初中英語從句地分類

1、WORD格式初中英語從句的分類從句是相對于主句而言的， 即它是附屬于某一個主句， 而不能單獨(dú)作一個句子。 在英語中主要有三大從句，即：1. 名詞性從句 (包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句)2. 定語從句3. 狀語從句 (包括時間、條件、結(jié)果、目的、原因、讓步、地點(diǎn)、方式等)。1)主語從句用作主語，如：That the earth is round is true.地球是圓的是真實(shí)的。2)賓語從句用作賓語。如：Do you know where he lives3)表語從句用作表語，如：My opinion is that you should not go alone.我的意見是你

2、不應(yīng)單獨(dú)前往。專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式4)同位語從句用于解釋說明前面的名詞。如：The fact that the earth is round is true.地球是圓的的事實(shí)是真實(shí)的。(that從句用于解釋專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式說明the fact)專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式5)定語從句相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，用于修飾前面的名詞。如：The student who answered the question was John.答復(fù)以下問題的學(xué)生是John.6)狀語從句相當(dāng)于一個副詞，如：When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.天下雨時，我通常坐公

3、共汽車上學(xué)。(時間狀專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式語)專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式If he comes tomorrow, you will see him.如果他明天來， 你就可以看見他。(if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，其構(gòu)造為： if +狀語從句， +主句 )。要注意在狀語從句中有一個規(guī)那么是“主將從現(xiàn)，即主句是將來時，那么從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.他回家后得知女兒剛剛訂婚了。 (結(jié)果狀語，結(jié)果狀語只是僅限于 learn( 得知 )，find( 發(fā)現(xiàn) )，see，hear，to

4、be told( 被告知)， make(使得 )等具有界限含義的動詞。 )You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必須大聲說話，才能讓所有人聽到你說話。 (目的狀語，可以由 that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導(dǎo)。 )Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.天氣那么糟，旅行推遲了。(原因狀語從句， 常用because, sin

5、ce, as, for fear (恐怕 ), seeing that ( 既然 ) ，now that (=since),專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式considering that ( 考慮到 ) 等引導(dǎo)。 )Though/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working.雖然他已經(jīng)精疲力竭了，但仍專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式然繼續(xù)工作。 (讓步狀語從句， 引導(dǎo)的連詞主要有以下這些：though, although, as; even if, even專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式though; whether.or.; no matter+ 疑問詞，

6、疑問詞-ever.)Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方樹很多。(地點(diǎn)狀語從句， 通常由 where,wherever 引導(dǎo)。 )As water is to fish, so air is to man.我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。(方式狀語從句通常由 as, (just) as,so, as if, as though 引導(dǎo)。 )主句和從句的劃分方法是一樣的。句子的成分從謂語動詞處來劃分比較容易。謂語動詞前面的局部是主語，后面常接賓語，修飾謂語動詞的是狀語，修飾主語、賓語的是定語，假設(shè)謂語是系動詞，那么系動詞后的局部是表語。如：I

7、am a teacher. 其中， I 是主語， am 是謂語， a teacher 是表語。He likes playing football very much.其中， he 是主語， likes 是謂語， playing football 是賓專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式語， very much 是狀語。初中英語定語從句在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。如：The story which he told was very popularYou can t wake a person who is pretending t

8、o be asleep.一：定語從句的關(guān)系詞專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that ，which，who專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式賓格whom，所有格whose等，關(guān)系副詞包括where，when ，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。二：關(guān)系代詞的用法 ( 在從句中作主語或是賓語 )1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gen

9、tle.that 作主語The coatthatI put on the desk is blue.that 作賓語2.which 用于指物， 在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略， 作賓語可省略。 如： The buildingwhich stands near the train station is a supermarket.作主語The filmwhichwe saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看作賓語3.who ，whom 用于指人，who用作主語，whom 用作賓語，可以省略。在口語中，who也可以作賓語。如：The girl who often

10、 helps me with my English is from England.作主語Who is the teacherwhomLi Ming is talking to？作賓語4.whose用來指人或物, 只用作定語，如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.做定語注意： 1當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞，且介詞放在句末時，who ， that ， which 作賓語時可省略，專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時，只能用“介詞+which/whom構(gòu)造。如：專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式This is the ho

11、use in which we lived last year.Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 2含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，有些介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。如：This is the person whom you are looking for.專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式 3that作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。如：The專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式 4關(guān)

12、系詞只能用that的情況：專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用 that 。如：He was the first person that passed the exam.專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式b.被修飾的先行詞為all ， any ， much ， many等不定代詞時，只能用that 。如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop，everything ？，anything，none，the one專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句

13、。專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式1語序?qū)I(yè)資料整理WORD格式無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序，即“主句連詞賓語專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式從句主語謂語 , 句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式1連接詞謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有：who ，what，which等。專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式如：專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式Could you tell me who knows the answer， pleaseThe small children dont know what is in their stockings？你能告

14、訴我誰知道答案嗎？這些小孩子不知道襪子里有專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式什么東西？專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式2連接詞名詞謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whosewhat ， which ， how many ， how much等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他問我們班上誰的書法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room教師問我們房間里有，專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式多少人。專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式3連接詞主語謂語。連接詞在從

15、句中作賓語、狀語或表語。 常見的連接詞有：who專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式m ， what ，which ， how many ，how much ， when ，why ，how ，where ，if whether 在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分等。如：專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi Could you tell me what I should do with the money他還沒決定是否去*旅行。？你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式嗎？4連接詞名詞主語謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見

16、的連接詞有： what ， which ， how many ， how much ， how 等。如：Do you know which class he is in？你知道他在哪個班嗎？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。2連接詞專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式1當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他說他會在晚飯前完成工作。2當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句

17、時，用if 或 whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否。如：專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式I dont know ifwhether he still lives here after so many years我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式但在以下情況下只能用whether：專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時，尤其是直接與or not連用時， 往往用whether專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式if ,or not 也可以使用。如：專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式Let me know whether if he will come or notLet me k

18、now whether or not he will專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式come讓我知道他是否能來。專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式I dont know whether if he does any washing or not I dont know whether or nothe does any washing我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我們是去還是留。在介詞之后用whether 。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。Were th

19、inking about whether we can finish the work on time我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項(xiàng)工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我擔(dān)憂是否傷了她的感情。在不定式前用whether 。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。I dont know whether to go我不知去否。專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他還未決定是乘公共汽

20、車去還是坐火車去。 whether置于句首時，不能換用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say 這是否真的我說不上來。引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether 。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能來還是個問題。The question is whether we can catch the bus問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。假設(shè)用 if 會引起歧義時，那么用whether 。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解為：a Pl

21、ease let me know whether you like the book請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。b If you like the book， please let me know你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我。3如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告訴我今天早專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式上你為什么開會遲到嗎？3時態(tài)專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，主、從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)照應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：1

22、如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的謂語動詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時態(tài)。如：I dont know when he will come back我不知道他將何時回來。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。2如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時，賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過去時態(tài)即一般過去時、過去進(jìn)展時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某一種形式。如：專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式 The children didnt know who he was孩子們不知道他是誰。專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式 He asked his f

23、ather how it happened他問他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式3如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動作等，不管主句用什么時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun教師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式4注意：專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式if 和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，應(yīng)注意它們在兩種從句中的意專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式思和用法的不同。if 和 when 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，分別意為“是否和“何時，其時

24、態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時態(tài)相照應(yīng)；它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，意思分別為“如果，假設(shè)和“當(dāng), 時候，當(dāng)主句時態(tài)是一般將來時時，其時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進(jìn)展綜合考察。如： Do you know when he will come back tomorrow？你知道他明天什么時候回來嗎？ Sorry ， I dont knowWhen he comes back， Ill tell you 對不起，不知道。當(dāng)他回來了，我將告訴你。 I dont know if he will come我不知道他是否會來。 He will come if it doesnt rain如果不下雨，

25、他會來的。簡化賓語從句常用六法同學(xué)們常會遇到把含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單句，使其與原句意思一樣或相近的試題。下面就介紹幾種常用的簡化賓語從句的方法：方法一：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是hope ， decide ， wish ， choose ， agree ， promise等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為不定式構(gòu)造。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式We decided that we would help him.We deci

26、ded to help him.專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式方法二：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是know，learn ，remember，forget，tell等動詞，專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式且主句主語與從句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式構(gòu)造。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how toopen the window.注：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是tell ， ask ， show ， teach 等動詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+ 不定式構(gòu)造。例如：Could

27、you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get tothe station ？方法三：當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是order 命令， require 需要等時，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為“名詞代詞+不定式構(gòu)造。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.The headmasterordered us to start at once.方法四：某些動詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動名詞短語等其他形式簡化。例如：He insiste

28、d that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesn t know when and where he was born. The poor boydoesn t know the time and the place of his birth.專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式方法五： 某些動詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語+V-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式構(gòu)造。例如：專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on

29、the ground.Liu Ping found a專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式wallet lying on the ground.專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式方法六：動詞 seem 后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式短語來簡化，但句型需要進(jìn)展適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓＠纾簩I(yè)資料整理WORD格式It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如：專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式I found that it was difficult to learn English wel

30、l. I found it difficult to learn專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found theground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy初中英語賓語從句語法專項(xiàng)精選試題習(xí)題 (一)專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式1 The girls asked if they _ some

31、food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get

32、 some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled答案:1-5ADCBC專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式習(xí)題 (二)1 Can you tell me_ you were born, BettyA. who B. what C. when D. that2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B.

33、 if C. when D. where3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who4 She didnt know_ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be5. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D. when6. Do you know _ they listened to ye

34、sterday evening A. what B when C why D how7. He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose答案:1-7CBBAAAC習(xí)題 (三)1. They dont know their parents are. A that B what C why D which2. Please tell me _what last year.A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sis

35、ter works D where your sister worked3. She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it 4. You must remember _.A. what your mother said B. what did your mother sayC. your mother said what D. what has your mother said5 Did you know _A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking forC. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after6 Could you tell me _A. when will they leave Beijing