重要的短語、句型和慣用法

1、重要的短語、句型和慣用法 1.There be 結(jié)構(gòu) a.這是英語中常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某地有某物”其含義為“存在有”。 There are twenty girls in our class. * have也解釋為“有”但是與there be有區(qū)別，它的含義是“所有，屬有”，其主 語為某人。I have a nice watch. b. There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動(dòng)詞要和后面所跟名詞保持一致。 c. There is a river near our school. 特： How many rivers are there near our school? Whats near our

2、 school? d. there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來時(shí)，同學(xué)們較難掌握，其正確形式為： There is going to be e.反意疑問句的構(gòu)成：There is no water in the glass, is there? There is going to _ a football match this afternoon. A. have B. watch C. be D. play They were sure that they were going to _ a rest. A. be B. have C. be on D. on 2.so, neither引導(dǎo)的倒裝

3、句,為了避免和前一句話的內(nèi)容重復(fù)，英語中習(xí)慣用so, neither引導(dǎo)的倒裝句。 a. So + be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語。表示某人也是如此。 - Mike has bought some foreign stamps. - So has Bob.=Bob has bought some, too. b. Neither + be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語，表示某人也不。 - Mother has never been to Japan. - Neither has Father.= Father has never been to Japan, either. c. S o主語be/助動(dòng)詞

4、/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。表示果真如此(贊同), 請(qǐng)同學(xué)們與a.區(qū)別。 - Mike is right in the classroom. - So he is.= Yes, he is really in the class room. 3.Its+時(shí)間+since 動(dòng)詞過去式。自從.起已有.時(shí)間了。 Its two weeks since we met last.(自從我們上次見面已有兩個(gè)星期了) How long is it since we left Beijing?(自從我們離開北京已有多久了 4. (1) 祈使句 + and (那么). Go straight on and youll see

5、a school. =If you go straight on, youll see a school. (2) 祈使句 + or.否則. Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students. =If you dont work hard, youll fall behind the other 13.find it +形容詞+to do I find it useful to learn English well. (我發(fā)覺學(xué)好英語是很有用的) find +賓語 +名詞 I find him a good boy. (我發(fā)現(xiàn)他是個(gè)好男

6、孩.) find +賓語 +形容詞 I find the door open/closed. (我發(fā)現(xiàn)門開/關(guān)著) I find our bags filled with/full of presents. (我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的包裝滿了禮物) find +賓語 +doing I found an old man lying outside just now. find +賓語 + done I opened my schoolbag and found the keys left in the classroom. 14.I dont think+肯定句 我想.不 I dont think Ill

7、take it. (我想我不買它了) 請(qǐng)注意:中文意思否定在從句中,但是英語的表達(dá)否定在主句中。 15.(1) prefer A to B = like A better than B 喜歡A勝過B. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than chicken (2) prefer doing A to doing B I prefer reading to watching TV. (3) prefer to do A rather than do B He prefers to play soccer rather than sta

8、y in front of his PC.16.had better do sth. 最好干某事. 否定:had better not do sth. Youd better catch a train. Youd better not talk in class. Youd better not be late for the class. 特別注意: had better后面跟be動(dòng)詞詞組,不可漏掉be. 17.(1) It is adj. of+ 賓格+to do sth. It is very good of you to teach me English. (這里good描述you

9、) (2) It is adj. for sb. to do sth. Its difficult for him to work out this math problem. (這里difficult描述to work out this math problem)18.(1)It takes sb. some time to do sth.(干某事化費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間) =sb. spend some time on sth. (in) doing sth. It took me half an hour to do the work. =I spent half an hour in doin

10、g the work. . (2)sb. pay 錢 for 物 某物化費(fèi)了某人多少錢 (3)sb. spend 錢 on 物 (4)sth. cost sb.錢 I paid thirty yuan for the coat. ( * pay的過去式為paid 而不是payed.) =I spent thirty yuan on the coat. =The coat cost me thirty yuan. 19. have been to 某人曾去過某地(現(xiàn)在人不在那兒) have been in +地點(diǎn) 某人呆在某地(一段時(shí)間) have gone to 某人已去某地(人不在說話現(xiàn)場(chǎng))

11、 20.Whats the population of .? .人口有多少？ 不說How much population in.? 指人口數(shù)量的大小用large / small The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA。21. too形容詞(副詞)+to太而不能 太以致于不 The basket is too heavy for me to carry. 這籃子太重我拿不動(dòng)。 This color TV is too expensive for us to buy. 這臺(tái)彩電對(duì)我們來說太貴了，買不起。 so

12、.that 如此.以致于.上面的too.to結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，可以換成so.that 引 導(dǎo)的句子轉(zhuǎn)換。 The basket is so heavy that I cant carry it. This color TV is so expensive that we cant afford it. 22.not.until 直到才 (開始） He says that he wont be free until tomorrow. 他說他需到明天方才有空。 肯定句until 到（終止） Youd better wait until tomorrow. (你最好等到明天) 23.neither.no

13、r. 既不.也不. either.or. 或者.或者. (謂語動(dòng)詞就近原則) Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word hundred. Either you or she is right. both.and. 兩者都. Both Jim and I are in Grade One (主語看作復(fù)數(shù))Have 的兩種特殊句型have是英語中最活躍的動(dòng)詞之一，它與不同的詞搭配表示不同的意思。如：have a meeting（開會(huì)），have a rest（休息），have a class（上課）等。你可知道have構(gòu)成的兩種

14、特殊句型嗎？不看不知道，一看就明了。1havesb.do sth. 該句型中作主語的“人或物”讓作賓語的“人或物”去做某事。 此時(shí)的賓語與省略to的不定式（賓語補(bǔ)足語）之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系如： I would have you buy a new bike 我想讓你買輛新自行車。 We cant have the car stop 我們無法讓汽車停下來。2havesb./ sth.done 該句型中作主語的“人或物”讓作賓語的“人或物”被。 此時(shí)的賓語與過去分詞（賓語補(bǔ)足語）之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如： Ill have my hair cut tomorrow我明天要理發(fā)。 They ha

15、ve just had their car repaired他們剛找人把車修理了一下。 注意：大多數(shù)情況下，這兩種句型之間可以互換。如： 1）He had me wash the table clothHe had the table cloth washed 2) The man had the bike mended The man had someone mend the bike。練習(xí)：根據(jù)漢語意思，完成英語句子，每空一詞。 1你應(yīng)該找人建一座房子。 You should have someonea house You should have a house 2現(xiàn)在我們請(qǐng)下一位演講者到

16、前面來。 Now well have the next speakerto the front 3你必須讓人把這些書送到教室去。 You must have these books to the classroom 1.-Where is Mary? -Oh, she _ the library. A. has gone to B. went to C. has been to D. had gone to 2.He knew little about the film _ he saw it yesterday evening. A. if B. since C. until D. beca

17、use 3.I_ change his mind. Dont worry, Hell surely come to get it. A. think he wont B. think he will C. dont think he wont D. dont think he will 4.- _do you_ the TV play? - Not bad, I think. A. How; think of B. What; like C. How; like D. What; think 5. I _ have a good time _ the party. A. hope you wi

18、ll; at B. like you; on C. hope you to ;in D. want you that; from 練習(xí)題： 完成句子： 1.中國有多少人口？中國的人口大約是世界人口的四分之一。 _ the population of China? Its about _ _ of the worlds population. 2.門鈴一直響著，直到門被林濤打開才停。 The doorbell _ _until the door was opened by Lin Tao. 3.午飯后他休息了一會(huì)兒，我也休息了一會(huì)兒。 He had a short rest after lunch, and _ _ I. 4.史密斯夫婦離開他們的家鄉(xiāng)已有十多年時(shí)間了。 _ more than ten years _ Mr and Mrs Smith left their home town. 5.公共汽車?yán)飻D得幾乎連站的地方都沒有. The bus was_ crowded that there was hardly _ standing room in it. 思考題： 1、做飯花了她半個(gè)小時(shí)。 It _ _ half an hour _ _ some cooki