遼寧省莊河市2020高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解摸底精練（1）

遼寧莊河市2020高考英語閱讀理解【二輪】摸底精練（1）【2020高考英語廣東省梅州市質(zhì)檢試卷】The ancient Egyptians appeared to be among the first early civilizations to learn how to grow roses. In 1888, at Hawara in the El Faiyum area of Egypt, two-thousand-year-old roses were found in ancient tombs. The discovery suggested roses were an important part of the complex burial ceremony which took place when an important person died. The roses found in the tombs are thought by modern experts to be the oldest preserved flowers ever found in the world. They must have been cut and dried before flowering so that they would remain undamaged. Over the centuries, the roses had shrunk and became tight balls, but on careful examination it was discovered that the petals (花瓣) themselves were hardly damaged.Egypts skill in mass-cultivation（大面積栽培）of roses in early times led to the flowers becoming an important export product. At the height of the Roman Empire, Egypt exported large quantities of roses to the Roman courts. Wealthy Romans loved the beautiful colors and sweet smells of roses. So the Romans attempted to grow their own roses and they eventually mastered the art of mass cultivation. Egypt then decided to concentrate on growing grain instead of roses, so grain soon took over as the number-one agricultural product of Egypt.Roses were appreciated in other early civilizations too, including Greece and Persia. They are a decorative feature on coins, sculpture, and vases dating back thousands of years. There is also evidence that roses were highly valued by the Chinese who believed that the flowers could be used to help treat a wide range of illnesses, from toothache to skin and chest diseases.In the modern world, the rose has not lost its popularity as the “Queen of Flowers” the name given to it by the Greek poetess Sappho. Even today more roses are sold than any other flower. Modern techniques have enabled people to create ever more beautiful roses. Transportation by air makes it possible to grow roses in countries with favorable climates and sell them within twenty-four hours in profitable markets all over the world. Tons of roses are transported this way every week. Roses from Ecuador, a country in northern South America, can be bought in Holland, even though that country itself has a huge rose-growing business.36. The roses discovered at Hawara in 1888 were _.A. buried about four thousand years ago B. cut after they floweredC. used to keep the dead body fresh D. finely preserved37. Grain replaced roses to become the number-one agricultural product of Egypt because _.A. the Egyptians showed less interest in rosesB. the competition in rose export became fierceC. the Romans could grow roses for themselvesD. grain was in great demand in the world market38. Paragraph 3 is developed mainly _.A. by cause and effect B. by order in spaceC. by order in time D. by examples39. With the example of roses from Ecuador, the author shows _.A. modern techniques help the cultivation of rosesB. air transport helps the rose trade worldwideC. roses grown in Ecuador are world-famousD. roses are sold more than any other flower40. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Queen of flowers B. History of growing rosesC. Big archeological discovery D. Rose trade around the world【參考答案】36-40 DCDBA本文是說明文。文章介紹了花中女王玫瑰。36. D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段的they would remain undamaged和the petals themselves were hardly damaged可知，這些出土的玫瑰保存完好。37. C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段的 So the Romans mastered the art of mass cultivation可知，羅馬人最終掌握了大面積栽培玫瑰的技術(shù)，不需要大量進(jìn)口埃及人的玫瑰了，因此埃及人把種植谷物放到了首位。38. D。寫作手法題。本段介紹了玫瑰在其他文明古國一樣受歡迎，列舉了玫瑰在希臘、波斯、中國的用途。39. B。推理判斷題。聯(lián)系上一句Transportation by air . all over the world可知，空運促成了玫瑰銷售的全球化。這個例子正是用來說明這一點。40. A。標(biāo)題歸納題。本文對玫瑰栽培的歷史和當(dāng)今玫瑰產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)行了簡要介紹。第四段提到了the “Queen of Flowers”，因此用A項作標(biāo)題十分恰當(dāng)。閱讀理解Chemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste. The amount of these chemicals has risen heavily in the past few years, as more areas of the world industrialize and new products are produced. Over 80,000 different chemicals are used in industries world-wide. Around the world hundreds of millions of tons of harmful waste are produced each year. Often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment.Every year, major health problems result from harmful waste. Sadly, it is often after someone has died or, become seriously ill that governments will take actions and reduce levels of dumped（傾倒的）harmful waste. In 1989, a school in New Jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure（暴露）to chromium（鉻）. It was later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area.Research has been done to provide information on the effects of every chemical. Because waste chemicals often mix together, it will also be necessary to learn how the combinations of these chemicals affect human health.Some governments have realized how serious the problem is and are making laws to get rid of harmful waste. They are also trying to limit the amount of waste industries are allowed to produce.Not only governments but the public as well must form part of the solution. They can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves. Many scientists think that waste production can be cut. The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.1. What is mainly discussed in the text?A. The effect of every chemical.B. Problems of harmful waste.C. Chemicals used for industrial processes.D. Events related to waste chemicals.答案解析：答案為B。本題為主旨大意題。文章先陳述工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中使用化學(xué)物產(chǎn)生的有害垃圾所導(dǎo)致的問題，并舉例證明，最后探討解決這一問題的方案。在第一段的首句 “Chemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste.”和最后一句 “Often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment.”都是在指出有害垃圾這一嚴(yán)峻的問題。故答案為B。2. From the text we know that .A. chromium can poison people when there is a windB. chromium pollution makes the local government close the schoolC. some governments dont realize how serious the problems are until people suffer a lot from harmful wasteD. about two-thirds of the waste can pollute the environment答案解析：答案為C。本題為細(xì)節(jié)推理題。從第二段的第三句話 “In 1989, a school in New Jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure（暴露）to chromium（鉻）.”可知，學(xué)校不得不被迫關(guān)閉是由于學(xué)生暴露在傾倒的垃圾鉻之中，生命受到了威脅，故答案為C “ 直到人們飽受有害廢棄垃圾的危害，政府才意識到問題的嚴(yán)重性。B選項只是文章的細(xì)節(jié)，屬于表面現(xiàn)象；C選項真正概括了問題的本質(zhì)，是通過細(xì)節(jié)推理出的總結(jié)性答案。故選C。從第二段的最后一句話 “It was later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area.”可知，鉻威脅著人的生命是由于 “dumped nearby and blown over” 即 “傾倒而被風(fēng)吹拂”, 而不僅僅由于風(fēng)，故A選項錯誤。D選項與文章最后一句話 “The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.”不符。3. Which of the following least matches the solution the writer refers to?A. Chemicals used for industrial processes should be banned.B. People can make use of the existing technologies and methods to reduce the waste.C. Policymakers make laws to limit the production of harmful waste.D. People choose not to buy products which may produce harmful waste.答案解析：答案為A。本題考查作者的觀點態(tài)度。解答此題需看清題意 “哪個選項與作者提到的解決方案最不匹配?” 從文章的最后一段最后一句話 “The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.” 可知，B選項正確；從最后一段 “They can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves.” 可知，作者的態(tài)度是號召政府與公眾不買生產(chǎn)有害垃圾的產(chǎn)品；政策制定者可以生產(chǎn)較少的有害垃圾，而非禁止工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中使用化學(xué)物品。故C、D是正確的，A選項與作者的態(tài)度最不匹配。4. The writer of the text thinks that .A. governments should have forbidden the production of waste chemicalsB. mixed waste chemicals can always be stored without endangering peopleC. industries must not produce waste chemicals which harm people so muchD. everyone can do something to help solve the problem of waste chemicals答案解析：答案為D。本題考查作者的觀點態(tài)度。結(jié)合上題分析，作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該限制和減少有害化學(xué)物的生產(chǎn)，而不是A選項的禁止，也不是C選項的不允許生產(chǎn)，故A、C不正確；B選項在文章中未提及， always 一詞也使得該選項太絕對，故不選。只有D選項才是作者的觀點：人人都可以幫助解決有害化學(xué)物的問題。故答案為D。閱讀理解-AJoan Chen is famous both in China, where she grew up, and in the United States，where she now lives. How did Joan become a famous actress in two countries? Its an interesting story.Joan Chen was born in Shanghai in 1961. When she was 14, some people from a film studio (制片廠) came to her school and chose her to study at the studio. She was happy about this chance, but mainly she liked the idea of getting out of school. Soon, however she discovered that she really liked acting. At age 18, she won the Golden Rooster, Chinas top film prize.In the late 1970s, Joans parents, who were doctors, moved to the United States. Joan joined them when she was 20 and went to college there. Her parents hoped she would study medicine. Instead, she majored in film and later looked for work as an actress. To work in the United States, Joan had to start all over again. She told Hollywood that she was an actress in China, but she only got some small parts in TV shows.One day Joan went to speak to a director who was making a movie called Tai - pan. The interview didnt go well. As she walked away, a man in a car noticed her. The man was Dino DeLaurntiis, the films producer. He immediately offered her a leading part. A year later, she started in Bernardo Bertoluccis The Last Emperor and was on her way to worldwide fame.1. What was turn about Joan Chen when she was 14?A. Some people came to her school and chose her as an actress.B. She liked to study at the studio just because she wanted to be famous.C. The most important reason for her going to the studio was that she wouldnt like to stay at school.D. She found she was fond of acting even before she was 14.答案解析：答案為C。本題為細(xì)節(jié)推理題。由第二段 “When she was 14, some people from a film studio came to her school and chose her to study at the studio”可知，A錯誤；由 “but mainly she liked the idea of getting out of school”可以推斷，她不喜歡呆在學(xué)校, 故B選項不正確，C選項正確；由 “Soon, however she discovered that she really liked acting.” 可知，D選項錯誤。2. When did she move to the States?A. In the late 1970s. B. After she graduated from college.C. In the late 1980s. D. In the early 1980s.答案解析：答案為D。本題為數(shù)字計算題。由第三段的第一、二句 “In the late 1970s, Joans parents, who were doctors, moved to the United States. Joan joined them when she was 20 and went to college there.”可以推斷，1961年出生的Joan Chen，20歲去美國上大學(xué)，此時應(yīng)該是1981年，故答案為D。3. The interview with a director _.A. made her on the way to being famous in the worldB. led to no immediate good resultC. made her play a leading part in Tai - panD. gave her a chance to act in The Last Emperor答案解析：答案為B。本題為推斷題。從最后一段 “The interview didnt go well.” 可知， C選項不正確；由 “He immediately offered her a leading part. A year later, she started in Bernardo Bertoluccis The Last Emperor and was on her way to worldwide fame.”可知，Joan Chen出演主角是在一年后，并開始走向世界范圍內(nèi)的成功之路，故A，D不正確；答案為B ，參加director的面試并沒立刻產(chǎn)生好的效果?！?020高考英語廣東省梅州市質(zhì)檢試卷】DAustralian cities can keep their native wildlife but only if they can kick their habit of urban sprawl (無計劃的擴(kuò)展). Thats the finding of a new study by leading Australian environmental researchers Jessica Sushinsky, Professor Hugh Possingham and Dr Richard Fuller of The University of Queensland.“While urban development usually reduces the number of birds in a city, building more compact (緊湊的) cities and avoiding urban sprawl can slow these reductions greatly,” says lead author Jessica Sushinsky. “Compact housing development leaves birds homes untouched, leading to fewer losses of birds.”The researchers surveyed native and wild birds in Brisbanes urban areas, including living and industrial areas, public parks and gardens, major roadways and airports. They then used statistical modeling to find out what will happen to the birds as the city grows. The first setting was compact growth where multiple homes are built on land that previously had only one house. The second setting was sprawling growth a familiar pattern where homes are built here and there beyond the citys current boundaries.The teams forecasts showed that a much greater diversity of species was lost over 20 years in the sprawling setting compared to the more compact setting. “Urban sprawl resulted in the disappearance of many urban-sensitive birds birds that only live in areas where there is native vegetation (植被), such as parklands and woodlands,” Ms Sushinsky says.“On the other hand, we found the city with the compact development attracted more birds because it kept more of its parks and green areas.”Now the Queensland Government has adopted the more compact urban growth strategy, which, Dr Richard Fuller says, is good news for Australias native birds. These birds are environmental specialists they need a particular environment to do well. “While compact development means smaller backyards, it can also make our entire cities more biodiverse,” according to Dr Fuller. “The study shows that we should hold on to our green spaces instead of clearing them for sprawling development.”This is the first time science has modeled the effects of different urban growth strategies on birds, the researchers say. “Statistical models like these are important because they help us to understand the ecological consequences of a particular decision,” says Dr Fuller.41. The study deals with the relationship between _.A. city development and birds B. the environment and birdsC. humans and wildlife D. climate and wildlife42. Why is compact urban growth better than the sprawling strategy?A. It makes the cities more beautiful. B. It gives people larger backyards.C