復(fù)習(xí)動詞的時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時一般過去時

1、復(fù)習(xí)動詞的時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、一般過去時。 一般現(xiàn)在時（The Present Indefinite Tense）的測試 5 要點(diǎn)：1、表示不受時間限制的客觀存在、科學(xué)真理、格言等。Water boils at 100 .Twice two is four .The earth goes around the sun .Pride goes before a fall . 驕者必敗。One today is worth two tomorrows . 一個今天勝過兩個明天。Practice makes perfect . 熟能生巧。Japan lies to the ea

2、st of China .Shanghai stands on the Huangpu River .England and France are separated by the English Channel .2、一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常地或者習(xí)慣的動作，常與頻度狀語 usually , often , sometimes , every morning , always , regularly 以及 at present , these days , nowadays , at the moment 等時間狀語連用。Mum doesnt drive as well as Dad . She

3、stops too suddenly and turns quickly .Peter used to work in Geneva , but at present he works in London .The Hunts usually live in Scotland , but at the moment they live in the south .Being middle school students , you do homework every day .3、在口語中，一般現(xiàn)在時往往可和一個表示未來時間的狀語連用，表達(dá)一個按規(guī)定、計劃、安排要發(fā)生的動作。這種動詞是：go

4、, come , fall , arrive , start , begin , meet , stay , take , place , happen 等。When do you start , Mr Green ?This train leaves at 10:00 .Miss Black comes next week . When do they leave for the countryside ? They start next Saturday .A：Is there any meeting today ?B：Yes . It begins at 2:30 in the afte

5、rnoon .4、在時間和條件狀語從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。Please let me know when he comes back .I will go to see him if it is fine tomorrow .If he doesnt like it , nor / neither will I.5、在某些以 here , there 開頭的句子中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示正發(fā)生的動作。Here comes the bus ! 汽車來了！There goes the bell ! 鈴響了！ 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時（The Present Continuous Tense）的 7 個測試要

6、點(diǎn)1、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示說話時正發(fā)生的或者正進(jìn)行的動作。常與時間狀語 now , at the moment 等連用。It is raining hard now . Dont hurry .I am writing a letter . Will you please turn down the radio ?Watch out (當(dāng)心) ! Its falling .Look ! The clouds are gathering .Look at this picture of a busy railway station . A train is standing at one of the

7、 platforms ready to leave . Some of thepassengers are looking out of the windows watching the late-comers who are hurrying along looking for empty seats .We are busy at the moment . Im selling cigarettes . My father is selling some sweets .2、表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動作?？珊蜁r間狀語 now , these days 等連用。She is s

8、tudying law while her brother is studying medicine .Is my daughter working hard in the factory , Manager Wang ?How are you getting along / on with your studies ?I usually get up at eight , but Im getting up at six every day this week .3、表示按計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動作。We are going to Rome next week .Mr Black is lea

9、ving for Shanghai in a few days .Are you doing anything special tonight ?4、用在時間和條件狀語從句中表達(dá)將來正進(jìn)行的動作。Ill telephone you this afternoon while Im waiting .Ill think about it while you are writing the report .When you are talking with him , take care not to mention this .If you are standing at the corner w

10、hen I pass , Ill give you a lift into town .5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和動詞 hope , wonder 連用表示婉轉(zhuǎn)的口氣。I am hoping youll give me some advice .Im wondering if I may have a word with you .We are wondering if you have any suggestion .6、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與 always , continually , constantly 等副詞連用表示反復(fù)或者習(xí)慣性的動作，含有說話人的某種感情色彩，如贊揚(yáng)、遺憾、討厭、不滿等。He is

11、 always asking such easy questions .He is constantly leaving his books about .7、少數(shù)動詞，如jump , hit , kick , knock , drop 等瞬間動詞用進(jìn)行時比動作的重復(fù)或者即將發(fā)生。He is knocking at the door .The girls are jumping . 一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的 6 個區(qū)別點(diǎn)區(qū)別點(diǎn)一：一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性的動作，而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表達(dá)現(xiàn)在或者現(xiàn)階段正發(fā)生的動作。He studies hard .He is studying hard this term

12、.My watch works perfectly . (經(jīng)常性)My watch is working perfectly . (短暫性) He lives in Beijing .He is living in Beijing .區(qū)別點(diǎn)二：用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時往往帶有感情色彩，而用一般現(xiàn)在時只是說明事實。John does fine work at school . （說明事實）John is doing fine at school . （表揚(yáng)）Now I live in a very pleasant flat . （事實）Now I am living in a very pleasant

13、flat . （滿意）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表達(dá)感情色彩時常和always , forever , constantly 等連用。He is always thinking of how he could do more for the poor .She is always changing her clothes .區(qū)別點(diǎn)三：一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示眼前看得見的動作。Boats pass under the bridge .The boat is passing under the bridge .區(qū)別點(diǎn)四：一般現(xiàn)在時用來表示永久的情況或者完成的動作，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示的暫時或臨時性動

14、作。My parents lives in Canada .Im staying with one of my classmates .區(qū)別點(diǎn)五：表示知覺、感覺、看法、感情、愿望的動詞常不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時而用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：see , hear , smell , notice , taste , know , think , like , want , wish , have , fit , belong to 。The necklace belongs to Jenny .I hear you want to do business abroad .區(qū)別點(diǎn)六：表示問候性的親切感多用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。

15、How are you feeling today , Xiao Ming ? I hope you will be well soon .How are they getting along with their work ? 現(xiàn)在完成時（The Present Perfect Tense）的 6 個測試要點(diǎn)1、不帶時間狀語的現(xiàn)在完成時表示說話之前動作已經(jīng)完成，而后果和影響至今存在。He has gone to Europe . You cant see him .Has he had his supper ?He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。He has bee

16、n to Beijing .他去過北京。2、帶狀語的現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還要持續(xù)下去的動作或者狀態(tài)。She has been ill for two weeks . I havent seenhim for many months .She has learnt a lot since she cameto No. 16 Middle School .3、在用 already , yet , before , just , ever , lately , recently 這類副詞或者頻度副詞 often , sometimes , rarely , never ,

17、once , twice , three times 做狀語時常用現(xiàn)在完成時。Have you ever listened to foreign music ?This is the second game . Theyve already won a game .He as well as I has seen the film before .We went to have a haircut once a month .4、特別注意由 since , for 引起的時間狀語與現(xiàn)在完成時的連用。since 后必須是確定的時間點(diǎn)，而不能是一段時間。Ive known him since we

18、 were children .They havent visited us since 1998.由 for 引起的時間狀語中，介詞 for 常被省去。Ive studied English (for)a long time .For months he hasnt gone to the movies .5、含下列狀語的句子常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用：ever since , in the past two weeks , in the last few years , until now , till now , up to now , up to the present , so far ,

19、for the last few months , over the last few weeks . during the last few centuries 。Up to now , everything has been successful .In the last 50 years China has made great advances in socialist revolution and socialist construction . 6、注意現(xiàn)在完成時不能與非延續(xù)性動詞連用。如：marry , die , leave , start , join , end 等。但可以

20、借助這些動詞的形容詞或狀態(tài)詞與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。He has been married to Joan for a year . = He married Joan a year ago .She has been a Party member for two weeks . = She joined the Party two weeks ago .= It is two weeks since she became a Party member . 一般過去時（The Past Indefinite Tense）的 4 個測試要點(diǎn)1、一般過去時表示過去某一時刻或者某一段時間發(fā)生的動作或者狀態(tài)

21、。Last night we went to enjoy a good performance .I usually sleep indoors , but I slept outdoors last summer . How long have you been here ? Only about five minutes . Jane and Simon walked here with me .I cant find the dictionary . Someone put it on the top of the bookshelf .2、表示過去的習(xí)慣動作。通常同時間或者頻度狀語連用

22、。He smoked a lot five years ago .We went to school together when we were boys and so we saw each other every day .The doctor came once a week and examined all who were ill .3、used to do 和 would 常表達(dá)過去常干。used to 含有強(qiáng)烈的今昔對比，可以和狀態(tài)動詞連用。而would 不能與狀態(tài)詞連用，句中常用時間狀語的暗示。Tom used to eat out every day , but now he

23、 cant afford it .When he was old , he would rise early and take a walk before breakfast .We used to be good friends . (不能用 would)There used to stand a tower at the foot of the hill . (不用 would)4、在句型 “It is time that ；It is about time that ；It is high time that ”后的從句中用一般過去時。在 would rather , would soo

24、ner , had rather , had sooner 后的從句中用一般過去時。It is high time that we went to school .I had rather you came next week .附錄資料：不需要的可以自行刪除記敘文基礎(chǔ)知識（一）記敘文的特點(diǎn)1、概念：以記敘、描寫為主要表達(dá)方式，以寫人記事，寫景狀物為主要內(nèi)容的文章。2、分類：A、按樣式分：通訊、回憶錄、游記、新聞、參觀訪問記、民間故事。B、記敘內(nèi)容分：寫人、敘事、寫景、狀物。（二）記敘的要素和人稱記敘的要素：時間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件的起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果。A、時間：一般用時間詞表示；也有的間接表示事

25、件的發(fā)生時間。B、地點(diǎn)：單一地點(diǎn)，事件在一處發(fā)生；還有的事件隨情節(jié)發(fā)展而轉(zhuǎn)換。C、人物：有主要人物和次要人物之分。主要人物往往體現(xiàn)文章的中心思想，次要人物幫助形成完整的情節(jié)，并對主要人物起襯托作用。D、起因：指引發(fā)事件的原因，一般在開頭，也有在后頭（倒敘）E、經(jīng)過：指事件發(fā)展的過程，復(fù)雜事件的經(jīng)過往往包含若干階段，可先概括再綜合。F、結(jié)果：指事件的結(jié)尾，一般也用記敘描寫的表達(dá)方式，它是事件的一部分。如以抒情議論結(jié)尾的不能當(dāng)作結(jié)果。記敘的人稱：A、第一人稱：以“我”、“我們”的身份敘述?！拔摇笔瞧渲械囊粋€人物，文章記敘的人和事都是“我”的所見、所聞、所想，容易使讀者產(chǎn)生真實而親切的感覺。文中如有

26、心理活動描寫必定是“我”的，其他人物的心理活動只能是“我”猜測的，不可直接描寫他人的心理活動。B、第二人稱：出現(xiàn)在用第一人稱或第三人稱的敘述中，出于直接抒情的需要。但記敘文通篇一般不采用第二人稱。C、第三人稱：指作者站在“第三者”的立場上把人物的經(jīng)歷和事件的經(jīng)過告訴讀者。文中每人物都有自己的名字或稱謂，沒有“我”這個代詞。其好處在于人物事件的展開不受時間和空間的限制，有比較廣闊的活動范圍，便于塑造人物形象和表現(xiàn)文章主題，文中每個人物的心理活動都可描寫。（三）記敘的順序記敘的順序指記敘文材料安排方式，一般可分為順敘、倒敘、插敘。1、順敘：記敘的材料按時間推移、地點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移和事件發(fā)展的先后順序來敘述的

27、方法。用順敘寫的文章、層次、段落和事件發(fā)展的過程基本一致，可從時間推移、程序推進(jìn)、空間轉(zhuǎn)換等標(biāo)志著手，理清思路。2、倒敘：先把事件的結(jié)果寫出，或先把后發(fā)生的事（或是某個突出的片斷或結(jié)局）敘述，然后再按事情的發(fā)生發(fā)展記敘，最后落到結(jié)果，使首尾呼應(yīng)。其注意點(diǎn)：開頭一般先寫結(jié)果，或是由眼前的事物引起回憶；開始追述時，文章一般要用一兩句話表明以下要追述以往的事；追述部分仍按時間順序?qū)憽?、插敘：在順敘過程中插入與中心思想有關(guān)的事件。分析插敘要把握兩點(diǎn)：一是轉(zhuǎn)入插敘的過渡句。二是由插敘轉(zhuǎn)到順敘的過渡句，它們銜接要自然、完美。閱讀時要注意插敘前后的過渡性文字。插敘的作用是對主要情節(jié)或人物描寫起補(bǔ)充、襯托的作用。（四）記敘的中心與材料1、記敘的中心：就是作者憑借記人寫景，給景狀物告訴讀者，自己對生活的看法。2、中心的把握：（1）、內(nèi)容：一是文章所表現(xiàn)的主要內(nèi)容，二是作者的感受、文章的意義。（2）、方法：抓具體材料: 寫人為主的，通過人物的語言、行動，從把握人物的性格特征和思想意義入手；敘事為主的，通過事件的起因、經(jīng)過與結(jié)果進(jìn)行歸納，從把握文章通過敘寫的事件所要說明的道理入手；寫