考研考博-英語-四川民族學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川民族學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Heis

theonlypersonwhocan（）in

thiscasebecausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

問題1選項

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】testify作證；charge起訴；accuse指控；rectify修正。句意：他是唯一能為此案作證的人,因為其他證人都被神秘地殺害了。選項A符合句意。

2.單選題

Manypeopleare（

）toinsectbites,andsomeevenhavetogotohospital.

問題1選項

A.insensitive

B.allergic

C.sensible

D.infected

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:很多人對蚊蟲叮咬（

），有些甚至不得不去醫(yī)院治療。

Insensitive感覺遲鈍的;allergic過敏的,例如beallergicto對某事或某物過敏;sensible理智的;infected被感染的。故選B。

3.單選題

Heenjoyedthedessertsomuchthatheacceptedasecond（）whenitwasoffered.

問題1選項

A.loading

B.piling

C.helping

D.sharing

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項loading“裝載；裝貨；裝載的貨”；B選項piling“地樁；打樁；樁材；打樁工程”；C選項helping“（食物的）一份”；D選項sharing“公用，共享”。句意：他非常喜歡甜點，所以當有人給他第二份時，他接受了。因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

Knowledgeisacomfortableandnecessaryretreatand_______forusinanadvancedage;andifwedonotplantitwhileyoung,itwillgiveusnoshadewhenwegrowold.

問題1選項

A.ingredient

B.reliance

C.shelter

D.inclination

【答案】C

【解析】ingredient原料,要素;reliance信賴,信心;shelter庇護,避難所,遮蓋物;inclination傾向,愛好。句意：知識是我們老年時舒適而必要的退隱之所;如果我們年輕時不準備,年老時就得不到它的庇護。選項C符合句意。

5.單選題

Haveyouthoughtwhatthe（）mightbeifyoudidn’twinyourcaseincourt?

問題1選項

A.applications

B.connotations

C.implications

D.complications

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查了同形詞辨析。applications“應用；試用”；connotations“內涵；含義”；implications“含義”；complications“并發(fā)癥；難題”，根據(jù)ifyoudidn’twinyourcase“如果你沒有贏得官司”，可知此處要表達的意思是會遇到難題、困境，所以此處應該選擇名詞complications，故正確答案為選項D。句意為：你有沒有想過如果你沒有贏得這場官司，你將會面臨何種難題？

6.不定項選擇題

SoutheastAsiahasauniqueabundanceanddiversityofglidinganimals,flyingsquirrels,flyingfrogs,andflyinglizardswithwingsofskinthatenablethemtoglidethroughthetropicalforest.Whatcouldbetheexplanationforthegreatdiversityinthisregionandthescarcityofsuchanimalsinothertropicalforests?Glidinghasgenerallybeenviewedaseitherameansofescapingpredators,byallowinganimalstomovebetweentreeswithoutdescendingtotheground,orasanenergeticallyefficientwayoftravelinglongdistancesbetweenscatteredresources.ButwhatisspecialaboutSoutheastAsianrainforests?

ScientistshaveproposedvarioustheoriestoexplainthediversityofglidinganimalsinSoutheastAsia.Thefirsttheorymightbecalledthetall-treeshypothesis.TheforestsofSoutheastAsiaaretallerthanforestselsewhereduetothedominationofthedipterocarp(龍腦香料樹)family:afamilyoftall,tropicalhardwoodtrees.Tallertreescouldallowforlongerglidesandtheopportunitytobuildupspeedinadivebeforegliding.Thelowerwindspeedsintall-treeforestsmightalsocontributebyprovidingamoreadvantageoussituationforglidingbetweentrees.Thisargumenthasseveralflaws,however.First,glidinganimalsarefoundthroughouttheSoutheastAsianregion,eveninrelativelyshort-statureforestsfoundinthenorthernrangeoftherainforestinChina,Vietnam,andThailand.Someglidersalsothriveinlowsecondaryforests,plantations,andevencityparks.Clearly,glidinganimalsdonotrequiretalltreesfortheiractivities.Inaddition,manyglidinganimalsbegintheirglidesfromthemiddleoftreetrunks,notevenascendingtothetopsoftreestotakeoff.

Asecondtheory,whichwemightcallthebroken-foresthypothesis,speculatesthatthetoplayeroftheforest-thetreecanopyhasfewerwoodyvinesconnectingtreecrownsinSoutheastAsianforeststhaninNewWorldandAfricanforests.Asaresult,animalsmustriskdescendingtothegroundorglidetomovebetweentrees.Inaddition,thetreecanopyispresumedtobemoreuneveninheightinAsianforests,duetothepresenceofthetalldipterocarptreeswithlowertreesbetweenthem,againfavoringglidinganimals.Yetecologistswhoworkindifferentregionsoftheworldobservetremendouslocalvariationintreeheight,canopystructure,andabundanceofvines,dependingonthesiteconditionsofsoil,climate,slopeelevation,andlocaldisturbance.OnecanfindmanylocationsinSoutheastAsiawherethereareabundantwoodyvinesandnumerousconnectionsbetweentreesandsimilarlymanyAmazonianforestswithfewwoodyvines.

Afinaltheorydiffersfromtheothersinsuggestingthatitisthepresenceofdipterocarptreesthemselvesthatisdrivingtheevolutionofglidingspecies.(A)Accordingtothisview.Dipterocarpforestscanbefood-desertsfortheanimalsthatliveinthem.(B)Theanimalslivingindipterocarpforeststhathaveevolvedglidingconsistoftwomainfeedinggroups:leafeatersandcarnivoresthatcatsmallpreysuchasinsectsandsmallvertebrates.(C)Forleaf-eatinggliderstheproblemisnottheabsenceofanyleavesbutthedesert-likeabsenceofedibleleaves.Dipterocarptreesoftenaccountfor50percentormoreofthetotalnumberofcanopytreesinaforestandover95percentofthelargetrees,yetdipterocarpleavesareunavailabletomostvertebrateplanteatersbecauseofthehighconcentrationoftoxicchemicalsintheirleaves.(D)Manyspeciesofglidinganimalsavoideatingdipterocarpleavesandsomusttravelwidelythroughtheforest,bypassingthedipterocarptrees,tofindtheleavestheyneedtoeat.Andglidingisamoreefficientmanneroftravelingbetweentreesthandescendingtothegroundandwalkingorelsejumpingbetweentrees.

Manycarnivorousanimalsalsomayneedtosearchmorewidelyforfoodduetothelowerabundanceofinsectsandotherprey.Thisiscausedbydipterocarp’irregularfloweringandfruitingcyclesoftwo-toseven-yearintervals,causingascarcityoftheflowers,fruits,seeds,andseedlingsthatarethestartingpointofsomanyfoodchains.Thelowerabundanceofpreyindipterocarpforestsforcesanimalssuchaslizardsandgeckostomovebetweentreecrownsinsearchoffood,withglidingbeingthemostefficientmeans.

61.Accordingtoparagraph1,whatquestionaboutglidingspeciesareresearcherstryingtoanswer?

62.Accordingtoparagraph1,itisgenerallythoughtthattheabilitytoglideisusefultoforest-dwellingspeciesbecausegliding______.

63.Theword“scattered”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto______.

64.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraph2insupportofthetall-treeshypothesisEXCFPT:______.

65.SelecttheTWOanswerchoicesthatpointtoflawsinthetall-treehypothesis,accordingtoparagraph2.Toreceivecredit,youmustSelectTWOanswers.

問題1選項

A.WhyittookmillionsofyearsforglidinganimalstoevolveinthetropicalforestsofSoutheastAsia.

B.Whyglidinganimals,thoughrareinmosttropicalforests,haveevolvedinsomanydifferentfamiliesinSoutheastAsia.

C.WhyglidinganimalevolvedinmanytropicalforestsinSoutheastAsiabeforetheyevolvedinanyofthetropicalforestselsewhereintheworld.

D.Whyglidinganimalsevolvedonlyintropicalrainforests.

問題2選項

A.allowsthemtoadapttoawidevarietyofforestconditions

B.eliminatestheneedtotravellongdistancesinsearchoffood

C.providesarapid,energy-efficientwayofdescendingfromthetopofatreetotheground

D.enablesthemtomovethroughtheforestwithoutbeingexposedtopredatorsontheground

問題3選項

A.hardtofind

B.seasonallyavailable

C.widelyseparated

D.highlyvaried

問題4選項

A.Talltreesmakelongerglidespossible.

B.Talltreesmakebuildingupspeedinadivepossible.

C.Talltreesmakeglidingfromthemiddleoftreetrunkspossible.

D.Tall-treeforestshavelowerwindspeeds.

問題5選項

A.Manyglidinganimalsareunabletoascendtothetopsoftalltrees.

B.GlidinganimalsarenotevenlydistributedthroughouttheforestsoftheSoutheastAsianregion.

C.InSoutheastAsia,manyglidinganimalsarcfoundinplaceswheretreestendtoberelativelyshort.

D.Manyglidinganimalsbegintheirglidesfrompositionsmidwayupthetrunksoftrees.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C、D

【解析】61.細節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)第一段，研究人員試圖回答關于滑翔物種的什么問題？”。根據(jù)第一段中的一個問題Whatcouldbetheexplanationforthegreatdiversityinthisregionandthescarcityofsuchanimalsinothertropicalforests?（如何解釋這一地區(qū)的物種多樣性和其他熱帶雨林中此類動物的稀缺？），由此可推斷，文章第一段想要回答的內容是：盡管其他熱帶雨林中滑翔動物稀缺，但是為什么在東南亞熱帶雨林中會衍生出許多滑翔物種呢？故B項“為什么滑翔動物，雖然在大多數(shù)熱帶森林很罕見，在東南亞有這么多不同的家族進化”符合題意。A項“為什么滑翔動物花了數(shù)百萬年才在東南亞的熱帶森林中進化”，第一段沒有提到滑翔物種進化的時間；C項“為什么滑翔動物在世界其他地方的熱帶森林中進化之前就在東南亞的許多熱帶森林中進化”表述與原文不符；D項“為什么滑翔動物只在熱帶雨林中進化”表述錯誤，文章第一段指出的是滑翔動物在大多數(shù)熱帶雨林中都稀缺。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

62.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)第一段，人們普遍認為滑翔能力對居住在森林里的物種是有用的，因為滑翔……”。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句Glidinghasgenerallybeenviewedaseitherameansofescapingpredators,byallowinganimalstomovebetweentreeswithoutdescendingtotheground,orasanenergeticallyefficientwayoftravelinglongdistancesbetweenscatteredresources.（滑翔通常被認為是一種躲避捕食者的方法，因為它可以讓動物在樹間移動而不會落到地面上，或者是一種在分散的資源之間進行長距離運動的高效能量的方式）可知，滑翔可以使動物躲避捕食者，D項“使它們能夠在森林中穿行而不暴露于地面上的捕食者”正確。A項“允許它們適應各種各樣的森林條件”沒有提及；B項“消除了長途跋涉尋找食物的需要”和C項“提供了一個快速、節(jié)能的方式從樹的頂部下降到地面”不符合原文。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

63.語義推測題。題干意思是“‘scattered’一詞在文章中的意思最接近……”。scattered一詞出現(xiàn)在第一段第三句byallowinganimalstomovebetweentreeswithoutdescendingtotheground,orasanenergeticallyefficientwayoftravelinglongdistancesbetweenscatteredresources（讓動物在樹間移動而不會落到地面上，或者是一種在分散的資源之間進行長距離運動的高效能量的方式），scatter本義是“使分散，使散開”；根據(jù)原文語境推斷，這里的意思是“滑翔作為一種省力有效的方式能夠使動物在分散的叢林中長途跋涉”，故C項“廣泛的分散”符合題意。A項“很難找到”、B項“季節(jié)性”和D項“高度多樣性”都不正確。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

64.細節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“在第二段中提到了所有支持‘高大樹木假說’的內容，除了……”。根據(jù)第二段第四句Tallertreescouldallowforlongerglidesandtheopportunitytobuildupspeedinadivebeforegliding.（樹木越高，滑翔的時間越長，在滑翔之前就有機會提高速度）和第五句Thelowerwindspeedsintall-treeforestsmightalsocontributebyprovidingamoreadvantageoussituationforglidingbetweentrees.（高樹森林中較低的風速也可能為樹木之間的滑翔提供了更有利的條件）可推斷，A項“高大的樹木使更長時間的滑翔成為可能”、B項“高大的樹木使在俯沖中加速成為可能”和D項“高大的森林有較低的風速”都是支持“高大樹木假說”的內容；在第二段最后兩句提到了“高大樹木假說”的不足之處，Clearly,glidinganimalsdonotrequiretalltreesfortheiractivities.Inaddition,manyglidinganimalsbegintheirglidesfromthemiddleoftreetrunks,notevenascendingtothetopsoftreestotakeoff.（顯然，滑翔動物的活動不需要高大的樹木；此外，許多滑翔動物從樹干中間開始滑翔，甚至不爬到樹頂起飛），所以C項“高大的樹使從樹干中間滑行成為可能”是不支持“高大樹木假說”。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

65.細節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)第二段，選擇兩項有關‘高大樹木假說’這一理論的不足的描述；要獲得分，您必須選擇兩個答案”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段，第二段后半部分講述了“高大樹木假說”的不足：First,glidinganimalsarefoundthroughouttheSoutheastAsianregion,eveninrelativelyshort-statureforestsfoundinthenorthernrangeoftherainforestinChina,Vietnam,andThailand.Someglidersalsothriveinlowsecondaryforests,plantations,andevencityparks.Clearly,glidinganimalsdonotrequiretalltreesfortheiractivities.Inaddition,manyglidinganimalsbegintheirglidesfromthemiddleoftreetrunks,notevenascendingtothetopsoftreestotakeoff.（首先，整個東南亞地區(qū)都有滑翔動物，甚至在中國、越南和泰國熱帶雨林北部的相對矮小的森林中也有。一些滑翔動物也在低矮的次生林、種植園甚至城市公園中茁壯成長。顯然，滑翔動物的活動不需要高大的樹木。此外，許多滑翔動物從樹干中間開始滑翔，甚至不爬到樹頂起飛。）由此可得出這一不足之處有兩點：第一是在東南亞地區(qū)許多滑翔動物被發(fā)現(xiàn)生活在樹木相對較矮的叢林里，第二是許多滑翔動物不一定爬到樹木的頂端開始滑翔，有些也可以從樹木的樹干中間位置開始滑翔。故C項“在東南亞，許多滑翔動物在樹木相對較矮的地方被發(fā)現(xiàn)”和D項“許多滑翔動物從樹干中間的位置開始滑翔”是正確的。A項“許多能滑翔的動物不能爬到高高的樹頂”，第二段沒有提到滑翔動物不能爬到高高的樹頂，這是無中生有；B項“滑翔動物在東南亞地區(qū)的森林中分布不均勻”，這與原文不符，原文提到“整個東南亞地區(qū)都有滑翔動物”。因此，該題選擇C項和D項正確。

7.單選題

Bothchildrenseemtobedoingeverythingtheycouldto（）me,whenIwasalreadyinabadmoodbeforegettinghome.

問題1選項

A.agitate

B.aggravate

C.aggregate

D.alleviate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項agitate“搖動；騷動；使激動”；B選項aggravate“加重；使惡化；激怒”；C選項aggregate“集合；聚集；合計”；D選項alleviate“減輕，緩解”。句意：當我在回家之前就已經(jīng)心情不好的時候，兩個孩子似乎在盡他們所能來緩解我的情緒。根據(jù)句意可知D選項正確。

8.單選題

Thisspeculation(acoursetaughtwithtechnologyhelpsstudentslearnmorethantheonetaughtintheliveclassroom)isnotbaseless:studiescomparingtechnology-basedandtraditionalcourseofferingsarebeginningtoappearwithregularity,andtechnologyislookingbetteralltime.UniversitiesthatspecializeindistanceeducationarelearninghowtousemultimediacoursewareandtheInterneteffectivelyandthequalityoftheirofferingsisgainingincreasingrecognition.Whenstudentsinthenearfuturehaveachoicebetween(a)attendingpassivelecturesatfixedlocationsandtimesinacampus-basedcurriculumand(b)completinginteractivemultimediatutorialsatanyconvenientplaceandtimeinadistance-basedcurriculum,guesswhichalternativemoreofthemwillbegintochoose.

Thisisnottosaythattechnologyisapanacea.Passiveinstructionaltechnology-e.g.,simplypointingavideocameraataconventionallectureorusingtheWebonlytodisplaytextandpictures—doesnotpromotemuchlearning,nomatterhowdynamicthelecturerorhowcolorfulthegraphicimages.Moreover,evenatitsbesttechnologywillneverbeabletodosomethingsthatfirst-rateteachersdoroutinely,suchasadvising,encouraging,motivating,andservingasrolemodelsforstudents,helpingthemdevelopthecommunicationandinterpersonalskillstheywillneedtosucceedintheircareers,andgettingthemtoteachandlearnfromoneanother.Mostsuccessfulpeoplecanthinkbacktoatleastonegiftedteacherwhochangedtheirlivesbydoingoneormoreofthesethings;itisunlikelythatanyonewilleverbeabletodothesameforasoftwarepackage.

Here,then,iswhatourcrystalballsaysaboutthefutureofhighereducation.Anincreasingshareofundergraduatedegreeswillbeearnedinwell-designeddistance-basedprogramsatconventionaluniversitiesandinstitutionswithoutwallsliketheBritishOpenUniversity,andanincreasingnumberofpeoplewillbypasscollegealtogetherandseekcompetency-basedcertificationinfieldslikeinformationtechnology.Somehighlyrankedresearchuniversitieswillstillteachtraditionallyandcontinuetoattractundergraduatesbyvirtueoftheirprestige,servingprimarilyastraininggroundsforgraduateschools.Manyofthemuchgreaternumberoflessprestigiousuniversitieswilltrytokeepdoingbusinessasusual,buthavingtocompeteforashrinkingpoolofundergraduateswillforcethemtoeitherchangetheirpracticesorclosetheirdoors.Andagrowingnumberofuniversitieswillsystematicallyincorporateinteractivemultimedia-basedinstructionalsoftwareintheirliveclassroom-basedcourses,makingsurethatthecoursesaretaughtbyprofessorswhoserveastruementorstotheirstudentsandnotjusttransmittersofinformation.Theseuniversitieswillcontinuetothrive—andtheywillprovidethebestcollegeeducation.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat（）.

2."apanacea"(Line1,2ndparagraph)probablymeans（）.

3.Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthefutureofmostuniversities?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheroleofaprofessorinthefutureclassroom?

問題1選項

A.technologybasedcourseslookbetterthantraditionalcourses

B.thequalityofmultimediacoursewareisnotclear

C.morestudentswillchoosetechnology-baseddistancelearning

D.someuniversitieswillspecializeindistanceeducationwhileotherswon't

問題2選項

A.asolutiontoallproblems

B.awonderfulinvention

C.amachineteacher

D.ausefulfacilitator

問題3選項

A.qualifiedteachersplayavitalroleinshapingstudents'life

B.it'steachers'jobtobuildacareerfortheirstudents

C.asophisticatedsoftwarepackageislikelytoreplaceateacher

D.aconventionallectureisalwayspassive

問題4選項

A.Theyhavetoclosetheirdoorsandturntobusiness.

B.Theywillprovidethebestcollegeeducation.

C.Theywillshrinkbecauseoflessstudents.

D.Theyhavetochangeortheywillbeoutofbusiness.

問題5選項

A.Anadviser

B.Atransmitter

C.Aninstructor

D.Atrainers

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，作者認為用技術授課的課程比在現(xiàn)場課堂授課的課程更能幫助學生學習的這種推測并非毫無依據(jù)，說明作者贊成越來越多的同學會選擇基于技術的遠程學習課程。選項C正確。

2.第二段的主要內容是講基于技術課程的缺點和不足。由此推斷，這里應該是指技術不是萬能的。選項A正確。

3.根據(jù)第二段的第三句“evenatitsbesttechnologywillneverbeabletodosomethingsthatfirst-rateteachersdoroutinely.”即使再好的技術也永遠無法做一些一流的教師經(jīng)常做的事情。以及倒數(shù)第二句“Mostsuccessfulpeoplecanthinkbacktoatleastonegiftedteacherwhochangedtheirlivesbydoingoneormoreofthesethings;”大多數(shù)成功人士都能回想起至少一位有才華的教師，他通過做一件或多件這樣的事情改變了他們的生活。由此推斷：合格的教師在塑造學生的生活中起著至關重要的作用。選項A正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第三句“...willforcethemtoeitherchangetheirpracticesorclosetheirdoors.”許多大學還在努力維持以往的辦學模式，他們要么被迫做出改變，要么只能關門大吉。選項D符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“...makingsurethatthecoursesaretaughtbyprofessorswhoserveastruementorstotheirstudentsandnotjusttransmittersofinformation.”確保授課教師是學生的真正導師，而不僅僅是信息的傳播者。選項A正確。

9.單選題

Duringadolescence,thedevelopmentof,politicalideologybecomesapparentintheindividualideologyhereisdefinedasthepresenceofroughlyconsistentattitudes,moreorlessorganizedinreferencetoamoreencompassing,thoughperhapstacit,setofgeneralprinciples.Assuch,politicalideologyisdimorabsentatthebeginningofadolescence.Itsacquisitionbytheadolescent,ineventhemostmodestsense,requirestheacquisitionofrelativelysophisticatedcognitiveskills:theabilitytomanageabstractness,tosynthesizeandgeneralize,toimaginethefuture.Theseareaccompaniedbyasteadyadvanceintheabilitytounderstandprinciples.

Thechild’rapidacquisitionofpoliticalknowledgealsopromotesthegrowthofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence.Byknowledge,Imeanmorethanthedreary"facts",suchasthecompositionofcountygovernmentthatthechildisexposedtointheconventionalninth-gradecivicscourse.NordoImeanonlyinformationoncurrentpoliticalrealities.Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent'sabsorption,oftenunwittingly,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundof,understanding,forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.Thus,politicalknowledgeistheawarenessofsocialassumptionsandrelationshipsaswellasofobjectivefactsmuchofthenativethatcharacterizedtheyoungeradolescent'sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfrom.Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutanignoranceof"facts",butfromanincompletecomprehensionofthecommonconventionsofthesystem,ofwhatisandisnotcustomarilydone,andofhowandwhyitisorisnotdone.

YetIdonotwanttooveremphasizethesignificanceofincreasedpoliticalknowledgeinformingadolescentideology.OvertheyearsIhavebecomeprogressivelydisenchantedaboutthecentralityofsuchknowledgeandhavecometobelievethatmuchcurrentworkinpolitical-socialization,byrelyingtooheavilyonitsapparentacquisition,hasbeenmisledaboutthetempoofpoliticalunderstandinginadolescence.Justasyoungchildrencancountnumbersinserieswithoutgraspingtheprincipleofordination,youngadolescentsmayhaveintheirheadsmanyrandombitsofpoliticalinformationwithoutasecureunderstandingofthoseconceptsthatwouldgiveorderandmeaningtotheinformation.

Likemagpies,children'smindspickupbitsandpiecesofdatA.Ifyouencouragethem,theywilldroptheseatyourfeet-republicansandDemocrats,thetripartitedivisionofthefederalsystem,perhapseventhecapitalofMassachusetts.Butuntiltheadolescenthasgraspedtheintegumentaryfunctionthatconceptsandprinciplesprovide,thedataremainfragmented,random,disordered.

86.Theauthorsprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcontributestothedevelopmentofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence?

3.Theauthorusestheterm"commongroundofunderstanding"(ParA.2)toreferto（）.

4.Thepassagesuggeststhat,duringearlyadolescence,achildwouldfindwhichofthefollowingmostdifficulttounderstand?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutschools?

問題1選項

A.clarifythekindsofunderstandinganadolescentmusthaveinordertodevelopapoliticalideology.

B.disputethetheorythatapoliticalideologycanbeacquiredduringadolescence

C.explainwhyadolescentsaregenerallyuninterestedinpoliticalargument

D.suggestvariousmeansofencouragingadolescentstodeveloppersonalpoliticalideologies

問題2選項

A.Consciousrecognitionbytheadolescentofhisorherownnaivete

B.Thoroughcomprehensionoftheconceptofordination

C.Evaluationbytheadolescentofthegeneralprinciplesencompassinghisorherspecificpoliticalideas.

D.Intuitiveunderstandingofrelationshipsamongvariouscomponentsofsociety

問題3選項

A.familiarlegislationregardingpoliticalactivity

B.theexperiencesthatalladolescentsshare

C.asociety'sgeneralsenseofitsownpoliticalactivity

D.asociety'swillingnesstoresolvepoliticaltensions

問題4選項

A.Abookchroniclingthewaysinwhichthepresidentialinaugurationceremonyhaschangedovertheyears.

B.AnessayinwhichanincidentinBritishhistoryisusedtoexplainthesystemofmonarchicsuccession

C.Asummaryoftherespectiveresponsibilitiesofthelegislative,executive,andjudicialbranchesofgovernment.

D.Adebateinwhichtheparticipantsargue,respectively,thatthefederalgovernmentshouldorshouldnotsupportprivateschools.

問題5選項

A.Theyshouldpresentpoliticalinformationaccordingtocarefullyplannedandschematicarrangements

B.Theythemselvesconstitutepartofageneralsociopoliticalsystemthatadolescentsarelearningtounderstand.

C.Iftheytointroducepoeticalsubjectmatterintheprimarygrades,studentswouldunderstandcurrentpoliticalrealitiesatanearlierage

D.Theyareineffectualtothedegreethattheydisregardadolescents'politicalnaivete

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干大意詢問作者想要通過本文表達什么。讀完原文可知，文章討論的主要是青少年階段政治觀念的形成，從不同的方面論述了政治觀念形成所必需的幾種認知技能。作者先后對politicalideology和politicalknowledge進行了界定。第三段中提及許多研究過分依賴后者（政治知識）的獲得，指出這是不正確的做法，A項翻譯為“必須要澄清理解青少年的方式，以便提出一種政治上的觀念”。該選項符合題意，正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第二段第四句“Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent'sabsorption,oftenunwittingly,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundofunderstanding.”，中文翻譯為：這些都是知識的方面，但它們比青少年吸收（通常是無意間吸收）許多關于政治制度的潛移默化的想法要重要得多，這些假設構成了理解共識?！癴orexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa，orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.”中文翻譯為：例如，國家可以“適當?shù)亍币蠊袷裁?，反之亦然，或者政府與附屬社會機構如學校和教會的“適當”關系?！币约啊癟hus,politicalknowledgeistheawarenessofsocialassumptionsandrelationshipsaswellasofobjectivefactsmuchofthenativethatcharacterizedtheyoungeradolescent'sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfrom.”，中文翻譯為：因此，政治知識是對社會假設和關系的認識，也是對客觀事實的認識。因此，綜合得知，D項正確。

3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)題干中關鍵短語“commongroundofunderstanding”可以定位到原文第二段后這一短語后的舉例“forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.”，中文翻譯為：例如，國家可以“適當?shù)亍币蠊袷裁矗粗嗳?，或者政府與附屬社會機構如學校和教會的“適當”關系。以及后文的意思可知，“理解共識”指的就是社會對諸如國家和公民之間相互的正當需求、政府與社會機構之間的正常關系等在理解上的一種認識。因此，最佳答案為C項。

4.推理判斷題。原文第一段談及政治意識形態(tài)在青春期之初是模糊或缺失的。由題干可以定位到原文第三段中“Justasyoungchildrencancountnumbersinserieswithoutgraspingtheprincipleofordination,youngadolescentsmayhaveintheirheadsmanyrandombitsofpoliticalinformationwithoutasecureunderstandingofthoseconceptsthatwouldgiveorderandmeaningtotheinformation.”，中文翻譯為：如小孩子在不掌握排序原則的情況下可以數(shù)數(shù)一樣，青少年在頭腦中可能有許多隨機的政治信息，而沒有安全地理解那些能給信息帶來秩序和意義的概念。以及原文第四段中“Butuntiltheadolescenthasgraspedtheintegumentaryfunctionthatconceptsandprinciplesprovide,thedataremainfragmented,random,disordered.”中文翻譯為：但在青少年掌握了概念和原則所提供的整體功能之前，數(shù)據(jù)仍然是零碎的、隨機的、無序的?！笨梢缘贸鯠項（中文含義：一場辯論，參與者分別認為聯(lián)邦政府應該支持私立學校，或不應該支持私立學校）是青少年比較難理解的。

5.推理判斷題。首先，根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文第二段第四句，將學校和教會作為組成政治體系的一個例子；然后，在該段第五、六句指出，青少年幼稚的政治知識源自對這一政治體系的不完全理解。由此可以推知，作者認為學校本身就是社會政治體系中的組成部分，學生從中可以學會理解這一體系，因此，B項正確。

10.單選題

I’msureyou’llagreethatwhenapersonisasambitiousasLiFei,noonecanstophimtoachievehiscareerobjectives.

問題1選項

A.you’llagreethat

B.whenaperson

C.can

D.toachieve

E.沒有問題

【答案】D

【解析】固定短語誤用。toachieve改為fromachieving。stopsb.todosth.讓某人停下來去做另一件事。stopsb.fromdoing阻止某人做某事。這里表示"阻止他實現(xiàn)職業(yè)目標"。

11.單選題

Donotbearmalicetowardhim;heisreallyagoodmanbynature.

問題1選項

A.malignancy

B.hospitality

C.meticulousness

D.mischievousness

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項malignancy“惡性（腫瘤等），惡意”，B項hospitality“好客，殷勤”，C項meticulousness“謹小慎微”，D項mischievousness“惡作劇”。句意：你們不可對他懷惡意，他真是一個本性善良的人。根據(jù)句意可知，malice在句中表示“惡意”。因此，該題選擇A項。

12.單選題

AstheclimateintheMiddleEastchangedbeginningaround7000B.C”conditionsemergedthatledtoamorecomplexandadvancedformofcivilizationinbothEgyptandoftheTigrisandEuphratesriversinMesopotamiabecamedrier,producingriver-sidelandsthatwerebothhabitableandfertile,andattractingsettlersarmedwiththenewlydevelopedtechniqueofagriculture.Thismigrationwasfurtherencouragedbythegradualtransformationoftheonce-hospitablegrasslandsoftheseregionsintodeserts.Humanpopulationbecameincreasinglyconcentratedintopocketsofsettlementscatteredalongthebanksofthegreatrivers.

Theriversprofoundlyshapedthewayoflifealongtheirbanks.InMesopotamia,themanagementofwaterinconditionsofunpredictabledrought,flood,andstormbecamethecentraleconomicandsocialchallenge.Villagersbeganearlytobuildsimpleearthworks,dikes,canals,andditchestocontrolthewatersandreducetheopposingdangersofdroughtduringthedryseason(usuallythespring)andfloodingattheharvesttime.

Sucheffortsrequiredadegreeofcooperationamongalargenumberofpeoplethathadnotpreviouslyexisted.Theindividualvillage,containingonlyadozenorsohousesandfamilies,waseconomicallyvulnerable;butwhenseveralvillages,probablyunderthedirectionsofacouncilofelders,learnedtosharetheirhumanresourcesinthebuildingofcoordinatednetworkofwater-controlsystems,thesafety,stability,andprosperityofallimproved.Inthisnewcooperation,theseedsofthegreatMesopotamiancivilizationswerebeingsown.

Technologicalandmathematicalinvention,too,werestimulatedbylifealongtherivers.Newdeviceswerefirstdevelopedhereforuseinirrigationsystems.Similarly,theearliestmethodsofmeasurementandcomputationandthefirstdevelopmentsingeometrywerestimulatedbytheneedtokeeptrackofland