoidcriticismandguilt.Butevenbetterisappearingmoralwithouthavingtopaythecostofactuallybeingmoral—suchasassigningyourselfthetoughjob（人們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到，看起來道德是值得的，因?yàn)樗梢宰屇惚苊馀u和內(nèi)疚。但更好的是，在不付出實(shí)際道德代價(jià)的情況下，表現(xiàn)得很有道德——比如給自己分配一份艱苦的工作）可知D選項(xiàng)“有理由認(rèn)為偽善是有益的”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Peoplejudgedtheirown(selfish)behaviorasharshlyastheydidothers'...andweintuitivelyandequallycondemnbadbehaviorbyourselvesaswellasothers（人們像對待別人一樣嚴(yán)厲地判斷自己（自私的）行為……我們直覺地和同樣譴責(zé)自己和他人的不良行為）可知B選項(xiàng)“人的本性是道德的和公平的”符合題意。

3.單選題

Itisquitenecessaryforaqualifiedteachertohavegoodmannersand（

）knowledge.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extensive

B.expansive

C.intensive

D.expensive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。extensive“廣泛的，大量的”；expansive“廣闊的”；intensive“密集的，加強(qiáng)的”；expensive“昂貴的”。句意：一個(gè)合格的老師要有良好的修養(yǎng)和廣博的知識，這是非常重要的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Thecitywasunpreparedwhenthe______dangerofhurricanesbecamereality,bringingdestructivewavesthat______everythingintheirpath.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ambivalent…detracted

B.profound…assuaged

C.colloquial…supplanted

D.hypothetical…obliterated

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.ambivalent…detracted矛盾的，好惡相克的……轉(zhuǎn)移，使分心B.profound…assuaged深厚的……平息，緩和

C.colloquial…supplanted通俗的，口語的……代替，排擠掉D.hypothetical…obliterated假設(shè)的，愛猜想的……消滅，沖刷

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞和動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】第一個(gè)空格根據(jù)后面的becamereality（成為現(xiàn)實(shí)）可知，hypothetical符合句意；第二個(gè)空格根據(jù)destructivewaves（毀滅性的波濤）可知，______everythingintheirpath表示的是“沖刷著道路上的一切”。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】當(dāng)人們假設(shè)的颶風(fēng)的危險(xiǎn)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)，這座城市還沒有做好準(zhǔn)備，毀滅性的波濤沖刷著他們道路上的一切。

5.單選題

BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962,onlyfiveAmericanshadbeenpreviouslythushonored,themostrecentbeingErnestHemingwayin1954andWilliamFaulknerin1949.Steinbeckhadbeenconsideredonthoseoccasionsandalsoin1945.Asthehonorisbyfarthegreatestanywritercanreceive,Steinbeckwaselated.Thefeelingofelationwastemperedslightly,however,bytheobservationexpressedbySteinbeckin1956，thatrecipientsoftheNobelPrizeseldomwriteanythingofvalueafterwards.HecitedHemingwayandFaulknerasexamples,minimizingthepointthatbythetimeoftheirselectionmostwritershadalreadywrittentheirbestwork.Attheageofsixty,whenhereceivedtheawardshimself,Steinbeckwrotetoafriendthathewouldnothaveacceptedtheawardhadhenotbelievedthathewouldcontinuetowritewell,thathe4*couldbeattherap'Likehiscontemporaries,andothersaswell,however,hedidnot.

Therewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoesso,forSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature.

1.InwhatyearwasSteinbecksixtyyearsold?

2.Accordingtothepassage,Steinbeckwrotehisbestwork（

）.

3.Before1949,howmanyAmericanshadreceivedtheNobelPrizeforliterature?

4.Inthesecondparagraph,thephrase"doesso”refersto

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardJohnSteinbeck?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.1949

B.1954

C.1956

D.1962

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.inanexpressivestyle

B.beforereceivingtheNobelPrize

C.whilehewasfeelingelated

D.guidedbyhiscontemporaries

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Two

B.Three

C.Four

D.Five

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.feelelatedatreceivingtheNobelPrize

B.accepttheNobelPrizeifnominated

C.writewellafterreceivingtheNobelPrize

D.honorNobelPrizewinnersofthepast

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Steinbeckwasanexceptionallydifferentauthor

B.SteinbeckshouldhavereceivedtheNobelPrizeearlier

C.Steinbeckwroteequallywellthroughouthislife

D.Steinbeckearnedhisreputationwellbefore1962

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962(在諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)于1962年被授予JohnSteinbeck（約翰?斯坦貝克）之前),以及后面說到:Attheageofsixty,whenhereceivedtheawardshimself(60歲時(shí)，在他（約翰?斯坦貝克）自己得到該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)（即諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)）后),由此可知D項(xiàng)“1962年”正確。

2.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Therewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoesso,forSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature(不期望或不需要)約翰?斯坦貝克在得到諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)后繼續(xù)寫出好作品，因?yàn)樗诤茉缫郧凹航?jīng)在現(xiàn)代美國文學(xué)上成名了。由此可知B項(xiàng)“在獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)之前”正確。

3.判斷推理題。第一段指出:BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962，onlyfiveAmericanshadbeenpreviouslythushonored,themostrecentbeingErnestHemingwayin1954andWilliamFaulknerin1949(在諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)于1962年被授予JohnSteinbeck（約翰?斯坦貝克）之前，只有五位美國人先前受到過如此殊榮，這五位在時(shí)間上最近的是1954年的歐內(nèi)斯特?海明威（美國作家）和1949年的威廉??？思{（美國小說家）),由此可知1949年以前獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的美國人有三位。

4.判斷推理題。"doesso”出現(xiàn)在第二段,其所在句是順承前面的句子:Steinbeckwrotetoafriendthathewouldnothaveacceptedtheawardhadhenotbelievedthathewouldcontinuetowritewell,thathe“couldbeattherap”(約翰?斯坦貝克給一位朋友寫信稱，如果他不相信自己將繼續(xù)寫出好作品和能免受指責(zé)（諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主在得獎(jiǎng)后很少寫出有價(jià)值的任何東西）的話，那么他將不會接受諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)),由此可知C項(xiàng)“獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)后寫出好作品”正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。最后一段指出:TherewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoessoforSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature(不期望或不需要這位作者（即約翰?斯坦貝克）在得到諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)后繼續(xù)寫出好作品，因?yàn)榧s翰?斯坦貝克在很早以前已經(jīng)在現(xiàn)代美國文學(xué)上成名了)。由此可知D項(xiàng)“約翰?斯坦貝克在1962年前已經(jīng)非常出名”正確。

6.單選題

Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessivelyrefusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewantandliveacompletelysedentarylifestylewithoutanyexercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursocietyalthoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexampleateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.

Amultitudeoffactorsbothinheritedandenvironmentalinfluencethedevelopmentofhealthrelatedbehaviorsanditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.Howeverthedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealthrelatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoices.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.IndiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoiceFriesandGrapodrewacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.Thusforthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity．

1.Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause____.

2.To“l(fā)iveacompletelysedentarylife-style”(Para.1)inthepassagemeans____.

3.Soundpersonalhealthchoiceisoftendifficulttomakebecause____.

4.ToknowinglyallowoneselftopursueunhealthyhabitsiscomparedbyFriesandCrapoto____．

5.AccordingtoFriesandCraposoundhealthchoicesshouldbebasedon____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.personalhealthchoicehelpcuremostillness

B.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledge

C.itisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansociety

D.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.to“l(fā)iveaninactivelife”

B.to“l(fā)iveadecentlife”

C.to“l(fā)ivealifewithcompletefreedom”

D.to“l(fā)ivealifeofvice”

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.currentmedicalknowledgeisstillinsufficient

B.therearemanyfactorsinfluencingourdecisions

C.fewpeoplearewillingtotradethequalityoflifeforthequantityoflife

D.peopleareusuallyinfluencedbythebehavioroftheirfriends

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.improvingthequalityofone’slife

B.limitingone’spersonalhealthchoice

C.deliberatelyendingone’slife

D.breakingtherulesofsocialbehavior

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.personaldecisions

B.society’slaws

C.statisticalevidence

D.friends’opinions

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause____.關(guān)于健康的個(gè)人選擇概念很重要，因?yàn)開___。

A.personalhealthchoicehelpcuremostillnessA.個(gè)人健康選擇有助于治愈大多數(shù)疾病

B.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledgeB.它有助于提高我們的醫(yī)學(xué)知識水平

C.itisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansocietyC.它對美國社會的個(gè)人自由至關(guān)重要

D.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealthD.錯(cuò)誤的決定會導(dǎo)致健康狀況不佳

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段第二句“如果每個(gè)人都能做出明智的個(gè)人健康選擇，并且不愿意看到它在社會的法律和道德范圍內(nèi)被限制，那么估計(jì)90%的疾病是可以預(yù)防的?！庇纱丝芍?，正確的個(gè)人健康選擇可以預(yù)防疾病，因此可以推斷錯(cuò)誤的選擇會對健康有害。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人健康選擇有助于治愈大多數(shù)疾病”，文中提到“如果每個(gè)人都能做出明智的個(gè)人健康選擇，并且不愿意看到它在社會的法律和道德范圍內(nèi)被限制，那么估計(jì)90%的疾病是可以預(yù)防的。”可知個(gè)人健康選擇可以預(yù)防疾病，而并不是治愈疾病，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“它有助于提高我們的醫(yī)學(xué)知識水平”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“它對美國社會的個(gè)人自由至關(guān)重要”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

To“l(fā)iveacompletelysedentarylife-style”(Para.1)inthepassagemeans____.“過一種完全久坐的生活方式”(第1段)在文中的意思是____。

A.to“l(fā)iveaninactivelife”A.“過一種不活躍的生活”

B.to“l(fā)iveadecentlife”B.“過體面的生活”

C.to“l(fā)ivealifewithcompletefreedom”C.“過一種完全自由的生活”

D.to“l(fā)ivealifeofvice”D.“過著罪惡的生活”

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph1與題干信息可定位到第一段第四句“一種沒有任何運(yùn)動(dòng)的完全久坐不動(dòng)的生活方式（acompletelysedentarylifestylewithoutanyexercise）”由此可知這種完全久坐的生活就是沒有運(yùn)動(dòng)的生活，即不活躍的生活。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C、D選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Soundpersonalhealthchoiceisoftendifficulttomakebecause____.正確的個(gè)人健康選擇往往很難做出，因?yàn)開___。

A.currentmedicalknowledgeisstillinsufficientA.目前的醫(yī)學(xué)知識仍然不足

B.therearemanyfactorsinfluencingourdecisionsB.有許多因素影響我們的決定

C.fewpeoplearewillingtotradethequalityoflifeforthequantityoflifeC.很少有人愿意用生活的質(zhì)量來換取生活的數(shù)量

D.peopleareusuallyinfluencedbythebehavioroftheirfriendsD.人們通常會受到朋友行為的影響

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段第一句“許多因素，包括遺傳和環(huán)境影響（Amultitudeoffactorsbothinheritedandenvironmentalinfluence）健康相關(guān)行為的發(fā)展，去討論所有這些因素超出了本文的范圍，因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡苡绊懭魏谓o定的個(gè)人?！庇纱丝芍刑嘁蛩赜绊懭藗冏鰶Q定。因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“目前的醫(yī)學(xué)知識仍然不足”，文中講的是各種因素影響人們主觀判斷，并沒有講目前醫(yī)學(xué)知識不足，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“很少有人愿意用生活的質(zhì)量來換取生活的數(shù)量”，文中最后一句提到“因此，對于那些既想保持生活質(zhì)量又想保持生活數(shù)量的人來說，個(gè)人健康選擇應(yīng)該反映那些與增加活力和長壽的統(tǒng)計(jì)概率相關(guān)的行為?！庇纱丝芍昂苌儆腥嗽敢庥蒙畹馁|(zhì)量來換取生活的數(shù)量”與做出正確健康選擇無關(guān)，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“人們通常會受到朋友行為的影響”，朋友影響屬于外界環(huán)境影響，而由文中可知遺傳和環(huán)境影響健康相關(guān)行為的發(fā)展，該選項(xiàng)是片面概括，屬于以偏概全。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ToknowinglyallowoneselftopursueunhealthyhabitsiscomparedbyFriesandCrapoto____．有意識地允許自己追求不健康的習(xí)慣被Fries和Crapo比作____。

A.improvingthequalityofone’slifeA.提高一個(gè)人的生活質(zhì)量

B.limitingone’spersonalhealthchoiceB.限制個(gè)人健康選擇

C.deliberatelyendingone’slifeC.故意結(jié)束自己的生命

D.breakingtherulesofsocialbehaviorD.打破社會行為的規(guī)則

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段最后兩句“在討論個(gè)人選擇的道德問題時(shí)，F(xiàn)ries和Grapo做了一個(gè)比喻。他們認(rèn)為，明知自己的行為有縮短壽命的統(tǒng)計(jì)概率，卻仍然去追求，這類似于試圖自殺（attemptingsuicide）?！庇纱丝芍非蟛唤】档男袨轭愃朴谧詺⒁簿褪墙Y(jié)束自己的生命。因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“提高一個(gè)人的生活質(zhì)量”，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)“限制個(gè)人健康選擇”，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“打破社會行為的規(guī)則”，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

AccordingtoFriesandCraposoundhealthchoicesshouldbebasedon____.弗萊斯和克拉波認(rèn)為，合理的健康選擇應(yīng)該基于____。

A.personaldecisionsA.個(gè)人的決定

B.society’slawsB.社會的法律

C.statisticalevidenceC.統(tǒng)計(jì)證據(jù)

D.friends’opinionsD.朋友的意見

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到文章最后一句“因此，對于那些既想保持生活質(zhì)量又想保持生活數(shù)量的人來說，個(gè)人健康選擇應(yīng)該反映那些與增加活力和長壽的統(tǒng)計(jì)概率（statisticalprobability）相關(guān)的行為。”因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人的決定”，文中有提到“明知自己的行為有縮短壽命的統(tǒng)計(jì)概率，卻仍然去追求，這類似于試圖自殺”因此不能根據(jù)個(gè)人的決定而選擇，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“社會的法律”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“朋友的意見”，文中提到個(gè)人的選擇會受到外界環(huán)境影響，但合理的選擇并不能基于朋友的意見，該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

7.單選題

Itmaybenecessarytostop（）inthelearningprocessandgobacktothedifficultpointsinthelessons.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atadistance

B.atintervals

C.atcase

D.atlength

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)atadistance“在遠(yuǎn)處”；B選項(xiàng)atintervals“不時(shí)”；C選項(xiàng)atcase“在……領(lǐng)域”；D選項(xiàng)atlength“終于”。句意：在學(xué)習(xí)過程中，可能有必要每隔一段時(shí)間就停下來回顧一下課程中的難點(diǎn)。本句表示每隔一段時(shí)間，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates,manyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisingly,littleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.Inoneinvestigation,300Japaneseand210Americanpreschoolteachers,childdevelopmentspecialists,andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhoodeducation.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondents（答問卷者）listed“togivechildrenagoodstartacademically”asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Incontrast,overhalftheAmericanrespondentschosethisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond,Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.ThevastmajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoreadathomebytheirparents.

IntherecentcomparisonofJapaneseandAmericanpreschooleducation,91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixty-twopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented（強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性發(fā)展的），Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.AnemphasisontheimportanceofthegroupseeninJapaneseearlychildhoodeducationcontinuesintoelementaryschooleducation.

LikeinAmerica,thereisdiversityinJapaneseearlychildhoodeducation.SomeJapanesekindergartenshavespecificaims,suchasearlymusicaltrainingorpotentialdevelopment.Inlargecities,somekindergartensareattachedtouniversitiesthathaveelementaryandsecondaryschool.

SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren’schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-ratedschoolsanduniversities.SeveralmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.

1.WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthatmanyAmericanbelieve（）.

2.MostAmericansurveyedbelievethatpreschoolsshouldalsoattachimportanceto（）.

3.InJapan’spreschooleducation,thefocusison（）.

4.FreeplayhasbeenintroducedinsomeJapanesekindergartensinorderto（）.

5.WhydosomeJapaneseparentssendtheirchildrentouniversity-basedkindergartens?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.JapaneseparentsaremoreinvolvedinpreschooleducationthanAmericanparents.

B.Japan’seconomicsuccessisaresultoritsscientificachievements.

C.Japanesepreschooleducationemphasizesacademicinstruction.

D.Japan’shighereducationissuperiortotheirs.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.problemsolving

B.groupexperience

C.parentalguidance

D.individually–orienteddevelopment

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.preparingchildrenacademically

B.developingchildren’sartisticinterests

C.lappingchildren’spotential

D.shapingchildren’scharacter

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.broadenchildren’shorizon

B.cultivatechildren’screativity

C.lightenchildren’sstudyload

D.enrichchildren’sknowledge

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theycandobetterintheirfuturestudies.

B.Theycanaccumulatemoregroupexperiencethere.

C.Theycanbeindividuallyorientedwhentheygrowup.

D.Theycanhavebetterchancesofgettingafirst-rateeducation.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisingly,littleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.”，可知日本的學(xué)前教育提供的答案并不是美國人所期望的。令人驚訝的是，在大多數(shù)日本學(xué)前教育中，很少強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)術(shù)教育指導(dǎo)?？膳袛喑雒绹讼嘈湃毡镜膶W(xué)前教育強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)術(shù)指導(dǎo)。相信C符合題意。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixty-twopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented，Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.”，可知91%的日本受訪者認(rèn)為，讓孩子們有團(tuán)體經(jīng)歷是日本社會讓孩子接受學(xué)前教育的三大理由之一，62%的美國受訪者將團(tuán)隊(duì)經(jīng)歷列為他們的三大選擇之一。可判斷出大多數(shù)接受調(diào)查的美國人認(rèn)為學(xué)齡前兒童也應(yīng)該重視團(tuán)隊(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。相信B符合題意。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.”，可知日本的學(xué)校不教授閱讀、寫作和數(shù)學(xué)等學(xué)業(yè)知識，而是教授諸如堅(jiān)持、專注和團(tuán)隊(duì)意識等能力?？膳袛喑鲈谌毡镜膶W(xué)前教育中，關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)在于塑造孩子的性格。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“SeveralmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.”，可知一些更先進(jìn)的項(xiàng)目引入了自由游戲，作為一些日本幼兒園擺脫沉重的課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)的方法?？膳袛喑鋈毡镜膶W(xué)前教育引入了自由玩耍的項(xiàng)目，目的是為了減輕孩子的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren’schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-ratedschoolsanduniversities.”，可知一些日本父母認(rèn)為，如果他們的孩子參加一個(gè)大學(xué)的項(xiàng)目，這將使孩子未來更有可能被一流學(xué)校和大學(xué)錄取?？膳袛喑鲆恍┤毡靖改赴押⒆铀偷酱髮W(xué)附屬的幼兒園，原因在于這能增加他們上一流大學(xué)的機(jī)會，從而接受最好的教育。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Thenewsabouttheterriblefloodtheregreatlydiscouraged（）thereforasight-seeing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.usfromgoing

B.ustogo

C.ourgoing

D.ourtogo

【答案】A

【解析】句意:關(guān)于那個(gè)地方的可怕洪水的新聞報(bào)道，使我們不想去那藍(lán)觀光了。

考查固定搭配。discouragesb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事。

10.單選題

Bothchildrenseemedtobedoingeverythingtheycouldto____me,whenIwasalreadyinabadmoodbeforegettinghome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.agitate

B.aggregate

C.aggravate

D.alleviate

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.agitate鼓動(dòng)；使焦慮不安B.aggregate總計(jì)

C.aggravate（故意）激怒；惹惱D.alleviate減輕

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接與形近詞辨析

【解題思路】空格所在部分語義為“兩個(gè)孩子似乎都在盡他們所能地____我”，根據(jù)后文“回家之前我就已經(jīng)心情不好了”推測，兩個(gè)孩子的行為讓我心情更加不好了，C選項(xiàng)“（故意）激怒；惹惱”與原句語義銜接最緊密。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)agitate“鼓動(dòng)；使焦慮不安”，“使焦慮”沒有“使惱火”符合原句語義；

B選項(xiàng)aggregate“總計(jì)”，為aggravate的形近詞，但不符合原句語義銜接；

D選項(xiàng)alleviate“減輕”，為aggravate的形近詞，但不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】兩個(gè)孩子似乎都在千方百計(jì)地使我惱火，而我在回家之前就已經(jīng)心情不好了。

11.單選題

Astheleavesturnyellowandfall,youcanfeelthe（）ofwinter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.approach

B.effect

C.surrounding

D.specimen

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。approach“靠近”；effect“作用”；surrounding“周圍的事物”；specimen“樣本，標(biāo)本”。句意：當(dāng)樹葉變黃掉落，你可以感受到冬天的到來。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.單選題

Theuniversityisnowmakingeffortstomakethesupplyanddemandofinformationmore（）andtoprotectstudents'rightswithlegaladvice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transparent

B.visible

C.applicable

D.practical

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。transparent"透明的;顯然的";visible"看得見的";applicable"可適用的,可應(yīng)用的";practical"實(shí)際的,實(shí)用性的"。句意：學(xué)校目前正在努力使信息的供求更加透明,并通過法律咨詢來保護(hù)學(xué)生的權(quán)利。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.寫作題

WriteanotetoyourroommateFrank.Yournoteshouldcontainabout80Englishwords.RememberthatyouarewritingthisnotebeforeleavingforShanghaiforthreedays.Inyournote,youshouldaskFranktolookafteryourpetdogGoofywhileyouareaway.YournotetoFrankshouldincludethefollowinginformation.

(a)YouwillflytoShanghaiintheevening

(b)ApologizetoFrankthatyouhavetoleaveinahurry

(c)AskFranktolookafterGoofy

(d)TellFrankthatthedogfoodisleftinthestoreroom

(e)RemindFrankthatGoofydoesnotlikecoldmilk

(f)Goofylikestotakeawalkintheevening

(g)LetFrankknowt