英語修辭手法

1、英語修辭手法analogy 類比apostrophe 頓呼paradox似非而是的雋語pun雙關(guān)語Parallelism 平行personification 擬人Hyperbole 夸張 onomatopoeia 擬聲 sarcasm諷刺ridicule and rony反語 三種修辭的區(qū)別 Ridicule奚落 諷刺它和 Sarcasm（目的是 hurt）不同的是.ridicule 的目的是 unkindly make fun of.例句:v震驚世界的審判:Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted. Resolutely he stroe to the

2、stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies. sarcasm 諷刺是指用尖酸刻薄的話對個人的缺點、過失、社會的丑惡現(xiàn)象或黑暗而進行譏諷、挖苦，常是 有意地傷害他人的感情，所以常含有較強的貶義。例如：He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant, and it is a mighty strong combination. 他 之所以站在這里（被告席上），是因為無知和偏見猖獗，而且形成了一股強大的勢力。Frankly, I have been accustom

3、ed to regard your President as a statesman whose mouth was the most efficient part of his head. He cannot have thought of it （the idea） himself. Who suggested it to him?坦率地說，我一貫把你們的總統(tǒng)看作政治家，他的嘴是他頭上最能干的器官。他本人是 想不出這個主意的.是誰向他提出的？（以上用直敘法來諷刺） irony反語字面意思相異或相反例如：littleJohn打碎了花瓶,他母親告訴他爸爸他爸爸說了一句：he did a goo

4、d thing ! Innuendo 暗諷Innuendo and irony differ from each other. With irony, the intended meaning is explicit: it is expressed by the opposite of the literal meaning of the word used. In contrast, with innuendo, the intended meaning is implicit and the understanding of it depends on the context. That

5、 s why innuendo is also called “ a mild irony” . Compare the innuendo remarks with the plain statement in thebrackets. simile 明喻用比喻詞 like, as, as if, as though 等This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.這頭象和任何人見到的一樣像一條蛇。 met叩hor隱喻，暗喻這種比喻不通過比喻詞進行，而是直接將用事物當(dāng)作乙事物來描寫The diamond department was the

6、heart and center of the store.鉆石部是商店的心臟和核心。 synecdoche提喻 又稱舉隅法，主要特點是局部代表全體，或以全體喻指部分，或以 抽象代具體，或以具體代抽象。例如：1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.長城不僅是用石頭和土建造的，而且是用幾百萬人的血和肉建成的。句中的“the flesh and blood喻為the great sacrifice”（巨大的犧牲）2、”saying tl

7、iat it was the most beautifiil tongue in the world.他說這是世界上最美的語言。這里用具體的“tongue”代替抽象的“l(fā)anguage”。4、 Many eyes turned to a tall,2O-year black girl on the U.S. team.很多人將眼光投向美國隊一個高高的2 0歲的黑姑娘。這里的“many eyes”代替了 “many persons”。 metonymy轉(zhuǎn)喻/換喻/借喻/借代轉(zhuǎn)喻是指當(dāng)甲事物同乙事物不相類似，但有密切關(guān)系時，可以利用這種關(guān)系，以乙事物的 名稱來取代甲事物，這樣的一種修辭手段.又，換

8、喻，轉(zhuǎn)喻：一種一個詞或詞組被另一個與之有緊密聯(lián)系的詞或詞組替換的修辭方法， 如用華盛頓代替美政府或用劍代替軍事力量A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power.例LThe kettle boils,壺水開。（用 the kettle

9、 壺,表示 the water in the kettle 壺水）2 .He is fond of the bottle他喜歡喝酒。（用bottle裝酒的瓶子，表示wine酒）3 .Grey hairs should be respected.老人應(yīng)受到尊重。（用 grey hairs 白發(fā)，表示 old people 老人）4 .The pen is mightier than the sword.筆要比劍更鋒利 （用 pen 筆，表示 article 文章）5.1 am reading Lu Hsun.我在讀魯迅的作品 （用Lu Hsun魯迅，表示Lu Hsun*s works魯迅的 作品

10、） rhetorical repetition 疊言在特定的語境中，將相同的結(jié)構(gòu)，相同意義詞組成句子重疊使用，以增強語氣和力量。1、It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious manmade destiny.它必須用我們這些對于未來，對于人類以及人類自己創(chuàng)造的偉大命運具有信心的人的鮮 血和汗水去創(chuàng)造。2、. Because good technique in medicine and surgery

11、 means more quickly-cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.因為優(yōu)良的醫(yī)療技術(shù)和外科手術(shù)意味著更快地治療病人，更少痛苦，更少不安，更少死 亡，更少疾病，和更少殘廢。 synesthesia 通感Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested.有些書是應(yīng)當(dāng)嘗嘗滋味的，有些書是應(yīng)當(dāng)吞下去的，有少數(shù)書是應(yīng)當(dāng)咀嚼和消

12、化的。書是“嘗”不出味道的，也是不能“吃”下去將其“消化”掉的。這里把讀書中的精讀和泛讀, 閱讀欣賞與吸收知識的感受，用味覺功能和消化功能來表示，心理感受是如此逼真和奇特。 alliteration 頭韻法在文句中有兩個以上連結(jié)在一起的詞或詞組，其開頭的音行有同樣的字母或聲音，以增強語 言的 在奏感e The repetition of the same or similar sounds at the beginning of words1. What would the world be. once bereft/Of wet and wildness?,52. How and why h

13、e had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.他如何和為什么來到新澤西州的普林斯頓是一個充滿奮斗、成功和令人傷心的一段經(jīng)歷。 oxymoron矛盾修飾法例子1 .a clever fool聰明的傻瓜2 .a victorious defeat 勝利的失敗3 .cruel kindness殘酷的仁慈4 .expressionless expression 亳無表情的表情5 .sick health憔悴的健康6 .a living death 行尸走肉7 .with careful

14、carelessness小心翼翼又漫不經(jīng)心地8 .bright and dark既光彩奪目，又朦朧黑暗9 .dove-feather, d raven披著白鴿羽毛的烏鴉10 .with her disagreeably pleasant laugh （她）自鳴得意卻令人討厭地笑起來11 .an honorable villain 體面的惡棍12 .There was an audible stillness, in which the common voice sounded strange.（from Sister Carrie by Tlieodore Dreiser）這時是一片聽得見的寂

15、靜，連人聲聽起來都是異樣的。（選自美國作家西奧多德萊塞的長篇 小說嘉莉妹妹）（作者用audible來修飾stillness,匠心獨具地從反而烘托環(huán)境，使人耳目 一新，過目難忘。矛盾的對立而取得了高度的一致，形成了完美的統(tǒng)一。） transferred Epithet 轉(zhuǎn)類形容詞 Hypallage （移就）的一種transferred Epithet is the rhetorical device in which a modifier, usually an adjective, is applied to the “wrong” word in the sentence. The wor

16、d whose modifier is thus displaced can either be actually present in the sentence, or it can be implied logically. For example: The plowman homeward plods his weary way, / And leaves the world to darkness and to me” （Thomas Gray, Tlegy Written in a Country Churchyard11） Weary way is a hypallage: it

17、is the plowman, not the way, that is weary.“restless nighf The night was not restless, but the person who was awake through it was.（不寧之夜）happy morning Mornings have no feelings, but the people who are awake through them do.（快樂的清晨）“female prison,1 Prisons do not have genders, but the people who are i

18、nside them do. ,condemned cell” It is not the cell that is condemned, but the person who is inside it. careless error* The error is not careless, but the person who commits it is. zeugma 規(guī)式修飾法句式結(jié)構(gòu)一致，然而在文意上有明顯差別的一種修飾方法。similar syntactic but different semantic relationships between words例如：她的眼中流淌著眼淚，也

19、流露著無奈。e.g.: She plunged into privileged intimacy and into the middle of the room; antithesis 對照A figure of speech in which words and phrases with opposite meanings are balanced against each other. An example of antithesis is “To err is human, to forgive, divine.” （Alexander Pope） climax 漸進In rhetoric, is a figure of speech, in which words, phrases, or clauses are arranged in order of increasing importance.Examples:“There are three things that will endure: faith, hope, and love. But the greatest of these is love? 1 Corinthians 13:13Ml think w