詞性、句子成分及五種基本句型教案設(shè)計(jì)

1、實(shí)用詞性、句子成分、五種基本句型一、詞類1 .名詞（n.）名詞就是名稱一 人或事物的名稱。具體的人或物體的名稱：人名-Mike,Li Ming;地名一 America ,China 動(dòng)物名-pig,dog; 植物名-tree,wheat.抽象的事物的名稱：idea（主意）,victory（勝利J）,knowledge（知識(shí)）.2 .代詞（pron.）何謂“代”？ “代”是替代的意思，主要是來(lái)替代名詞，所以說(shuō)名詞和代詞關(guān)系是很近的，或者說(shuō)代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)就是名 詞，正是這種血液關(guān)系，絕大多數(shù)時(shí)候代詞跟名詞在句中起的作用是一 樣的。從英語(yǔ)詞匯的整體來(lái)看代詞數(shù)量并不多，如 hetheyshe等3. 動(dòng)詞（

2、v.）動(dòng)就是動(dòng)作一人的五官動(dòng)作：walk（走）,jump（跳）,swim（游泳）；人的大腦動(dòng)作（心理活 動(dòng)）:think（ 想）,imagine（想象）.也有些動(dòng)詞是表示靜止的， 如：am, is ,教學(xué)過(guò)程are。4. 形容詞（adj.）我們?cè)谥v論人或物時(shí)，常說(shuō)：“你描述一下是什 么樣子?！蹦憔鸵蒙希簍all （高的），short矮的）,black （黑的）,white（白的）這些詞往往是修飾名詞，它們就是形容詞。5. 副詞（adv .）說(shuō)人行走得快慢，講話清楚，在英語(yǔ)里就要用quickly （快地），slowly （慢地），clearly （清楚地）這些詞往往來(lái)修 飾動(dòng)詞。它們就是副詞。

3、副詞很多是從形容詞加ly構(gòu)成的，所以看單詞 詞尾是否有l(wèi)y是判斷是否是副詞的一種方法，但是詞尾是ly的也不一定都是副詞，可能是形容詞，不過(guò)只有少量的單詞（常見的有l(wèi)ikely 、friendly lovely 、lonely 、weekly、monthly、yearly ）,這幾個(gè)單詞需要加強(qiáng)記憶，也不就是幾個(gè)單詞特殊嘛，不過(guò)考試往往就考特殊 的，你要小心才是呀！6. 介詞（prep.）英語(yǔ)用詞里，介詞也屬于難纏的一個(gè)。因?yàn)樗?及方面廣，而且變化多端，往往令人捉摸不定，記起來(lái)很麻煩。別怕別 怕，大部份介詞都不難理解，比較令人頭痛的只是下列幾個(gè)at, by, to,in, for, of, o

4、n, from, with , 其中又以 at, by, in, on 為四 大“難纏”！學(xué)習(xí)介詞就是要抓住這幾難纏，還要提醒你的是，介詞同 名詞“關(guān)系”最好，是“鐵” 哥們，所以往往你見到介詞的地方你就會(huì) 見到名詞，而且還有一個(gè)詞類往往和他們兩個(gè)往往在一起，那就是冠詞， 他們?nèi)齻€(gè)形成一個(gè)“小集團(tuán)”。介詞與動(dòng)詞也有著不可分割的連帶關(guān)系， 介詞經(jīng)常與動(dòng)詞組成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。7. 連詞（conj.）如果我們想把單詞與單詞、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)、句子與 句子連接起來(lái)就要用連詞。連詞不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，只能和其他詞類 一起作句子成分。常見的連詞有： and、but、or、both. and 、 neither.nor

5、 、not only .but also 、when、where、 before、 after 、if 等等8. 冠詞（art.）英語(yǔ)中只有三個(gè)詞：a、an （不定冠詞）the （ 定 冠詞），簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，不定冠詞表示泛指，定冠詞表示特指，冠詞與名詞關(guān) 系緊密，一般是放在名詞之前。冠詞也不能單獨(dú)做主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)，只能和名 詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞結(jié)合作句子成分。9. 數(shù)詞（num.）顧名思義，跟數(shù)字有關(guān)的詞就是數(shù)詞。英語(yǔ)中的數(shù) 詞有兩種，基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞表示數(shù)量，比如：one、two three、 four、five 、six、seven等等，序數(shù)詞表示順序，比如：first 、 second thir

6、d 、fourth 、fifth 等等。10. 感嘆詞（interj.）主要是來(lái)表示喜怒哀樂等感情的，比如：oh、ah、well等等，這一詞類在十大詞類中并不重要，了解即可。練習(xí)一一）根據(jù)對(duì)詞類概念的理解，指出下面單詞的詞性：1. deep 2. finger 3. fly 4. papers 5. pass6. refuse7. size8. spoon 9. delicious10. thick11. town12. map13. myself 14. and15 .on16. sheep 17 .ship 18. mine 19. important 20. an21. catch 22

7、 .first 23. laugh 24. third25. leave26. here27 .fly28. home 29. round30. sing31. blind32. but33. eighth 34. about35. bad36. yours 37. child 38 .against 39. ah 40. with41. cinema 42. Tuesday 43. cheap 44 .advice 45. two46. they 47. able 48. for 49. say 50. quickly51. if答案：形容詞：1、9、10、19、29、31、35、43、47

8、動(dòng)詞：3、5、6、21、23、25、27、30、49名詞:2、4、7、8、11、12、16、17、3、27、28、37、41、42、44、代詞:13、18、36、數(shù)詞:22、 24、33、冠詞:20連詞:14、 32、51副詞:26、29、50介詞:15、34、38、464540、48感嘆詞：39）判斷下列句子中劃線單詞的詞性1 .Mary dances well.2 . His father is reading.3 .Tom is looking for his watch.4 .He often plays violin after school.5 .Mr. Green works i

9、n a university.6 .The teacher taught us English songs.7 .I have had this pen for two years.8 .Nothing can live without water.9 . You may keep this dictionary for two weeks.10 . You can t agree with me .答案：1.副詞2.形容詞型物主代詞3.介詞4.副詞5.冠詞6.名詞7.動(dòng)詞8.不定代詞/介詞9.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞10.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、句子成分和簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本類型1、成分與詞性的關(guān)系：詞性是一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，而

10、成分是詞語(yǔ)在不同句 子中的角色，詞性是不會(huì)改變的，但成分對(duì)于同一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)在不同的句子 中是可以不一樣的。如:The boy likes English/ The teacher teaches the boy English.在這兩句話中，the boy的詞性都是名詞，而在第一句話中做主語(yǔ)成分，在第二句話卻做賓語(yǔ)的成分。2、成分主語(yǔ)（subject ）:句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east.（名詞）He likes dancing.（代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history.（數(shù)詞） Seeing isbelievin

11、g. （動(dòng)名詞）To see is to believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book. （主語(yǔ)從句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ)）謂語(yǔ)（predicate ）:說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。We study English.He is asleep.一、選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞.1、I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D.wall2、Do you

12、usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus3、There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon4、Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast5、Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn

13、t C. do D. his homework6、Whom did you give my book to?A. give B. did C. whom D. book答案：BCACCA表語(yǔ)（predicative ）:系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特 征。Heis a teacher. （名詞） Seventy-four! You don t look it. （代詞）Five and five is ten.（數(shù)詞）He is asleep.（形容詞）His father is in.（副詞）The picture is on the wall.（ 介詞短語(yǔ)）My watch i

14、s gone / missing / lost.（形容詞化的分詞）To wear a flower is to say I m poor, I can t buy a ring. （不 定式）The question is whether they will come.（表語(yǔ)從句）常見的系動(dòng)詞有：1）表感官的動(dòng)詞：feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem等。2） 表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞：become, get, grow, turn, go, 等3）表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞 remain, keep, hold, stay, rest 等4） be動(dòng)詞It so

15、unds a good idea.Her voice sounds sweet.The food smells delicious.The door remains open.一、挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)The sound sounds strange.Tom looks thin.The food tastes good.Now I feel tired.1、The old man was feeling very tired.2、The leaves have turned yellow.3、They look beautiful.4、She was the first one.答案：tired

16、 yellow beautiful the first one賓語(yǔ)：1）動(dòng)作的承受者-動(dòng)賓I like China. （名詞）He hates you.（代詞）How many do you need? We need two.（數(shù)詞）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you.（動(dòng)名詞）I hope to see you again.（不定式）Did you write down what hesaid?（賓語(yǔ)從句）2 ）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-介賓Are you afraid of the snake? U

17、nder the snow, there are many rocks.3 ）雙賓語(yǔ)-問(wèn)賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave mea book yesterday.Give the poor mansomemoney.二、選出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)1、My brother hasnt done his homework.A B C D2、People all over the world speak English.A B C D3、The old man said he was ill.A B C4、You will find the museum on the left.A B C5、 You

18、will find it useful after you leave school.A B C6、They didnt know Tom.A B C答案：DDCBBC五、拓展訓(xùn)練 一、劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ). Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?答案： 直賓：a st

19、ory/a new bike/history/ it/message 問(wèn)賓： us/me/us/Tom/me賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Weelected him monitor. （名詞）Weall think it a pity that she didn t come here. （名）Wewill makethem happy.（形容詞）We found nobody in.（ 副詞）Please make yourself at home. 介詞短語(yǔ)） Don t let him do that.（省to不定式）His father advised him to teach

20、 the lazy boy a lesson.（帶 to不定式）Don t keep the lights burning. （現(xiàn)在分詞） I ll have my bike repaired.（過(guò)去分詞）選出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1、He asked her to take the boy out of school.A BC2、They call me Lily sometimes.A B C3、I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B C4、Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground ?A BC答案

21、：CCCC定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher. （名詞） He is our friend. （代 詞）Webelong to the third world.（數(shù)詞）He was advised to teachthe lazy boy a lesson. （形容詞）The man over there is my old friend.（ 副詞）The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.（介詞）The boys playing football are in Cl

22、ass 2.（現(xiàn)在分詞）The trees planted last year are growing well now.（過(guò)去分詞）I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）You should doeverything that I do.（定語(yǔ)從句）二、選出下列句中的定語(yǔ)1、What is your English name?A B C2、The man downstairs is sleeping.A B C3、I am waiting for the tall boy.AB C4、The old man is 90 years old.A B C答案：CBB

23、A狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。 （以 下例句按上述順序排列）I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didn t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like someof you v

24、ery much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school bybike.Though he is young, he can do it well.選出下列句中的狀語(yǔ).1、Tom runs fast.A B C2、There was a big smile on her face.A B C3、Every night he heard the noise .A B C4、He began to learn English when he was eleven.AB C5、She loves the library

25、 because she loves books.A B C答案：CCACC五種基本句型1 .主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞 She came . / My head aches.2 .主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)She likes English.3 .主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)She is happy.4 .主語(yǔ) +雙賓動(dòng)詞 +間接賓語(yǔ) +直接賓語(yǔ)She gave John abook. She bought a book for me.5 .主語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞+ 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)She makes hermother angry .主（語(yǔ)）+謂（語(yǔ)）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整

26、的意思. 這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)從句等，但不 能直接加賓語(yǔ)。1. The sun | was shining.太陽(yáng)在照耀著.2. The moon | rose. 月亮升起了 .3. What he said | does not matter.他所講的沒有什么關(guān)系.4. They | talked for half an hour.他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí).5. The pen | writes smoothly.這支筆書寫流禾.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作， 但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才

27、能使意 思完整.這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞.1. Who | knows | the answer ? 誰(shuí)知道答案？2. He | enjoys| reading.他喜歡看書.3. He | admits | that he was mistaken. 他承認(rèn)犯了錯(cuò)誤.主（語(yǔ)）+系（動(dòng)詞）+表（語(yǔ)）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的 意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思.這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。1. This | is | an English-Chinese dictionary.這是本英漢辭典.2. The dinner | sme

28、lls I good.午餐的氣味很好.3. His face | turned | red.他的臉紅了4. Everything | looks | different.一切看來(lái)都不同了 .5. He I is growing | tall and strong.他長(zhǎng)得又高又壯.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)（somebody） +賓語(yǔ)（something）（雙賓）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完 整的意思.這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承 受者.通常這一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來(lái)連接，當(dāng)動(dòng)作的間接承受者在動(dòng) 作的直接承受者之前時(shí)，這一介詞往往被省略.文檔1.

29、 She | ordered | herself | a new dress.她給自己定了套新衣,、乙裳.2. I | showed | him | my pictures. 我給他看我的照片.3. He | bought | you | a dictionary.他給你買了一本字典.4. I | told | him | that the bus was late.我告訴他汽車晚點(diǎn)了 .5. He I showed | me | how to run the machine.他教我開機(jī)器.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還 不能表達(dá)

30、完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完 整.1. They | painted | the door | green.他們把門漆成綠色.2. They | found | the house | deserted.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子無(wú)人居住,3. What | makes | him | think so ? 他怎么會(huì)這樣想？.4. We | saw | him | out.我們送他出去.5. He | asked | me | to come back soon.他要我早點(diǎn)回來(lái).6. I | saw | them | getting on the bus at that tim

31、e. 我看見他們 當(dāng)時(shí)在上了那輛公共汽車.練習(xí)：判斷下列句子的句型1.She was short2.I can t stand the heat.1 .I sent you an E-mail. 4.It cost me three dollars5 .You can leave the door open. 6.He speaks English .7 .Teachers will make your English better.8 .That will save you a lot of time9 .They found the dead boy. 10.They found the

32、boy dead.11.I found the book easily.12.Tom took Jim a book.13.I always find her happy14.He said he didnt come.15.They love each other.答案：1.主系表2.主謂賓3.主謂雙賓4.主謂雙賓5.主謂賓賓補(bǔ)6.主謂賓7.主謂賓賓補(bǔ)8.主謂雙賓9.主謂賓10.主謂賓賓補(bǔ)11.主謂賓12.主謂雙賓13.主謂賓賓補(bǔ)14.主謂賓15.主謂賓課堂 總結(jié)課后 作業(yè)練習(xí)一找出卜間句子中的主語(yǔ)、系動(dòng)詞及表語(yǔ)，并指出主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)分別是 由什么詞性或詞類來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)摹?. Tom is a st

33、udent.2. He is fat.3. I am tired .4. We are students.5. The bag was lost .6. The boy was foolish .7. They were kind.8. She is in the room.9. The books are on the desk.10. Snow is white.句子比較簡(jiǎn)單，答案就不呈現(xiàn)了練習(xí)二一判斷下列句子是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)還是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，如果是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)請(qǐng)指 出是由什么詞性充當(dāng)?shù)馁e語(yǔ)（名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、doing等等）1 .He arrived yesterday.2 .The boy is crying loudly.3 .She died in 2000.4.The man disappeared in the street.5.I like music.6.She wanted some help7.1 slept we