市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷外文翻譯

1、市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷外文翻譯The financial crisis on the impact of SMEs in China and Countermeasures By the . sub-prime crisis triggered by the financial crisis spread to all areas of the world, has not only the financial crisis, but a history of rare and strong impact on the world Economic crisis. Integration into the

2、world economy, China has also been greatly affected, especially SMEs. Since the reform and opening up, small and medium enterprises developed rapidly, China's industrial restructuring, to ease the employment pressure, technological innovation, promoting Economic growth has played a very importan

3、t role, but this time the economic crisis of the majority of SMEs have been facing crisis of survival, if you do not have a high degree of attention and to take effective measures, it may cause greater volatility in the national economy, the threat to build a harmonious society. This article will br

4、ief analysis of the financial crisis on the impact of China's small and medium enterprises and to propose measures to bail out small and medium enterprises in order to be helpful. The financial crisis on China's enterprises, especially SMEs, is a very serious impact, resulting in a lot of SM

5、Es are forced to cease operation or even bankruptcy. (1) market decline in aggregate demand, sales of small and medium enterprises affected. The financial crisis had a direct impact on SMEs is a decline in export volume. The sub-prime crisis in the world economic recession, decline in international

6、demand, China's SMEs, exports, reduction in export trade, which makes for a relatively high dependence on foreign markets, export-oriented small and medium enterprises in the production declines, the profit decline in the state, especially in the eastern coastal many enterprises have been cut, l

7、ayoffs or even close. There are also turning to SMEs in the domestic market, in fact, depressed foreign markets, while domestic demand is declining, due to: the impact of economic transmission mechanism, the financial crisis has led to the stock market downturn and a decline in corporate profitabili

8、ty, is also a corresponding reduction in income the purchase of desire is not wang. On the other hand, from the financial crisis for the world economy creates a fear of mind to consumers, in order to take preventive measures, they try to curb government spending and reduce consumption. These have le

9、d to the difficult situation of domestic-based small and medium enterprises, or even bankruptcy. Reduction in the face of market share, increasing competition among enterprises on the market the product even more serious oversupply of lower prices, corporate profit margins shrink, survival more diff

10、icult. (2) The increase in cost, small and medium enterprises be further squeezed profit margins. First of all, in recent years, raw materials and energy prices overall rose substantially higher prices for agricultural products, leading to increased production costs of SMEs; Second, the new 'Lab

11、or Contract Law' demand for workers on foot 3 business insurance, payment overtime, which is no doubt regulated employment system, and improving the income of the workers and safeguard the basic rights of workers, but on the other hand, this will also increase their labor costs and make Enterpri

12、se Management more difficult; again, due to environmental degradation, governments at all levels also increased environmental management efforts to require companies waste water treatment, exhaust gas recycling purification, for non-compliance emissions, polluting enterprises to adopt a deadline for

13、 correction according to law, and other measures, which also forced the The costs for enterprises to improve the environment. At the same time as the prices of production factors, enterprises pay for the cost of land use is also increasing. (3) SME financing difficulties. In recent years, SMEs wides

14、pread system is not sound Financial Management was not standardized, low mortgage guarantee agencies, Information opaque, such phenomena as lack of credit, resulting in difficulties in obtaining bank loans for SMEs, financing channels less difficult, insufficient funds, which SME Development has bee

15、n troubled by a major 'bottleneck'. With the advent of the financial crisis, this issue become more prominent. In the context of world economic recession, SMEs operating difficulties, increased credit risk, banks in order to reduce the risk of their own to raise the threshold for lending to

16、SMEs, lending amount is declining, which makes it more difficult for the financing of SMEs. Although countries have introduced financial institutions to increase credit support for SMEs policy, but because of the credit market Information asymmetry caused by the 'adverse selection' and the m

17、oral hazard problem would make the bank is limited enforcement of these policies. In addition, the advent of the financial crisis, the decline in aggregate demand, domestic and international markets, raw materials and energy costs, corporate profit margins narrow, with the result of internal financi

18、ng capacity of small and medium enterprises also dropped significantly. Small and medium enterprises to promote China's economic development has an important role in helping small and medium enterprises out of difficulty, the Government is duty-bound, to come from the following aspects: First of

19、 all, to improve the financing environment for SMEs to increase policy support. Local governments can finance through the creation of a special fund to develop small business loan interest subsidy system; the establishment of SME credit risks and increase the compensation funds, to increase loans to

20、 SMEs financial institutions to give appropriate compensation; perfect the security system and establish a security risk compensation mechanism, to reduce Small secured loan interest rate, increase the amount small secured loans; got the right to make good use private capital to expand the financing

21、 channels; to strengthen and improve the services for SMEs, to establish and improve social service system for SMEs. Second, relevant government departments should guide scientific Research institutes, colleges and universities with the SMEs 'production and research' combination of technolog

22、ical Innovation for SMEs to provide credit support to facilitate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Government policy is helping SMEs to cope with the financial crisis, external causes, the SME's own forces are internal, according to philosophical principles we can

23、see that external and internal factors must play a role, but play a decisive role in internal and external causes by internal factors play a role. Therefore, SMEs can not simply rely on the Government introduced a large number of policies to deal with the financial crisis, SMEs play a decisive role

24、in the survival or the enterprise's own strength, SMEs must take measures on their own, actively respond to the crisis. (1) reaffirm our confidence. To overcome the financial crisis, should first of all confidence, clarify development ideas. As Premier Wen put it, before the crisis, confidence i

25、s more important than gold and currency, confidence is a source of strength to overcome the crisis. (2) seize the opportunity. First of all, use good policy. In order to maintain rapid and sound economic development, expanding domestic demand, the Government has stepped up its efforts to support SME

26、s in 2008, since the state has adopted a series of policies conducive to the development of SMEs. If the mitigation aspects of SME financing difficulties, encouraging financial institutions to steadily increase the proportion of SME lending and the recognition of the legalization of private lending,

27、 etc.; in improving the financing environment, the PBOC promulgated the 'on further improvement of the views of financial services for SMEs' and 'on strengthening and improving the guidance of financial services for SMEs' and so on; in expanding domestic demand, encourage transformat

28、ion and upgrading of processing trade enterprises and stability of capital markets. Make good use of these policies will help small and medium enterprises out of difficulties. Reposted elsewhere in the paper for free download Second, to attract talent. Financial crisis occurred in developed countrie

29、s have laid off a number of large enterprises, which for our small and medium enterprises to attract foreign high-end talents and provide opportunities for overseas students; the same time, the financial turmoil on China's trade, finance and other industries affected relatively large, many of th

30、ese industries enterprises are lower, and layoffs or bankruptcy, some or all of these enterprises need to re-career personnel, employment pressures, which for our small and medium enterprises to introduce low-cost, high-level managerial talent and financial talent to create opportunities. SMEs shoul

31、d seize this opportunity, reserve personnel, in order to lay a solid foundation for future development. Again, within the framework of a global industrial restructuring opportunities. Europe and the United States and other developed economies affected by financial crisis relatively large, in order t

32、o cushion the slump in the domestic economy against the adverse effects of the manufacturing sector, the manufacturing sector in these countries is bound to transfer to developing countries, for China to become the world's largest manufacturing base with a come to a historic opportunity for deve

33、lopment. China's small and medium enterprises should seize this opportunity to actively respond to and seek more funds intermediation, merger or acquisition of foreign scientific Research institutions, the upstream raw material supply enterprises and downstream product sales business, efforts to

34、 improve the technological content of products, reduce production costs, increase its global market share of sales and enhance China become the world 'manufacturing hub' status. Finally, the industrial upgrading opportunities. The financial crisis, labor-intensive, management is poor, the ne

35、t production of low value-added processing of primary products or production-oriented enterprises be a major shock, facing the threat of closing or closed down, which forced some enterprises to strengthen management and technical innovation, to upgrade the Industry structure of level, taking product

36、 upgrading, winning by quality intensive type business model. At the same time, countries to enhance high-tech products to deep processing of agricultural products as raw materials for export tax rebate rate, reduced or eliminated coal, steel and other resources of value-added products is not high,

37、the export tax rebate rate, which also forced a number of primary products processing enterprises the positive development of production of high-tech products, accelerate industrial restructuring and upgrading, upgrade the structure of export products and expand exports of hi-tech products and striv

38、e to enjoy the benefits of the export tax rebate policy. (3) strengthening internal management and enterprises for independent innovation. First of all, we should strengthen management and improve operational efficiency. May take the following specific measures: to retain the best employees, enhance

39、 the exchange of ordinary employees, motivate and keep employees motivated, in-house to create a strong cohesive force, improve production efficiency; strengthen their internal management, and build an efficient organization structure, cutting management layers and links, and lower administrative co

40、sts; the introduction of specialized production, reduce operating costs of production in order to save money; right to dispose of idle assets to reduce asset loss, but also increase the capital reserves. Secondly, we must increase R & D investment, foster innovation. Production skills on sta

41、ff training and training to develop staff's sense of Innovation and the establishment of innovative mechanisms to motivate staff, encourage staff to carry out technological innovations, forming their own unique core technology; the use of new Technology Research and development of new products a

42、nd promote upgrading of products and take the brand development path, to improve the visibility of companies; on service innovation, build first-class service system and improve the corporate reputation. (4) make full use of the Internet, to establish a suitable model of network marketing. With the

43、widespread use of the Internet, people in online shopping has become a fashion, which for the network to create the conditions for the emergence of marketing. Internet marketing, low cost, quick, is to boost sales in an effective way. SMEs should be based on characteristics of their products, custom

44、er demand for Population characteristics, to establish a suitable model of the enterprise's network marketing. (5) SME joint between horizontal or vertical will help enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. SMEs, due to management, technology, capital and so there are more disadvantages of go

45、ing it alone is difficult to compete too large enterprises, so in order to improve competitiveness and enhance strength, producing the same or similar products, enterprises and enterprises upstream and downstream of the , are all can be horizontal or vertical, so that is conducive to the formation o

46、f economies of scale, lower transaction costs, reduce management costs and production costs, improve efficiency, avoid price wars and malicious competition; but also help to improve operational capability of enterprises, financing capability, science and Technology Innovation ability and management

47、level, enhance their ability to withstand the crisis. In the economic globalization, China will inevitably be drawn into the financial crisis, in which Chinese SMEs have been hit is quite large. SMEs in order to successfully tide over the difficulties, in addition to helping the government, SMEs the

48、mselves also need to strengthen confidence, seize opportunities, improve enterprise capability of independent innovation and establish an appropriate network Marketing model lateral vertically integrated companies, only to take these measures will be useful in the context of the financial crisis to

49、survive and develop, can we remain invincible in the fierce competition in order to achieve the post-crisis grow. References1 Wu Qun: 'The global financial crisis environment for SME development Analysis' J;' Nanjing Institute of Politics Journal of '2008 (6): 43. 2 Zhanbi English: &

50、#39;on the global financial crisis on the impact of private enterprises and coping thinking' J; 'Central Institute of Socialism Journal of '2009 (2): 77. 3 Feng-Ying Zhang: 'Financial crisis SME Marketing Strategy' J; 'academic papers on '2009 (13): 15. Reposted elsewhere

51、 in the paper for free download金融危機(jī)中國(guó)的中小企業(yè)的影響及對(duì)策由美國(guó)次貸危機(jī)引發(fā)并蔓延到世界所有地區(qū)的金融危機(jī)，不僅是金融危機(jī)，更是一種世界歷史罕見的強(qiáng)烈影響和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。同時(shí)，對(duì)于中國(guó)融入世界經(jīng)濟(jì)，也受到很大影響，尤其是中小型企業(yè)。自改革開放以來(lái)，中國(guó)的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整使得中小型企業(yè)迅速發(fā)展，并在緩解就業(yè)壓力，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)等方面都起到了非常重要的作用，但這個(gè)時(shí)候，中小企業(yè)大多數(shù)已面臨生存危機(jī)，如果沒有高度重視，并采取有效措施，將可能造成更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)。本文將簡(jiǎn)要分析金融危機(jī)對(duì)中國(guó)中小企業(yè)的影響，并提出一些措施來(lái)拯救中小型企業(yè)。金融危機(jī)對(duì)中國(guó)的企業(yè)，尤其是

52、對(duì)中小型企業(yè)是一個(gè)非常嚴(yán)重的影響，造成了不少中小型企業(yè)被迫停業(yè)，甚至破產(chǎn)。 （1）市場(chǎng)總需求下降，影響中小型企業(yè)銷售。 金融危機(jī)對(duì)中小企業(yè)的直接影響是出口量下降。在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的情況下，需求下降導(dǎo)致中國(guó)的中小企業(yè)將要減少出口貿(mào)易，出口型企業(yè)面向中小企業(yè)的利潤(rùn)下降，特別是在東部沿海許多企業(yè)，已經(jīng)在削減，裁員，甚至關(guān)閉。也有中小型企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)向國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)。事實(shí)上，國(guó)外市場(chǎng)低迷也會(huì)導(dǎo)致國(guó)內(nèi)需求下降，原因是：經(jīng)濟(jì)傳輸機(jī)制的影響，金融危機(jī)導(dǎo)致股市低迷和企業(yè)盈利能力下降，也是一個(gè)相對(duì)減少購(gòu)買欲的重要因素。另一方面，為了消除金融危機(jī)帶給消費(fèi)者的心理恐懼，他們?cè)噲D遏制政府開支和減少消費(fèi)。這些導(dǎo)致國(guó)內(nèi)的中小型企業(yè)更難生

53、存，甚至可能破產(chǎn)。面對(duì)市場(chǎng)份額的減少，企業(yè)之間日益激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)使得市場(chǎng)上價(jià)格較低的產(chǎn)品嚴(yán)重供過(guò)于求，企業(yè)利潤(rùn)率也在縮減，生存更加困難。 （2）企業(yè)成本在增加，中小企業(yè)進(jìn)一步擠壓利潤(rùn)率。 首先，近年來(lái)原材料和能源價(jià)格總體上漲，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格大幅度提高，導(dǎo)致中小企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)成本增加；其次，新的勞動(dòng)合同法要求商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)為職工，支付加班費(fèi)，這是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)規(guī)范用工制度，提高工人的收入和保障工人的基本權(quán)利，但在另一方面，這也將增加他們的勞動(dòng)成本，使企業(yè)管理更加困難；再次，由于環(huán)境退化，各級(jí)政府增加了環(huán)境管理力度，要求企業(yè)廢水處理，廢氣回收凈化排放，對(duì)不遵守繼續(xù)污染的企業(yè)采取限期改正，并依法采取其他措施改善環(huán)境，這也迫

54、使企業(yè)的成本增加。在生產(chǎn)要素價(jià)格不變的情狀況下，企業(yè)支付的土地使用成本也越來(lái)越多。 （3）中小企業(yè)融資困難。 近年來(lái)，中小企業(yè)普遍存在制度不健全、財(cái)務(wù)管理不規(guī)范、較低的抵押貸款擔(dān)保、信息不透明、信用缺乏等現(xiàn)象，導(dǎo)致中小企業(yè)獲得銀行貸款、融資渠道都很困難，而資金不足一直是困擾中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的主要瓶頸。隨著金融危機(jī)的來(lái)臨，這個(gè)問(wèn)題變得更加突出。在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的背景下，中小企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)困難，信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加，銀行為了減少自己的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，提高其對(duì)中小企業(yè)貸款的門檻，貸款金額在下降，這使得它更難以對(duì)中小企業(yè)融資。雖然各國(guó)紛紛出臺(tái)金融機(jī)構(gòu)增加對(duì)中小企業(yè)的信貸政策支持，但由于信貸市場(chǎng)信息不對(duì)稱的政策所造成的逆向選擇和道德

55、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)問(wèn)題，將使這些銀行是有限的執(zhí)行。此外，金融危機(jī)的來(lái)臨，使這些地區(qū)的總需求以及國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際市場(chǎng)，原材料和能源成本，企業(yè)利潤(rùn)率均有所下降，導(dǎo)致中小企業(yè)內(nèi)部的融資能力也顯著下降。 中小型企業(yè)對(duì)促進(jìn)中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展具有重要作用，幫助中小企業(yè)走上坡路，政府責(zé)無(wú)旁貸，主要有以下幾個(gè)方面:首先，改善融資環(huán)境對(duì)中小企業(yè)提高政策的支持。地方政府可以通過(guò)創(chuàng)造一個(gè)財(cái)政專項(xiàng)資金，建立中小企業(yè)信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、提高補(bǔ)償資金、以增加貸款的金融機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)中小企業(yè)給予適當(dāng)?shù)难a(bǔ)償；完善的保障制度，建立安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，以減少小額擔(dān)保貸款利率，提高小額擔(dān)保貸款的數(shù)額；正確的利用好民間資本，擴(kuò)大融資渠道，加強(qiáng)和改善對(duì)中小企業(yè)的服務(wù)，建立和完善社會(huì)中小企業(yè)服務(wù)體系。 其次，政府有關(guān)部門應(yīng)引導(dǎo)科研機(jī)構(gòu)、大專院校和中小企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)和科研相結(jié)合的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，為中小企業(yè)提供信貸支持,便于科技成果的轉(zhuǎn)化。 政府的政策是幫助中小企業(yè)應(yīng)對(duì)金融