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1、過程確認及方法概述第1頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Agenda/Topics日程 / 主題What is Process Validation? 什么是過程確認?Brief history of validation 確認的簡要歷史Who concerns about validation?誰關(guān)心確認?Expectations 期望Definitions/Compliance 定義 / 符合性Validation Economics 確認的經(jīng)濟意義Examples of Warning Letters 警告信的案例Elements of Process Valid

2、ation過程確認的要素When to Validate 何時確認Validation Master Plans 確認主計劃What is Required to Be Outstanding in Process Validation? 確認中需要強調(diào)什么?Steps to Validation of a Process 過程確認的步驟Protocol development 方案編制 IQ 安裝鑒定OQ 操作鑒定PQ 性能鑒定The Final Report 最終報告Revalidation再確認Monitoring監(jiān)控第2頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Why

3、Are we discuss this? 為什么我們要討論?Validation may be new 也許確認對你來說是一個全新的概念You need a refresher 你需要更新知識You have specific questions你有一些具體的問題You may be under a 483 (or worse, a warning letter!) 也許你已經(jīng)收到了483(或更糟,警告信!)第3頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三What is Process Validation (FDA)?什么是過程確認(FDA)?Process validatio

4、n is establishing documented evidence which provides a high degree of assurance that a specific process will consistently produce a product meeting its predetermined specifications and quality characteristics 過程確認就是建立一套能證明特定的過程可以以高度的信心持續(xù)地生產(chǎn)出滿足預(yù)定規(guī)格和質(zhì)量特性的產(chǎn)品的書面證據(jù)。Guidelines on General Principle of Proc

5、ess Validation, GMP Manual, May 1987過程確認總原則指導(dǎo), 1987年5月,GMP手冊,第4頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三What is Process Validation (GHTF)?什么是過程確認(GHTF)? Process validation: establishing by objective evidence that a process consistently produces a result or product meeting its predetermined requirements.過程確認:有客觀

6、證據(jù)支持,即過程將連續(xù)地產(chǎn)出符合預(yù)定要求的結(jié)果或產(chǎn)品。 2004 GHTF 第5頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三History of Validation確認的簡要歷史 Before 1978.no FDA regulations 1978年之前.沒有FDA法規(guī)Current GMP became law in 1978目前的GMP是在1978年成為法規(guī)的1987Global Harmonization Task Force released: Quality Management SystemsProcess Validation Guidance1987年醫(yī)療器械

7、全球協(xié)調(diào)行動組織發(fā)布:質(zhì)量管理體系-過程確認指導(dǎo)1987FDA release: Guideline on General Principles of Process Validation1987年發(fā)布FDA:過程確認總原則指導(dǎo)1999Global Harmonization Task Force update: Quality Management SystemsProcess Validation Guidance 1999年醫(yī)療器械全球協(xié)調(diào)行動組織更新了:質(zhì)量管理體系-過程確認指導(dǎo)2004Global Harmonization Task Force update: Quality Ma

8、nagement SystemsProcess Validation Guidance2004年醫(yī)療器械全球協(xié)調(diào)行動組織更新了:質(zhì)量管理體系-過程確認指導(dǎo)第6頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Who concerns about validation?誰關(guān)心確認?Medical device manufacturing and quality management regulatory 醫(yī)療器械生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量管理規(guī)范FDA Preamble FDA導(dǎo)言ISO13485:2003;YY0287:200321 CFR 820FDA Regulation 21 CFR 820FDA

9、法規(guī)Global Harmonization Task Force 全球醫(yī)療器械協(xié)調(diào)行動組織Company who hopes to consistently produce a product meeting its predetermined specifications and quality characteristics 希望能持續(xù)地生產(chǎn)出滿足預(yù)定規(guī)格和質(zhì)量特性的產(chǎn)品的公司 第7頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三The Expectation 期望One of the principles on which the quality systems regula

10、tion is based is that all processes require some degree of qualification, verification, or validation, and manufacturers should not rely solely on inspection and testing to ensure processes are adequate for their intended use.質(zhì)量體系法規(guī)建立的基本原則之一是:所有的過程都要求進行一定程度的認證、驗證、或確認,制造商不應(yīng)該僅僅依靠檢驗和測試來確保其過程能充分地滿足其預(yù)期要求

11、。Preamble #41, pg. 52612 第8頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Does Your Company Need to Do Process Validation? 你們公司需要做過程確認嗎?Yes, if you are producing a medical device (it is the law!) 是的,如果你們生產(chǎn)醫(yī)療器械,需要做過程確認(這是法規(guī)要求?。¦hat are classes of medical devices?醫(yī)療器械的類別 Class I 一類Class II 二類Class III 三類第9頁,共72頁,2022年,

12、5月20日,18點38分,星期三Does Your Company Need to Do Process Validation?你們公司需要做過程確認嗎? Are any classes of medical devices exempt? 哪個類別的醫(yī)療器械不需要做過程確認?No! Unless specifically stated in Medical Device Exemptions 510(k) and GMP Requirements沒有!除非醫(yī)療器械豁免510(k) 和GMP要求中有特別聲明。第10頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Definitions

13、定義Understanding definitions is important in making sure we all are on the same page especially when it comes to talking with the FDA.理解定義對于確保我們有相同的理解是非常重要,尤其當我們與FDA討論時。Your definition of how a term is interpreted is not as important as knowing how the FDA interprets it!對于一個條款的解釋,你個人的解釋沒有了解FDA的解釋重要。第

14、11頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Objective Evidence客觀證據(jù)Objective evidence is information that can be proved true, based on facts through observation, measurement, test or other means.客觀證據(jù)是可以通過觀察、測量、測試或其他方法被證實為真實的信息。ISO 8402 2.19As the old saying goes, “If you didnt document it, you didnt do it!”正如老話所說

15、“如果你沒有做記錄,就等于你什么也沒做”。第12頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Verification驗證Confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that specified requirements have been fulfilled.通過檢查并提供客觀證據(jù)來證實已經(jīng)滿足特定的要求。 820.3 (aa)第13頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Process Validation Protocol過程確認方案A document stating ho

16、w validation will be conducted, including test parameters, product characteristics, manufacturing equipment, and decision points on what constitutes acceptable test results. 說明如何實施確認的文件,包含了測試參數(shù)、產(chǎn)品特性、生產(chǎn)設(shè)備和由什么構(gòu)成可接受測試結(jié)果的判斷要點。 2004 GHTFSometimes validation requires you start with the acceptance criteria

17、 and work backwards.有時候,過程確認要求你首先從確定接受標準開始,逆向?qū)嵤┐_認。 第14頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Installation qualification (IQ)安裝鑒定(IQ) Establishing by objective evidence that all key aspects of the process equipment and ancillary system installation adhere to the manufacturers approved specification and that th

18、e recommendations of the supplier of the equipment are suitably considered.用客觀證據(jù)來支持證明,所安裝的過程設(shè)備和輔助系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵安裝方面,能滿足制造商已批準的技術(shù)規(guī)范,且供應(yīng)商的建議也被恰當?shù)目紤]了。 2004 GHTF第15頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Operational qualification (OQ)操作鑒定(OQ)Establishing by objective evidence process control limits and action levels which

19、result in product that meets all predetermined requirements 用客觀證據(jù)確定能夠生產(chǎn)出滿足所有預(yù)定要求的產(chǎn)品的過程控制極限和行動標準。2004 GHTF 第16頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Performance qualification (PQ)性能鑒定(PQ)establishing by objective evidence that the process, under anticipated conditions, consistently produces a product which mee

20、ts all predetermined requirements.用客觀證據(jù)確定,在預(yù)期條件下,過程能連續(xù)地產(chǎn)出符合所有預(yù)定要求的產(chǎn)品。 2004 GHTF第17頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Validation Economics確認的經(jīng)濟意義What is the cost of validating a process?進行過程確認所付出的成本是什么?What is the cost of not validating a process?不進行過程確認所付出的成本是什么?第18頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Validation

21、Economics確認的經(jīng)濟意義 Increased output (process velocity) 產(chǎn)量提升(過程速度)Fewer product nonconformances 更少的不合格產(chǎn)品Less scrap and rework 更少量的報廢和重新加工Fewer complaints 更少的投訴The process becomes characterized 過程變得特征化Process becomes more predictable 過程變得更可預(yù)測Less chance of recalls 更少召回的可能性Regulatory compliance 符合法規(guī)要求第19

22、頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Examples from Warning Letters來自警告信中的案例This lot was not produced using the manufacturing process discussed in the validation study protocol.這批產(chǎn)品沒有按照確認方案中討論的制造過程生產(chǎn)。The molding operation was changed to improve the visibility of the biohazard symbol on the cap; the interlock

23、 of the cap into the tube was changed to improve the pull strength testing; and short caps were added to accommodate different size syringes. Verifications and/or validations, design reviews, design releases, and design approvals were not performed for any of these changes. .對于這些變更沒有實施確認和/或確認,設(shè)計評審,設(shè)

24、計發(fā)布,以及設(shè)計批準。Specifically, records were not available to show that the burst test on lot 31255 was performed at the maximum sterilization dose. 特別是,沒有記錄可以表明批號為31255的產(chǎn)品按照最大滅菌劑量進行了爆裂測試。Your firm failed to verify/validate several process deviations as required by 21 CFR 820.75.你們沒有按照21 CFR 820.75的要求進行驗證/

25、確認過程偏差。第20頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Some FDA Compliance Officer CommentsFDA符合官員的一些評論 “Specifications need to be developed before you get to the validation stage.”“進行確認之前,需要制訂技術(shù)規(guī)范?!薄癕anufacturers sometimes miss the step of completing adequate protocols before proceeding with validation activities.

26、” “制造商有時會忘記在開始確認之前完成充分的方案。”“Manufacturers sometimes fail to revisit the validation process when modifications are made in products or processes.” “當發(fā)生產(chǎn)品或過程變更時,制造商有時沒有重新進行過程確認?!钡?1頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三So Why Dont Companies Just Do It?為什么我們不能馬上進行過程確認呢? Misunderstanding of the regulation對法規(guī)的誤解L

27、ack of knowledge in execution 缺乏實施的知識Lack of resources to execute 缺乏實施的資源Fear of failure 害怕失敗Lack of management support 缺乏管理層支持Fear of delay to market 擔心延誤了上市Inhibits process change 隱藏了過程變化第22頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三過程確認的要素確認安裝鑒定操作鑒定性能鑒定開發(fā)第23頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三何時確認A過程輸出可驗證嗎?B驗證是充分及成本可

28、接受嗎?C驗證并控制過程D確認E重新設(shè)計產(chǎn)品和/或過程第24頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Processes Which Should Be Validated需要確認的過程 Sterilization滅菌 Clean room ambient conditions凈化室周圍的環(huán)境Aseptic filling processes 無菌填充過程 Sterile packaging sealing processes無菌包裝密封過程Lyophilization process (低壓)凍干過程 Heat treating processes熱處理過程Plastic i

29、njection molding process 注塑成型過程 2004 GHTF 第25頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Processes That May Be Verified可以驗證的過程 Manual cutting processes手動切割過程Testing for color, turbidity, total pH for solutions測試溶液的顏色,混濁度,總的pH值Visual inspection of printed circuit boards印制電路板的目視檢驗Manufacturing and testing of wiring

30、harnesses 電纜線束的制造和測試 2004 GHTF 第26頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三What is a Validation Master Plan?什么是確認主計劃(VMP) A master validation plan identifies those processes to be validated, the schedule for validations, interrelationships between processes requiring validation and timing for revalidations. Onc

31、e these have been established, and the purpose and scope for validations are clearly stated and known, protocol development can commence 確認主計劃用以明確哪些過程要確認,確認(過程)的進度表,要求確認的過程和再確認(過程)時間選定上的相互關(guān)系。一旦確定了上述內(nèi)容、清楚地規(guī)定確認的目的和范圍并對外告知,方案的編制便可以著手進行了。 It documents specifically the validation of equipment, processes,

32、 software, facilities, etc . 它記錄了要被確認的設(shè)備、過程、軟件、設(shè)施等。Its a map of the process validation process for the team to follow. 它是團隊要遵守的過程確認主線圖。A VMP is an index that FDA can follow in understanding your validations. 確認主計劃是FDA 用來理解你的確認的索引 第27頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Why Use a Validation Master Plan?為什么要用

33、確認主計劃Although these are not required by the FDA regulations it is one of the first things that an auditor may ask for during an inspection. 盡管這不是FDA法規(guī)所要求的,但是它是審核員在檢查過程中所要求的首要東西之一。If a company holds true to its VMP and its documented evidence, credibility is established and FDA will have more confide

34、nce in ones outcomes. 如果公司能夠按照VMP做并且記錄了證據(jù),信任就建立起來了,F(xiàn)DA對其結(jié)果就會更有信心。第28頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Why Use a Validation Master Plan?為什么要用確認主計劃Allows one to be proactive rather than reactive. 考慮前瞻性而不是事后反應(yīng)Provides definition, scope creep, and commitment to responsibilities. 提供了定義、范圍以及對職責的承諾It provides a

35、 map or guide to the auditor defining how the company is tying their concept to reality in order to successfully achieve user requirements. 它為審核員提供了公司為了成功的滿足用戶的要求而如何將公司的觀念和實際聯(lián)系在一起的路線圖或指導(dǎo)方向第29頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Components of a Validation Master Plan?確認主計劃的組成Definition of the project 項目定義Str

36、ategy or approach to the project 項目的策略或方法Scope of the project 項目的范圍What processes will be validated? 將被確認的過程What processes will be verified? 將被驗證的過程Responsibilities 職責第30頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Components of a Validation Master Plan?確認主計劃的組成Are there any special considerations? 是否有任何特殊的考慮?Key m

37、ilestones 關(guān)鍵的里程碑Validation protocol numbers確認方案的編號A VMP, per se, is not the same as a project plan!第31頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三What is in a Validation Master Plan?確認主計劃是什么確認方案編號.編號EVAPVA 計劃開始日期計劃完成日期實際完成日期EN是否完成了?責任人備注IQOQPOOQPQ設(shè)備過程第32頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三What is Required to Be Outstandi

38、ng in Process Validation?過程確認中需要強調(diào)什么? Planning 計劃Cross functional team THAT CAN WORK TOGETHER! 相關(guān)職能部門,一起合作Profound process knowledge 淵博的過程知識Having a long term commitment 長期的承諾Roadmap reflecting regulatory guidelines能反映法規(guī)指導(dǎo)的路標圖Metrics to map progress 進展的指標Passion for excellence追求卓越的激情第33頁,共72頁,2022年,

39、5月20日,18點38分,星期三Steps to Validation of a Process過程確認的步驟Form a multi-disciplinary team 組建一個多功能小組Plan the approach and define requirements 制定步驟并定義要求 Identify and describe the process 識別和描述過程 Specify process parameters and desired output 規(guī)定過程參數(shù)和希望的輸出 Decide on verification and or validation 就驗證和(或)確認做出

40、決定 Create a Validation Master Plan 制定一個主要確認方案 第34頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Steps to Validation of a ProcessSelect methods and tools for validations 選擇確認的方法和工具 Create validation protocols 編制確認方案 Perform IQ, OQ, PQ and document results 執(zhí)行IQ、OQ、PQ并將結(jié)果形成文件 Determine continuous process controls 確定連續(xù)的過

41、程控制 Control the process continuously 連續(xù)地控制過程 第35頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Protocol development方案編制 Process validation protocols should include the following elements:過程確認方案應(yīng)該包括如下元素: Complete description of the process 過程的完整描述 Identification of the process to be validated 要確認的過程標識 Select the worst

42、 case 選擇最差條件(產(chǎn)品) Identification of device(s) to be manufactured using this process 在這個過程下產(chǎn)出的器械的標識 Objective and measurable criteria for a successful validation 一個成功確認的目標和可測量的標準 Length and duration of the validation 確認的用時和有效期限 Shifts, operators, equipment to be used in the process 過程中采用的輪班制、操作人員和設(shè)備 I

43、dentification of utilities for the process equipment and quality of the utilities 過程設(shè)備中使用器具(utilities)的標識和質(zhì)量 Identification of operators and required operator qualification 操作員識別和要求的操作員資格(證) 第36頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Protocol development方案編制 、 Relevant specifications that relate to the product

44、, components, manufacturing materials, etc 產(chǎn)品、元件、生產(chǎn)材料等的相關(guān)規(guī)格 Any special controls or conditions to be placed on preceding processes during the validation 在(過程)確認中,對先發(fā)生的過程所設(shè)置的任何特殊控制或條件 Process parameters to be monitored, and methods for controlling and monitoring 要監(jiān)控的過程參數(shù)和監(jiān)控方法 Product characteristics

45、to be monitored and method for monitoring 監(jiān)視的產(chǎn)品特性和方法 Any subjective criteria used to evaluate the product 用來評估產(chǎn)品的主觀標準 Definition of what constitutes non-conformance for both measurable and subjective criteria 對于可測量標準和主觀標準,定義什么是不合格 Statistical methods for data collection and analysis 數(shù)據(jù)收集和分析的統(tǒng)計方法 Con

46、sideration of maintenance and repairs of manufacturing equipment 生產(chǎn)設(shè)備保養(yǎng)和修理方面的考慮 IQ、OQ & PQ Criteria for revalidation 再確認標準 第37頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Protocol development方案編制 For all three phases, IQ, OQ, and PQ, based on product/process requirements:對于三個階段,IQ、OQ和PQ都要基于產(chǎn)品或過程的要求: Determine what

47、to verify/measure 決定驗證或測量什么 Determine how to verify/measure 決定如何驗證或測量 Determine how many to verify/measure, i.e. statistical significance 決定驗證或測量多少,如統(tǒng)計量 Determine when to verify/measure 決定何時驗證或測量 Define acceptance/rejection criteria 規(guī)定接受或拒絕的標準 Define required documentation 規(guī)定要求的文件 Remember: protocol

48、 must be reviewed and approved before execution 記住,在實施前,方案必須被評審和批準。第38頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Protocol development方案編制 Generally, protocol includes 4 sections:一般來講,方案可分為四大部分:The 1st section: validation overview, including validation scope, process description, background, worst cases, length an

49、d duration of the validation, objective etc.第一部分:確認概述部分,包含確認范圍,過程描述,背景介紹,最差條件挑選,確認的用時和有效期限,目標 等等;The 2nd section: qualification readiness, including the requirements for man, machine, material, method, environment, test and label & traceability,PFMEA etc. 第二部分:鑒定準備階段,包含所有的人、機、料、法、環(huán)、測及標志和追溯,PFMEA等要求和

50、準備;The 3rd section: qualification (IQ,OQ&PQ), including qualification plan and deviation disposal etc. 第三部分:鑒定階段(IQ,OQ&PQ),包含鑒定計劃及偏差處理等;The 4th section: document requirements,including the input and output documents required by this protocol.第四部分:文件要求,包含本方案所需的文件及輸出文件要求。第39頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星

51、期三Qualification Types鑒定的類型How do requirements apply?怎樣應(yīng)用這些要求Qualification Type鑒定類型Application應(yīng)用IQ Gage calibration量具校準 Verification of installation items (EIQ,EOQ& EPQ) 安裝項目驗證 (EIQ,EOQ & EPQ)OQ Gage R&R DOE Sampling plans 抽樣計劃 Other statistical techniques 其他的統(tǒng)計技術(shù)PQ Control Charts控制圖 Cp/Cpk studies S

52、ampling plans抽樣計劃第40頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三The Importance of Gaging量具的重要性Your measurement method is most important in determining your process parameters. 在確定你的過程參數(shù)的過程中,你的測量方法是最重要的。Gages measure variation and provide signals for changes in variation. 量具用來測量變差并提供變差變化的信號。Gages are the compass to

53、 help navigate through the validation process. 量具是整個確認過程中幫助我們導(dǎo)航的羅盤。第41頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Installation Qualification (IQ)安裝鑒定(IQ) Establishing by objective evidence that all key aspects of the process equipment and ancillary system installation adhere to the manufacturers approved specifica

54、tion and that the recommendations of the supplier of the equipment are suitably considered. 用客觀證據(jù)來支持證明,所安裝的過程設(shè)備和輔助系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵安裝方面,能滿足制造商已批準的技術(shù)規(guī)范,且供應(yīng)商的建議也被恰當?shù)目紤]了。2004 GHTF第42頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Installation Qualification (IQ)安裝鑒定(IQ) “Is the equipment installed correctly?”設(shè)備已經(jīng)正確的安裝了嗎?IQ Goal:IQ目的V

55、erify and prove all key aspects of the process equipment and ancillary system installation adhere to the manufacturers approved specification and that the recommendations of the supplier of the equipment are suitably considered. 驗證并證明所安裝的過程設(shè)備和輔助系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵安裝方面,能滿足制造商已批準的技術(shù)規(guī)范,且供應(yīng)商的建議也被恰當?shù)目紤]了。The IQ reduces

56、 risk by reducing the number of root causes suspected when trouble occurs in the OQ and PQ. IQ通過消減在OQ和PQ過程中出現(xiàn)的麻煩的可疑原因數(shù)量來減少風險Make sure equipments to meet intended use . 確保設(shè)備滿足預(yù)期用途 第43頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Installation Qualification (IQ)安裝鑒定(IQ) Review intended use & Manufacture requirements評審預(yù)

57、期用途及制造商的要求Define the acceptance criteria 定義接受標準Define IQ items定義IQ項目Develop IQ protocol開發(fā)IQ方案Execute IQ protocol執(zhí)行方案Evaluate IQ評估IQ 第44頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Installation Qualification (IQ)安裝鑒定(IQ) Important considerations are:IQ考慮事項:Equipment design features (construction materials, cleanabil

58、ity) 設(shè)備設(shè)計特點(如清潔裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)材料等) Installation conditions (wiring, utilities) 安裝條件(布線、實用性、功能性等) Calibration, Preventive Maintenance, cleaning schedules 校準、預(yù)防性保養(yǎng)、清潔計劃 Safety 安全特性 Supplier documentation 供應(yīng)商文件Software documentation 軟件文件 Spare parts list 零部件清單 Environmental conditions (temperature, humidity) 環(huán)境條

59、件(如清潔室的要求、溫度和濕度) 2004 GHTF第45頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Acceptance Criteria接受標準Considerations考慮點:Make them clear and objective 清晰、客觀Be descriptive 可描述的Attributes should reference a standard when possible. 可能時,定性參數(shù)應(yīng)該作為參考標準Specifications can be a tolerance, maximum or minimum 規(guī)格應(yīng)該有公差,最大或最小They must

60、make sense, 必須能講的清楚They must keep the OQ and PQ in mind 必須一直把OQ和PQ記在心里Acceptance criteria are created before the protocol is approved not afterward接受標準要在方案批準之前制定出來而不是之后制定出來第46頁,共72頁,2022年,5月20日,18點38分,星期三Installation Qualification (IQ)安裝鑒定(IQ) Protocol components:方案構(gòu)成Purpose 目的Equipment description

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