食品生物技術(shù) 緒論ppt課件

1、Introduction of Food BiotechnologyWang YanpingAIST in JapanBREAKTHROUGHS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY What Is Biotechnology? outlook in biotechnology? Subjects Involved With Biotechnology? Stages of Biotechnology Development? Main Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?What Is Biotechnology? The use of gene sc

2、ience to create new products from plants and animals Using scientific methods with organisms to produce new products or new forms of organismsWhat Is Biotechnology? Any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals,

3、or to develop microorganisms for specific uses What Is Biotechnology? GMO- genetically modified organisms. GEO- genetically enhanced organisms. With both, the natural genetic material of the organism has been altered. Roots in bread making, wine brewing, cheese and yogurt fermentation, and classical

4、 plant and animal breedingWhat Is Biotechnology? Manipulation of genes is called genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology Genetic engineering involves taking one or more genes from a location in one organism and either Transferring them to another organism Putting them back into the origina

5、l organism in different combinationsWhat is the career outlook in biotechnology? Biotech in 2019 1,300 companies in the US 2/3 have less than employees 140,000 jobs Jobs will continue to increase exponentially Jobs are available to high school graduates through PhDsWhat Subjects Are Involved With Bi

6、otechnology? Multidisciplinary- involving a number of disciplines that are coordinated for a desired outcome Science Life sciences Physical sciences Social sciencesWhat Subjects Are Involved With Biotechnology? Mathematics Applied sciences Computer applications Engineering AgricultureWhat Are the St

7、ages of Biotechnology Development Ancient biotechnology- early history as related to food and shelter; Includes domestication Classical biotechnology- built on ancient biotechnology; Fermentation promoted food production, and medicine Modern biotechnology- manipulates genetic information in organism

8、; Genetic engineeringWhat Are the Areas of Biotechnology? Organismic biotechnology- uses intact organisms; Does not alter genetic material Molecular biotechnology- alters genetic makeup to achieve specific goals Transgenic organism- an organism with artificially altered genetic materialWhat Did Thes

9、e Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? Anton van Leeuwenhoek Discovered cells Bacteria Protists Red bloodWhat Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? Gregor Johan Mendel Discovered geneticsWhat Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? Walter Sutton Discovered ChromosomesWhat

10、 Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? Thomas Hunt Morgan Discovered how genes are transmitted through chromosomesWhat Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? Ernst Ruska Invented the electron microscopeWhat Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? Sir Alexander Fle

11、ming Discovered penicillinWhat Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? Rosalind Elsie Franklin Research led to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNAWhat Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? James Watson and Francis Crick Discovered DNAWhat Did These Individuals

12、Contribute to Biotechnology? Mary-Claire King Mapped human genes for research of cancer treatmentsWhat Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology? Ian Wilmut Created the first true clone, the Dorset ewe Dolly Nobel PrizeWhat Are the Benefits of Biotechnology? Medicine Human Veterinary Biophar

13、ming Environment Agriculture Food products Industry and manufacturingMedicalAdvances12.Biotechnology Breakthroughs Insulin (1982) First commercial biotech product Reliable, inexpensive source of insulin.An EnhancedEnvironmentEnvironmental Benefits Reduced pesticide use Lower energy requirements Clea

14、ner water Less soil erosionProgress In AgricultureProgress In Agriculture Achievements ofdedicated researchers Farmers adoptingimproved farmingpracticesProgress In Agriculture Potatoes with higher solid content Garlic that lowers cholesterol Fruits and vegetables that reducerisks of cancer and heart

15、 disease Rice Enriched with beta-carotene and iron Bananas Containing edible hepatitis vaccine Hybridization Fermentation PasteurizationWhat Has Research Given Us?TraditionalCross-BreedingBiotechnology:Tapping NaturesBountyThe American Society for Microbiology “plant varieties created with biotechno

16、logy are grown more efficiently and economically than traditional crops. This eventually should result in a more nutritious product at less cost to the consumer as well as reduced pesticide use and greater environmental protection.ImprovedFood ProductsBenefits Through Biotechnology Longer shelf life

17、 Better taste Enhancednutritional valueBiotechnology Breakthroughs Higher protein peanuts Longer shelf life for bananasand pineapples Sweeter bell peppers Tastier tomatoes Lower fat vegetable oilsBiotechnology Breakthroughs New food enzyme used during cheese making process Chymosin (1990) First biot

18、echnology food product approved in the United StatesNorman Borlaug, Ph.D.Professor, Texas A&M UniversityNobel Peace Prize Laureate, 1970 “I believe the world will be able to produce the food needed to feed the projected population of about 8.3 billion in the year 2025but it cannot be attained withou

19、t permitting the use of technologies now available or without research to further improve and utilize new technologies, including biotechnology and recombinant DNA.24.Michael JacobsonExecutive DirectorCenter for Science in the Public Interest “While biotechnology is not a panacea(萬能萬能藥藥 for every nutritional and agricultural problem, it is a powerful tool to increase food production, protect the environment, improve the healthfulness of foods, and produce valuable pharmaceuticals. It should n