考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽糧食工程職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽糧食工程職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theirdefenderssaytheyaremotivated,versatileworkerswhoarejustwhatcompaniesneedinthesedifficulttimes.Toothers,however,themembersofGenerationY—thoseborninthe1980sand1990sotherwiseknownastheNetGeneration—arespoiled,narcissisticidlerswhocannotspellandwastetoomuchtimeoninstantmessagingandFacebook.Ah,replytheNetGenres,butallthatmessingaroundonlineprovesthatwearecomputer-literatemulti-taskerswhoareskillfulusersofonlinecollaborativetoolsandnaturalteamplayers.And,while,youareonthesubjectofme,Ineedamonth’svacationtoreconsidermypersonalgoal.

Thiscultureclashhasbeengoingoninmanyorganizationsandhaslatelyseepedintomanagementbooks.TheNetGenershavegrownupwithcomputers;theyarebrimmingwithself-confidence;andtheyhavebeenencouragedtochallengereceivedwisdom,tofindtheirownsolutionstoproblemsandtotreatworkasaroutetopersonalfulfillmentratherthanmerelyawayofputtingfoodonthetable.Notallofthismakesthemeasytomanage.Bossescomplainthatafterachildhoodofbeingspoiledandpraised,NetGenersdemandfarmorefrequentfeedbackandanover-precisesetofobjectivesonthepathofpromotion.InanewreportfromPriceewaterhouseCoopers,aconsultancy,61%ofchiefexecutivessaytheyhavetroublerecruitingandintegratingyoungeremployees.

Forthosehard-to-pleaseoldermanagers,thecurrentrecessionisthejoyfulequivalentofhidinganalarmclockinasleepingteenagers'bedroom.Onceagain,thetouchy-feelymanagementfashionsthatalwaysspringupinyearsofplentyarebeingditchedinfavorofmorebrutalcommand-and-controlmethodsHavinggrownupingoodtimes,NetGenershavelaboredundertheillusionthattheworldowedthemaliving.Buthoppingbetweenjobstofindonethatmeetsyourinnerspiritualneedsisnotsoeasywhentherearenojobstohopto.Andasforthatvacation:here'sapermanentone,sunshine.

Infact,compromisewillbenecessaryonbothsides.NetGenerswillcertainlyhavetolowersomeoftheirexpectationsandtaketheworldasitis,notastheywouldlikeittobe.Buttheirolderbossesshouldalsobepreparedtomakeconcessions.Theeconomywilleventuallyrecoveranddemographictrendsinmostrichcountrieswillmakecleveryoungworkersevenmorevaluable.Besides,manyofthethingsthatKeepNetGenershappyareworthdoinganyway.Butforthemomentatleast,theFacebookersareunderheavycriticism.

1.IntheeyesofthecriticsoftheNetGeneration,theNetGenersarecharacterizedas（）.

2.AccordingtoPara.2,NetGenersarenoteasytomanageinthat（）.

3.Theword“touchy-feely"inPara.3mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves（）.

5.Whatistheauthors’attitudetowardsNetGeners?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accomplishedandcompetent

B.smartandflexible

C.self-centeredandindulged

D.selfishanduncooperative

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.they'veattachedtoomuchimportancetothepersonalfulfillment

B.they'vebeencourageousenoughtochallengetheirbosses

C.they’vehadexcessiveconfidenceinthemselves

D.they'verequiredexcessiveresponsesandgoals

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.sensitiveandcaring

B.coldandbloody

C.lazyandreckless

D.funnyandinteresting

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.NetGenersshouldgiveuptheirexpectations

B.olderbossesshouldgivetheNetGenerswhatevertheywant

C.bothNetGenersandbossesshouldfacethereality

D.bothNetGenersandbossesshouldlearntoconcede

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Supportive.

B.Objective.

C.Biased.

D.Pessimistic.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Toothers,however,themembersofGenerationY—thoseborninthe1980sand1990sotherwiseknownastheNetGeneration-arespoiled,narcissisticidlerswhocannotspellandwastetoomuchtimeoninstantmessagingandFacebook.然而，對(duì)另一些人來(lái)說(shuō)，y一代(出生于80年代和90年代的人，也被稱為網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代)是被寵壞的、自戀的游手好閑者，他們不會(huì)拼寫，在即時(shí)通訊和Facebook上浪費(fèi)了太多時(shí)間?！笨芍谂姓哐壑校W(wǎng)絡(luò)一代是被寵壞的，并且是自戀的游手好閑者。故C項(xiàng)正確。且在批判者眼中，網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代自然是有缺點(diǎn)的，故應(yīng)該用貶義詞，排除AB兩項(xiàng)。D項(xiàng)“自私的和不配合的”與文中所述內(nèi)容不符。

第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段“Notallofthismakesthemeasytomanage.Bossescomplainthatafterachildhoodofbeingspoiledandpraised,NetGenersdemandfarmorefrequentfeedbackandanover-precisesetofobjectivesonthepathofpromotion.并不是所有這些都使它們易于管理。老板們抱怨說(shuō)，在經(jīng)歷了被寵壞和表?yè)P(yáng)的童年后，網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代要求在晉升的道路上有更頻繁的反饋和一套過(guò)于精確的目標(biāo)。由此可知網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代難于管理的原因在于他們?cè)诼殘?chǎng)晉升之路上要求更頻繁的反饋并且需要精確的目標(biāo)。故D項(xiàng)正確，D項(xiàng)的response和goals是對(duì)原文中的feedback以及objectives的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。

第3題:3.詞義題。由Onceagain,thetouchy-feelymanagementfashionsthatalwaysspringupinyearsofplentyarebeingditchedinfavorofmorebrutalcommand-and-controlmethods.再一次，在經(jīng)濟(jì)充裕的年份里總是涌現(xiàn)出的____的管理潮流正在被拋棄，取而代之的是更為殘酷的命令與控制方式。由“morebrutalcommand-and-control更為殘酷的命令和控制”可推知被拋棄的“touch-feelymanagement”的意思應(yīng)與其相反，應(yīng)為“人性化”的管理。再?gòu)膖ouchy-feely單詞本身也可猜測(cè)出該詞與感覺(jué)有關(guān)。故A項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段Infact,compromisewillbenecessaryonbothsides.NetGenerswillcertainlyhavetolowersomeoftheirexpectationsandtaketheworldasitis,notastheywouldlikeittobe.Buttheirolderbossesshouldalsobepreparedtomakeconcessions.事實(shí)上，雙方都有必要妥協(xié)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代應(yīng)該降低他們的一些期望，接受世界的現(xiàn)狀，而不是他們所希望的樣子。但是他們的老上司也應(yīng)該做好讓步的準(zhǔn)備。可知作者認(rèn)為雙方都應(yīng)該做一些讓步。故D項(xiàng)正確，concede是concessions的同義詞。

第5題:5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題?？v觀全文，本文開頭作者提到了贊成者和批判者對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代的看法，接著作者列舉了網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)，最后提出解決措施。故作者的態(tài)度應(yīng)當(dāng)是客觀的。supportive支持的；objective客觀的；biased有偏見的；pessimistic悲觀的。B項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"ofespionage—spyingasa"profession".ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.

Thelatestrevolutionisn'tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen'se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit"open-sourceintelligence",andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasits.merelyoftheelectronicworld.

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying（covering-nationsfromChiletoRussiA.tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.M.

StraitfordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster'sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine."Assoonasthatreportruns,we'llsuddenlyget500newInternetsign-upsfromUkraine,"saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor."Andwe'llhearbackfromsomeofthem."Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That'swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm'soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford'sbriefsdon'tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagencieschancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.

1.TheemergenceoftheNethas（）.

2.ThetextmentionsDonovan'sstoryto（）.

3.Themostprobablemeaningof"makingthebiggestsplash"（Line1,Paragraph3）is（）.

4.Paragraph4suggeststhat（）.

5.Straitfordismostproudofits（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan

B.remoldedtheintelligenceservices

C.restoredmanycommonpastimes

D.revivedspyingasaprofession

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA

B.showhowhefoughtfortheUS

C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar

D.introducethetopicofonlinespying

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.causingthebiggesttrouble

B.exertingthegreatesteffort

C.achievingthegreatestsuccess

D.enjoyingthewidestpopularity

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation

B.Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation

C.Straitford'sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability

D.Straitford'spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.officialstatus

B.efficientstaff

C.nonconformistimage

D.militarybackground

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文第一段最后一句“ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.”可知，網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)改變了購(gòu)書和寄信等日常消遣方式，也正在重塑多諾萬(wàn)的職業(yè)。而有上文可知，多諾萬(wàn)早前從事的是情報(bào)工作，所以網(wǎng)絡(luò)的出現(xiàn)重塑了情報(bào)工作。因此，本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。文章的開始通過(guò)介紹多諾萬(wàn)的故事引入了話題“網(wǎng)絡(luò)的出現(xiàn)重塑了情報(bào)工作”。之后又介紹了網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)于信息搜集和分享的影響，由此可以判斷作者提到多諾萬(wàn)的故事就是為了引入話題。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)“引入網(wǎng)上間諜的話題”。

3.詞匯題。通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境以及句意可知，這家公司在情報(bào)分析領(lǐng)域名聲大噪，取得了巨大成功。因此C選項(xiàng)含義與“makingthebiggestsplash”含義最為接近，都表示取得了很大成功，因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。由原文第四段可知，網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一種信息收集和發(fā)布相互強(qiáng)化的工具。公司可以從世界的角落收集數(shù)據(jù)，而在發(fā)布相關(guān)報(bào)告后，又會(huì)有人予以回復(fù)，反饋?zhàn)钚虑闆r，所以由此可知，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的存在使得Straiford公司能夠提供可靠有可信度的信息。因此本文正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文最后一句“Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.”可知，斯特雷福德為自己的獨(dú)立聲音感到自豪。說(shuō)明斯特雷福德公司敢于發(fā)聲，不落俗套，從不墨守成規(guī)。因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

3.翻譯題

從20世紀(jì)40年代中期起，人類已經(jīng)制造出上千種農(nóng)藥，普遍用于農(nóng)場(chǎng)、花園和森林，以消滅昆蟲和雜草。本來(lái)它們的最初目的是殺死幾種雜草和幾種昆蟲，但是卻造成了現(xiàn)在這樣嚴(yán)重的后果：鳥兒不再唱歌，魚兒不再跳躍，樹葉蒙上了一層毒藥，土壤中長(zhǎng)期存留大量有毒物質(zhì)。

【答案】Sincethemid-1940s,thousandsofpesticideshavebeencreatedtokillinsectsandweedsonfarms,gardensandforests.Theiroriginalpurposewastokillafewweedsandafewinsects,buttheresultisnowsoseriousthatbirdsnolongersing,fishnolongerjump,theleavesarecoatedwithpoison,andthesoilispermanentlyrichintoxicsubstances.

4.單選題

Thecouplehadbeentryingtosatisfyalltheneedsoftheironlykid,whohadbeen（

）formorepocketmoneyallthetime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impressing

B.importuning

C.informing

D.improvising

【答案】B

【解析】impress給人印象；importune強(qiáng)求，一再向某人要求；inform告訴，通知；improvise即興創(chuàng)作。句意：這對(duì)夫婦一直試圖滿足他們唯一的孩子的所有需要，而孩子一直在不斷地要求更多的零花錢。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

5.寫作題

Youaretowriteacompositionofnolessthan250wordswiththetitle:MyViewonTerroristActivitiesinSomeCountries.DoyourcompositionneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】MyViewonTerroristActivitiesinSomeCountries6.單選題

Theyear1995washeraldedasthebeginningofthe“NewEconomy.”Digitalcommunicationwassettoupendmarketsandchangeeverything.Buteconomistsbyandlargedidn’tbuyintothehype.Itwasn’tthatwedidn’trecognizethatsomethingchanged.Itwasthatwerecognizedthattheoldeconomicslensremainedusefulforlookingatthechangestakingplace.Theeconomicsofthe“NewEconomy”couldbedescribedatahighlevel:Digitaltechnologywouldcauseareductioninthecostofsearchandcommunication.Thiswouldleadtomoresearch,morecommunication,andmoreactivitiesthatgotogetherwithsearchandcommunication.That’sessentiallywhathappened.

Todayweareseeingsimilarhypeaboutmachineintelligence.Butonceagain,aseconomists,webelievesomesimplerulesapply.Technologicalrevolutionstendtoinvolvesomeimportantactivitybecomingcheap,likethecostofcommunicationorfindinginformation.Machineintelligenceis,initsessence,apredictiontechnology,sotheeconomicshiftwillcenteraroundadropinthecostofprediction.

Thefirsteffectofmachineintelligencewillbetolowerthecostofgoodsandservicesthatrelyonprediction.Thismattersbecausepredictionisaninputtoahostofactivitiesincludingtransportation,agriculture,healthcare,energymanufacturing,andretail.

Whenthecostofanyinputfallssoprecipitously,therearetwootherwell-establishedeconomicimplications.First,wewillstartusingpredictiontoperformtaskswherewepreviouslydidn’t.Second,thevalueofotherthingsthatcomplementpredictionwillrise.

Asmachineintelligencelowersthecostofprediction,wewillbegintouseitasaninputforthingsforwhichweneverpreviouslydid.Forexample,withthetechnologicaladvanceinsemiconductors,thecostofcalculationdroppedsignificantly,soactivitiesforwhicharithmeticwasakeyinputbecamemuchcheaper.Consequently,inphotography,weshiftedfromafilm-oriented,chemistry-basedapproachtoadigital-oriented,arithmetic-basedapproach.

Whenthecostofafoundationalinputplummets,itoftenaffectsthevalueofotherinputs.Thevaluegoesupforcomplementsanddownforsubstitutes.Inthecaseofphotography,thevalueofthehardwareandsoftwarecomponentsassociatedwithdigitalcameraswentupasthecostofarithmeticdroppedbecausedemandincreased—wewantedmoreofthem.Thesecomponentswerecomplementstoarithmetic;theywereusedtogether.Incontrast,thevalueoffilm—relatedchemicalsfell—wewantedlessofthem.

Asmachineintelligenceimproves,thevalueofhumanpredictionskillswilldecreasebecausemachinepredictionwillprovideacheaperandbettersubstituteforhumanprediction,justasmachinesdidforarithmetic.However,thisdoesnotspelldoomforhumanjobs,asmanyexpertssuggest.That’sbecausethevalueofhumanjudgmentskillswillincrease.Usingthelanguageofeconomics,judgmentisacomplementtopredictionandthereforewhenthecostofpredictionfallsdemandforjudgmentrises.We’llwantmorehumanjudgment.

Forexample,whenpredictionischeap,diagnosiswillbemorefrequentandconvenient,andthuswe’lldetectmanymoreearly-stage,treatableconditions.Thiswillmeanmoredecisionswillbemadeaboutmedicaltreatment,whichmeansgreaterdemandfortheapplicationofethics,andforemotionalsupport,whichareprovidedbyhumans.Thelinebetweenjudgmentandpredictionisn’tclearcut—somejudgmenttaskswillevenbereframedasaseriesofpredictions.Yet,overallthevalueofprediction-relatedhumanskillswillfall,andthevalueofjudgment-relatedskillswillrise.

56.Thehighlightedword“hype”inParagraph2maybebestinterpretedas______.

57.Accordingtotheconsequencesofmachineintelligence,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

58.InParagraph5,theauthormentionssemiconductorinorderto______.

59.Theinfluenceofmachineintelligenceuponhumanactivitiesisthat______.

60.Themostsuitabletitleforthismessageforthispassageis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.carnival

B.exaggeration

C.leap

D.ecstasy

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thecostofproductsandservicesbasedonpredictionwillbereduced.

B.Somenewtaskswillbereframedaspredictionproblems.

C.Pricesofcomplementsthathelppredictionwillrise.

D.Thevalueofhumanjudgmentwilldecrease.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.showthattechnologyhasmademajorprogressinthearithmeticarea

B.explainwhyfilmphotographyisreplacedbydigitalphotography

C.illustratethattechnologicaladvanceswillreduceproductcosts

D.provethatthepricesofcomplementswillincrease

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thecostofhumanpredictionwillincrease

B.humanjudgmentwillbecomemorevaluable

C.machineintelligencewillreplacehumanjobs

D.peoplewillmakemoredecisionsonmedicaltreatment

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theeconomiceffectsofmachineintelligence

B.Machineintelligencevshumanprediction

C.Costreductionindigitaltechnology

D.Advancesinmachineintelligence

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】56.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“第二段中黑體字‘hype’一詞最好解釋為……”。文章第一段有提到hype這個(gè)單詞，Digitalcommunicationwassettoupendmarketsandchangeeverything.Buteconomistsbyandlargedidn’tbuyintothehype.（數(shù)字通信注定要顛覆市場(chǎng)，改變一切，但總的來(lái)說(shuō)，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家并不接受這種炒作）；hype的本義是炒作，在這里是指前一句內(nèi)容過(guò)于“夸張，言過(guò)其實(shí)”；由此推斷第二段第一句Todayweareseeingsimilarhypeaboutmachineintelligence.（今天，我們看到了關(guān)于機(jī)器智能的類似炒作）中的hype也是同樣表示“夸張”的意思，所以B項(xiàng)“夸張”正確。A項(xiàng)“狂歡”、C項(xiàng)“飛躍”和D項(xiàng)“狂喜”都不符合語(yǔ)境。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

57.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)機(jī)器智能的影響，下面哪個(gè)陳述是不正確的？”。根據(jù)第三段第一句話Thefirsteffectofmachineintelligencewillbetolowerthecostofgoodsandservicesthatrelyonprediction.（機(jī)器智能的第一個(gè)作用將是降低依賴預(yù)測(cè)的商品和服務(wù)的成本）可知，基于預(yù)測(cè)的商品和服務(wù)成本會(huì)降低，故A項(xiàng)“基于預(yù)測(cè)的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)成本將會(huì)降低”符合原文；從第四段第二句First,wewillstartusingpredictiontoperformtaskswherewepreviouslydidn’t.（首先，我們將開始使用預(yù)測(cè)來(lái)執(zhí)行以前沒(méi)有執(zhí)行的任務(wù)）可知，一些任務(wù)將被重新預(yù)測(cè)，B項(xiàng)“一些新的任務(wù)將被重新作為預(yù)測(cè)問(wèn)題”正確；第四段第三句指出Second,thevalueofotherthingsthatcomplementpredictionwillrise.（其次，補(bǔ)充預(yù)測(cè)的其他東西的價(jià)值將會(huì)上升），可知C項(xiàng)“幫助預(yù)測(cè)的附加品價(jià)格將上升”也正確；D項(xiàng)“人類判斷的價(jià)值將會(huì)降低”不屬于機(jī)器智能的影響。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

58.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“在第五段中，作者提到半導(dǎo)體是為了……”。第五段第一句提到Asmachineintelligencelowersthecostofprediction,wewillbegintouseitasaninputforthingsforwhichweneverpreviouslydid.（隨著機(jī)器智能降低了預(yù)測(cè)的成本，我們將開始把它作為一種輸入，用于我們以前從未做過(guò)的事情），接著就引出了半導(dǎo)體發(fā)展所帶來(lái)的攝影方面的變革這一例證，由此可推斷，技術(shù)的進(jìn)步降低了產(chǎn)品的成本；C項(xiàng)“說(shuō)明技術(shù)進(jìn)步會(huì)降低產(chǎn)品成本”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“表明技術(shù)在算術(shù)領(lǐng)域取得了重大進(jìn)步”和B項(xiàng)“解釋為什么膠片攝影被數(shù)碼攝影取代”是細(xì)節(jié)描述和舉例說(shuō)明，不是引出半導(dǎo)體真正的目的；D項(xiàng)“證明附加品的價(jià)格將會(huì)增加”這是產(chǎn)品成本下降后的影響，不屬于提及半導(dǎo)體的原因。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

59.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“機(jī)器智能對(duì)人類活動(dòng)的影響是……”。第七段第一句指出Asmachineintelligenceimproves,thevalueofhumanpredictionskillswilldecrease（隨著機(jī)器智能的提高，人類預(yù)測(cè)技能的價(jià)值將會(huì)下降），結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二句Usingthelanguageofeconomics,judgmentisacomplementtopredictionandthereforewhenthecostofpredictionfallsdemandforjudgmentrises.（用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的語(yǔ)言來(lái)說(shuō)，判斷是預(yù)測(cè)的補(bǔ)充，因此，當(dāng)預(yù)測(cè)的成本下降時(shí)，判斷的價(jià)值就會(huì)上升）可知，人類預(yù)測(cè)技能價(jià)值下降，判斷價(jià)值會(huì)增加，所以B項(xiàng)“人類的判斷將變得更有價(jià)值”正確。A項(xiàng)“人類預(yù)測(cè)的成本將會(huì)增加”，如果預(yù)測(cè)成本增加，那么判斷價(jià)值就會(huì)下降，這與原文不符；第七段第二句提到However,thisdoesnotspelldoomforhumanjobs,asmanyexpertssuggest.（然而，這并不像許多專家所說(shuō)的那樣意味著人類工作的末日）可以推斷，機(jī)器智能并不能完全取代人類的工作，所以C項(xiàng)“機(jī)器智能將取代人類的工作”錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“人們將在醫(yī)療上做出更多的決定”這只是用來(lái)對(duì)“人類的判斷將變得更有價(jià)值”而進(jìn)行的例證。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

60.主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最適合的標(biāo)題是……”。通讀全文，文章第一段提出了數(shù)字技術(shù)在“新經(jīng)濟(jì)”中帶來(lái)的影響，第二段引出智能機(jī)器，接著就詳細(xì)分析了機(jī)器智能對(duì)于市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)以及人類活動(dòng)的影響，因此可以判斷A項(xiàng)“機(jī)器智能的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“機(jī)器智能vs人類預(yù)測(cè)”、C項(xiàng)“數(shù)字技術(shù)的成本降低”和D項(xiàng)“機(jī)器智能的進(jìn)展”都只是在某個(gè)段落提及，不夠全面表達(dá)文章的內(nèi)容。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

______totheRevolutionaryWar,theUnitedStateswasanEnglishcolony.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Prior

B.Before

C.Preceding

D.Following

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)prior“先前的，優(yōu)先的”，B項(xiàng)before“之前”，C項(xiàng)preceding“在……之前，在前的”，D項(xiàng)following“其次的，接著的”。根據(jù)句子可知，priorto固定搭配，表示“在……之前”。句意：獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之前，美國(guó)是英國(guó)的殖民地。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Weallbuythingsonthe____ofthemoment;thisiswhattheretailtradecallsan“impulse”buy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.urge

B.force

C.spur

D.rush

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.urge強(qiáng)烈欲望B.force武力；力量

C.spur（onthe~ofthemoment）心血來(lái)潮D.rush匆忙

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配與名詞辨析

【解題思路】后文提到“這就是零售業(yè)所說(shuō)的”，這是對(duì)前一句話的補(bǔ)充，根據(jù)其中“‘沖動(dòng)’購(gòu)買（impulsebuy）”可知，前文“我們都是在____時(shí)候購(gòu)物”表述的是“我們一時(shí)沖動(dòng)就購(gòu)物”。短語(yǔ)onthespurofthemoment“一時(shí)沖動(dòng)之下；心血來(lái)潮”為固定搭配，因此，C選項(xiàng)spur“（onthe~ofthemoment）心血來(lái)潮”為正確選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)urge“強(qiáng)烈欲望”，不符合原句語(yǔ)義；

B選項(xiàng)force“武力；力量”，不符合原句語(yǔ)義；

D選項(xiàng)rush“匆忙”，指做事草率，其常用搭配為rushintosth/intodoingsth“匆忙做某事”。

【句意】我們都是在一時(shí)沖動(dòng)之下購(gòu)物；這就是零售業(yè)所說(shuō)的“沖動(dòng)”購(gòu)買。

9.單選題

Thefirehascausedgreatlosses,butthefactorytriedto______theconsequencesbysayingthatthedamagewasnotasseriousasreported.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decrease

B.subtract

C.minimize

D.degrade

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)decrease“減少，減小”，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物逐漸減少的過(guò)程，主要是指數(shù)量、質(zhì)量等方面的減少；B選項(xiàng)subtract“減去”；C選項(xiàng)minimize“最小化，將……減到最小”；D選項(xiàng)degrade“降低（地位），貶低”。句意：這場(chǎng)火災(zāi)造成了巨大損失，但工廠表示損失沒(méi)有報(bào)道的嚴(yán)重，試圖將后果降到最低。

10.單選題

Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.

“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likehandwashingwithsoap,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”saidDr.Curtis,thedirectoroftheHygieneCenterattheLondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicine.“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”

ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusedtointroducenewroutines.

Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrandsadvertisingthatnomorningiscompletewithoutaminty-freshmouth.

Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizers—whichareeffectiveevenifappliedathighnoon—areadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.

“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns,”saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble,thecompanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers’lives,andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”

Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.ButforactivistslikeDr.Curtis,thisemergingresearchoffersatypeofsalvation.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,consumers’goodhabitsinthepastweredevelopedby（）.

2.Judgingfromthecontext,theword“killers”(Line1,Para.2)mostprobablyrefersto（）.

3.Judgingfromthecontext,ColgateandCrestaremostprobably（）.

4.Bottledwater,chewinggum,andskinmoisturizersareusedinparagraph5asexamplestoindicate（）.

5.Whichofthefollowinggroupshasunfavorableopiniononadvertising?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theeffortsofmanycompanies

B.themselvesautomatically

C.perfectartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors

D.acarefullydesignedsetofdailycues

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.fundamentalpublichealthproblems

B.thingswhichareextremelydifficulttodealwith

C.peoplewhodeliberatelytakeother’slife

D.newbehaviorsthathappenautomatically

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.famousAmericancompanies

B.dailyconsumerproducts

C.tooth-pastebrands

D.pearlywhitejewelry

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceofgoodhabits

B.somedailynecessitiesforthecommonpeople

C.someproductsthathavesuccessfullychangedpeople’shabits

D.partofdailyorweeklypatternsofpeople’slife

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Consumerpsychologists

B.Socialscientists

C.Companypresidents

D.ActivistslikeDr.Curtis

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段首句“Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.在過(guò)去的十年中，許多公司已經(jīng)完善了在消費(fèi)者群體中形成自發(fā)性的行為或者說(shuō)是習(xí)慣的藝術(shù)?！庇纱丝芍^(guò)去消費(fèi)者的許多習(xí)慣實(shí)際上是很多公司努力培養(yǎng)的結(jié)果，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.詞義推斷題。根據(jù)第二段首句“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likehandwashingwithsoap,thatremainkillers.還有一些基本的公共衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題，比如用肥皂洗手，仍然是殺手?！庇纱丝芍?，“killer”指的就是“fundamentalpublichealthproblems”，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“Today,becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrandsadvertisingthatnomorningiscompletewithoutaminty-freshmouth.如今，由于精明的廣告宣傳和公共健康宣傳活動(dòng)，許多美國(guó)人習(xí)慣給他們珍珠般潔白的牙齒一天兩次的防蛀牙刷洗，常用的是高露潔、佳潔士或其他品牌中的某一個(gè)，這些產(chǎn)品經(jīng)常宣傳說(shuō)，沒(méi)有薄荷清新的口腔，早晨是不完整的。”由此可推測(cè)出，Colgate和Crest是牙膏品牌，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.判斷推理題。原文第六段的首句提及“當(dāng)我們的產(chǎn)品成為日常或每周模式的一部分時(shí)，我們的產(chǎn)品就成功了”，也就是說(shuō)，這些產(chǎn)品之所以成功，是因?yàn)樗鼈兏淖兞巳藗兊纳盍?xí)慣，而這些產(chǎn)品就是上文所提及的瓶裝水，口香糖和潤(rùn)膚霜。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的內(nèi)容可知“通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)和觀察，像伯寧博士這樣的社會(huì)科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到，通過(guò)無(wú)休止的廣告，將某些行為與習(xí)慣暗示聯(lián)系起來(lái)是有用的。隨著這種新的習(xí)慣科學(xué)出現(xiàn)，當(dāng)這種策略被用于銷售有問(wèn)題的美容霜或不健康食品時(shí)，爭(zhēng)議就爆發(fā)了?！庇纱丝芍?，社會(huì)科學(xué)家們可能會(huì)對(duì)廣告有不好的看法，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

11.單選題

OneoftheresponsibilitiesoftheCoastGuardistomakesurethatallships（

）follow

trafficrulesinbusyharbors.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dutifully

B.cautiously

C.faithfully

D.skillfully

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。dutifully“盡職盡責(zé)地，忠實(shí)地”；cautiously“慎重地，謹(jǐn)慎地”；faithfully“忠實(shí)地，忠誠(chéng)地”；skillfully“巧妙地，精巧地”。句意：海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)的職責(zé)之一便是確保繁忙港口的所有船只都遵守交通規(guī)則。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.單選題

FarmlandinpartsofJapanisnolongersafebecauseofhighlevelsofradiationinthesoil,scientistshavewarned,asthecountrystrugglestorecoverfromtheFukushimaatomicdisaster.Ateamofinternationalresearcherssaidfoodproductionwouldlikelybe"severelyimpaired"bytheelevatedlevelsofcaesium（放射性銫）foundinsoilsamplesacrosseasternFukushimainthewakeofmeltdownsatthetsunami-hitplant.Thestudysuggestsfarminginneighboringareasmayalsosufferbecauseofradiation,althoughlevelsdiscoveredtherewerewithinlegallimits."Fukushimaareaasawholeishighlypolluted,*'especiallytothenorthwestofthenuclearpowerplant,theresearcherssaid.Thestudylookedatcaesium-137,whichhasahalf-lifeof30yearsandthereforeaffectstheenvironmentfordecades.

Thelegallimitforconcentrationsinsoilwherericeisgrownofthesumofcaesium-134andcaesium-137,whicharealwaysproducedtogether,is5,000becquerelsperkilograminJapan.‘TheeastFukushimaareaexceededthislimitandsomeneighboringareassuchasMiyagi,TochigiandIbarakiarepartiallyclosetothelimitunderourupper-boundestimate,"thestudysaid."EstimatedandobservedpollutioninthewesternpartsofJapanwerenotasserious,eventhoughsomeareaswerelikelyaffectedtosomeextent,"itadded.

"Concentrationintheseareasarebelow25becquerelsperkilogram,whichisfarbelowthethresholdforfarming.However,westronglyrecommendeachareatoquicklycarryoutsomesupplementarysoilsamplingsatcitylevelstovalidateourestimates."

Thestudysaid‘foodproductionineasternFukushimaareaislikelyseverelyimpairedbythecaesium-137loadsofmorethan2,500becquerelsperkilogram’.

ThestudywasledbyTeppeiYasunarioftheUniversitiesSpaceResearchAssociationintheUSstateofMaryland.Heandhisteamuseddailyobservations