unit 4 text B

TextBChangingAttitudestoLifelongEmployment,Text,Wordsshesalwayscheerful.Whatsyourattitudetohissuggestion?,BACK,lifelong,adj.continuingforalifetime畢生的,終身的e.g.alifelongfriend/一輩子的朋友,BACK,employment,n.1.theactofemploying雇傭2.thestateofbeingemployed被雇傭的狀態(tài)3.theworkinwhichoneisengaged;occupation某人所從事的工作；職業(yè)e.g.Helefthishometolookforemployment.他離家去找職業(yè)。,BACK,corporation,n.1.abodythatisgrantedacharterlegallyrecognizingitasaseparatelegalentityhavingitsownrights,privileges,andliabilitiesdistinctfromthoseofitsmembers法人2.agroupofpeoplecombinedintooractingasonebody集體e.g.JohnworksforalargeAmericanchemicalcorporation.約翰為一家美國(guó)大化學(xué)公司工作。,BACK,hire,v.1.toengagetheservicesof(aperson)forafee;employ雇傭e.g.hireanewclerk2.toengagethetemporaryuseofforafee;rent租用e.g.hireacarforthedayn.1.theactofhiring雇傭;雇傭的行為2.theconditionorfactofbeinghired受雇,BACK,major,adj.1.greaterthanothersinimportanceorrank主要的，較重要的e.g.amajorartist主要的藝術(shù)家2.greatinscopeoreffect卓越的，顯著的e.g.amajorimprovementn.主修科目，專業(yè)學(xué)生e.g.IamanEnglishmajor.,BACK,huntv.1.tosearchfor搜尋,尋找e.g.Thechildrenhuntedforseashellsonthebeach.Ihuntedeverywhereformylostkeys.2.tochaseinordertocatchandkillwildanimals打獵,獵取e.g.Everyautumn,manypeoplehuntdeerinthisarea.n.1.asearch搜尋,尋找e.g.Wewentonahuntforthelostdocument.2.anactofhuntingforwildanimals打獵,狩獵:e.g.thelonghuntthroughthefieldsandwoods,BACK,representv.,1.tostandfor;symbolize代表；象征e.g.ThebaldeaglerepresentstheUnitedStates.禿鷹象征了美國(guó)。2.toindicateorcommunicatebysignsorsymbols意指e.g.Lettersofthealphabetrepresentsounds.字母表中的字母意指發(fā)音。,BACK,probably,mostlikely;presumably很可能地；大概e.g.Itwillprobablyrain.天很可能要下雨了。A:Willitrainthisafternoon?B:Probablynot.,adv.,BACK,employer,n.雇主e.g.Thecarindustryisoneofourbiggestemployers.汽車工業(yè)是我們最大的雇主之一。構(gòu)詞employ雇用+-or者：employer雇主employ雇用+-ee被者：employee雇員,BACK,policy,n.1.aplanorcourseofaction,asofagovernment,politicalparty,orbusiness,intendedtoinfluenceanddeterminedecisions,actions,andothermatters政策e.g.thecompanyspersonnelpolicy/該公司的人事政策2.acourseofaction,guidingprinciple,orprocedureconsideredexpedient,prudent,oradvantageous手段；計(jì)謀；策略e.g.Honestyisthebestpolicy.誠(chéng)實(shí)是最好的策略。,BACK,particularly,adv.1.toagreatdegree;especially很大程度上地；特別地e.g.Iparticularlylikethebrownshoes.2.withparticularreferenceoremphasis;individuallyorspecifically特別提及或強(qiáng)調(diào)地；個(gè)別地或具體地e.g.Everyonehasamomentinhistorywhichbelongsparticularlytohim.每個(gè)人在歷史上都有只屬于他自己的一刻。,BACK,training,n.1.theprocessorroutineofonewhotrains訓(xùn)練e.g.trainingfortherace/為參加賽跑而鍛煉2.thestateofbeingtrained受訓(xùn),BACK,staff,n.1.astoutstickusedasaweapon棍棒；警棍2.thepersonnelwhocarryoutaspecificenterprise全體雇員e.g.thenursingstaffofahospitalv.1.toprovidewithastaffofworkersorassistants為配置工人或助手等職工2.toserveonthestaffof作的雇員,BACK,n.1.allthepeopleemployedbyacompany,inthearmedforces,etc.員工e.g.Titarypersonnel2.thedepartmentinacompanythatdealswith(thecomplaintsanddifficultiesof)theemployees人事部e.g.thepersonnelmanagerIwenttopersonneltoaskaboutthecompanyretirementprogram.,personnel,BACK,managern.,1.onewhohandles,controls,ordirects,especially經(jīng)營(yíng)人2.onewhodirectsabusinessorotherenterprise經(jīng)理3.onewhocontrolsresourcesandexpenditures,asofahousehold當(dāng)家人e.g.Mywifeisanexcellentmanager.我太太是個(gè)很好的管家。,BACK,firm,n.公司,(合伙)商號(hào)adj.1.resistanttoexternallyappliedpressure堅(jiān)硬的e.g.afirmbelief/堅(jiān)定的信念Pricesarestillfirm.物價(jià)仍然穩(wěn)定。Theteacherwasfirmanddidnotchangehermind.老師很堅(jiān)決，他不改變主意。2.markedbyorindicatingthetoneandresiliencyofhealthytissue健壯的e.g.firmmuscles/結(jié)實(shí)的肌肉,BACK,select,v.totakeasachoicefromamongseveral;pickout選擇，選出e.g.Iwasselectedfortheteam.我被選入這個(gè)隊(duì)。adj.singledoutinpreference;chosen挑選出來(lái)的；精選的e.g.aselectfew/精選出來(lái)的少數(shù),BACK,suitable,adj.appropriatetoapurposeoranoccasion合適的e.g.Thistoyisnotsuitableforyoungchildren.這個(gè)玩具不適合小孩玩。,BACK,employeen.,apersonwhoworksforanotherinreturnforfinancialorothercompensation雇員e.g.employeebenefits/雇員利益employeeunions/雇員聯(lián)合會(huì)employeerelations/雇員關(guān)系,BACK,recentlyadv.,最近，新近e.g.ThecompanyhasrecentlyacquiredanewofficebuildingincentralBoston.這家公司最近在波斯頓市中心買了一幢新的辦公樓。Thingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet.近來(lái)情況變得如此糟糕,以致他決定節(jié)食了。,BACK,investment,n.1.theactofinvesting/投資2.anamountinvested/投資額3.propertyoranotherpossessionacquiredforfuturefinancialreturnorbenefit/資本4.acommitment,asoftimeorsupport/投入,BACK,advantage,n.1.abeneficialfactororcombinationoffactors有利條件2.benefitorprofit;gain利益e.g.Itistoyouradvantagetoinvestwisely.明智地投資對(duì)你很有利。3.arelativelyfavorableposition;superiorityofmeans有利地位e.g.Abettereducationgaveustheadvantage.良好的教育使我們處于有利地位。,BACK,flexible,adj.1.capableofbeingbentorflexed;pliable柔軟的2.capableofbeingbentrepeatedlywithoutinjuryordamage彈性的3.susceptibletoinfluenceorpersuasion;tractable溫順的4.responsivetochange;adaptable可變通的；易適應(yīng)的e.g.aflexibleschedule/可變通的日程表,BACK,international,adj.1.of,relatingto,orinvolvingtwoormorenations國(guó)際的e.g.aninternationalcommission/一個(gè)國(guó)際委員會(huì)internationalaffairs/國(guó)際事務(wù)2.extendingacrossortranscendingnationalboundaries超越國(guó)界的ernationalfame/國(guó)際聲譽(yù)n.國(guó)際性組織,國(guó)際比賽,BACK,layoff,1.toterminatetheemploymentof(aworker),especiallytemporarily暫時(shí)解雇員工e.g.laid-offworkers/下崗工人2.tomarkoff劃界線e.g.layoffanareaforagarden/劃出一塊區(qū)域作為花園,BACK,TextBChangingAttitudestoLifelongEmployment,1Thisfall,asusual,companiesandcorporationsarebusilyhiringnewgraduates.Majorcitiesarecrowdedwithyoungmenandwomenwhohavejustgraduatedfromhighschoolorcollegeandwhoarehuntingforajob.2Onehighschoolgraduatesaysthattheemploymentseasonrepresentsjudgmentdayformanystudents.“Ourwholelivesaredecidedduringthisperiodwhenwerelookingforacompanytoworkfor,”shesays.“IknowthatwhenIfinallyfindajob,Illprobablybewiththatcompanyfortherestofmylife,andthatmakesthejobsearchveryimportant.”,HOME,NEXT,譯文,3Forsomeemployers,thepolicyoflifetimeemploymentisparticularlyimportantbecauseitmeansthattheycanputmoneyandeffortintotrainingtheirstaff.Thepersonnelmanagerofonelargefirmreportsthatthepolicyhereisdifferentfrommostothercountries,wherecompaniesemploypeoplewhoarealreadytrainedandwhoseskillscanbeusedimmediately.“Whatwedohere,however,istoselectyoungpeoplewhohavepotentialandwhocanbetrained,”hesaid.“Wethengivethemthekindsofskillsthatwillmakethemsuitableemployeesforus.”,NEXT,譯文,TextB(continued),BACK,TextB(continued2),4Onerecentlyemployedgraduatesaysthatsheisreceivingagreatdealofvaluabletrainingfromthecompany.“ThismeansthatIwillbealoyalemployee,”shesays.“Anditalsomeansthatthecompanywillkeepme.Iamanimportantinvestmentforthem.Sothepolicyisagoodonebecauseitisofgreatbenefittoboththeemployerandtheemployee.”,NEXT,BACK,譯文,5Recently,however,attitudestowardlifelongemploymentarebeginningtochange.Employeesareslowlybeginningtoaccepttheideathatlifelongemploymentisnotalwaysintheirbestinterestandthatchangingfirmscanhavecareeradvantages.Companiesarealsodevelopingmoreflexibleemploymentpolicies.“IthoughtIhadajobforlife,”saysoneyoungwomanwholastedjustsixmonthsinherfirstjob.“However,whenthecompanylostabiginternationalorder,Iwaslaidoff.Imnowlookingforanotherjob.”,HOME,BACK,譯文,TextB(continued3),變化中的終身就業(yè)觀1跟往年一樣,今年秋季各家公司正忙于招聘應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生。大城市里擠滿了剛剛從中學(xué)或大學(xué)畢業(yè)的青年男女,大家都在忙著找工作。2一個(gè)中學(xué)畢業(yè)生說(shuō),就業(yè)季節(jié)對(duì)于許多學(xué)生而言意味著最后審判日。她說(shuō),“當(dāng)我們?cè)趯ふ夜ぷ鲉挝粫r(shí),我們的一生就被決定了。我知道,當(dāng)我最后找到一份工作,我可能會(huì)從一而終。這就使得找工作這件事變得極為重要?！?課文譯文,BACK,3對(duì)于一些雇主而言,終身雇用的政策極為重要,因?yàn)檫@意味著公司可以投入財(cái)力和物力培訓(xùn)自己的雇員。一家大公司的人事部經(jīng)理說(shuō),他們的政策不同于大多數(shù)其他國(guó)家。在其他國(guó)家,公司雇用已經(jīng)受過(guò)培訓(xùn)的人,這些人所掌握的技能馬上就能派上用場(chǎng)?！叭欢覀兯龅氖绿暨x一些有潛力,可培養(yǎng)的年輕人,然后傳授他們技能,把他們培養(yǎng)成公司需要的員工。”,課文譯文,BACK,課文譯文,4一個(gè)新近被錄用的畢業(yè)生說(shuō)公司正給她提供大量有價(jià)值的培訓(xùn)。她說(shuō):“這意味著我將成為一名忠誠(chéng)的員工,同時(shí)也意味著公司將留住我。我是公司的一項(xiàng)重要投資。因此,終身雇用是一項(xiàng)很好的投資政策,它對(duì)雇主和雇員都有利?！?BACK,5然后,近來(lái)人們多終身雇用的看法有了轉(zhuǎn)變。雇員們慢慢地開始接受了這樣的觀念:終身就業(yè)于某一單位對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)并非最好,跳槽有利于職業(yè)發(fā)展。一些公司也正在開發(fā)更具有彈性的就業(yè)政策。一位年輕婦女第一份工作只干了半年,她說(shuō):“以前我以為得到了一份終身職業(yè),可是當(dāng)公司失去了一筆巨額國(guó)際訂單后,我就失業(yè)了。現(xiàn)在,我正在另找工作?！?課文譯文,BACK,Majorcitiesarecrowdedwithyoungmenandwomenwhohavejustgraduatedfromhighschoolorcollegeandwhoarehuntingforajob.大城市擠滿了剛剛從中學(xué)或大學(xué)畢業(yè)的正在找工作的畢業(yè)生。句中有兩個(gè)并列的以who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的menandwomen.,BACK,JudgmentDay最后審判日根據(jù),到了世界末日，死者將從墓中復(fù)活，接受基督審判，其中好人升上天堂，壞人貶入地獄。1.thetimeafterdeathwheneveryoneisjudgedbyGodforwhattheyhavedoneinlife,accordingtoChristianityandsomeotherreligions,also:DayofJudgment;TheLastJudgment2.thedaywhenaveryimportanteventtakesplace:e.g.TomorrowisjudgmentdayformebecauseIwillknowwhetherIgetthejob.,BACK,IknowthatwhenIfinallyfindajob,Illprobablybewiththatcompanyfortherestofmylife,andthatmakesthejobsearchveryimportant.”我知道當(dāng)我最終找到一份工作，我會(huì)在那家公司干一輩子，這就使得找工作這件事極其重要。句中bewith意思是“在（某單位）工作”,and后面的that指的是要在那家公司干一輩子這個(gè)情況。Exercise漢譯英:他在這家公司干了十年了。Key:Hesbeenwiththefirmfortenyears.,BACK,Thepersonnelmanagerofonelargefirmreportsthatthepolicyhereisdifferentfrommostothercountries,wherecompaniesemploypeoplewhoarealreadytrainedandwhoseskillscanbeusedimmediately.一家大公司的人事經(jīng)理說(shuō)他們的政策不同于大多數(shù)別的國(guó)家，在別的國(guó)家，公司雇用受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的人，這些人的技能馬上就可以用得上。句中where引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾othercountries.該句還包含兩個(gè)分別以who和whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。,BACK,Employeesareslowlybeginningtoaccepttheideathatlifelongemploymentisnotalwaysintheirbestinterestandthatchangingfirmscanhavecareeradvantages雇員們慢慢地開始接受了這樣的理念：終身就職于某一單位對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)并非最好，跳槽對(duì)職業(yè)發(fā)展有好處。insbsinterest:helpingsomeoneandgivingthemanadvantagee.g.actinthebestinterestofthepatientIheinterestofsb.:inordertoachieveaparticularsituationorqualitye.g.Itisinourinterestthattherewillbepeaceinthatarea.Intheinterestofsafety,passengersareadvisedtoweartheirseatbeltsatalltimes.,BACK,IthoughtIhadafobforlife,”saysoneyoungwomanwholastedjustsixmonthsinherfirstjob“我認(rèn)為我有了一份一輩子的工作，”一個(gè)年輕女子說(shuō)，她的第一份工作僅僅維持了6個(gè)月。sixmonths前省略了forlastv.1.tocontinuetoexist近enduree.g.Howlongwillthemeetinglast?Mostsessionslastabouthalfanhour.2.tobeenoughforaperiodoftimee.g.Iveonlygot$5tolastmetilltheendoftheweek.3.tosurvive,livee.g.Thewoundedisnotexpectedtolastthenight.近survive,BACK,MainIdeasFillintheblankswithappropriatewordsaccordingtothereadingpassage.Manyhighschoolandcollegegraduateshavetheideathatoncetheyareemployed,theywillbe_thatcompanyforthe_oftheirlives.Atthesametime,some_haveadoptedalifetimeemployment_.Oncetheyhirepeople,theycanputmoneyand_intotrainingthem,andmakethem_employeesforthecompanies._someextent,thispolicyisgoodbecauseitisofgreatbenefittobothemployersand_.Recently,however,someemployeesarebeginningtochangetheir_towardthelifelongemploymentandtheythinkchangingfirmscanbringthemcareer_.,with,rest,employers,policy,effort,suitable,To,employees,attitudes,advantages,HOME,DetailedUnderstandingofTextBCompletethefollowingsentencesaccordingtothetext.1.Benefitsoflifelongemploymentforemployees:1)Theycan_.2)Theycan_.2.Benefitoflifelongemploymentforemployers:Thecompanycanhave_.,receivevaluabletraining,bekeptbythecompany,loyalemployees,NEXT,3.Reasons